Heap leaching. Computer simulation as an alternative technology

The article discusses the possibility of reducing environmental risks and resources by finding ways to optimize technology solutions with a computer program that simulates the heap leaching process. It is shown that the main role in the design and operational control plays simulation and an understanding of the structure and movement of the concentration fronts of substances - leaching participants within the heap. The examples of process control by conventional technological parameters - density of irrigation, fineness crushing or agglomeration bulk and height of the heap - show the attainability a significant reduction in of leaching time and as a result, reducing consumption of energy, water and sodium cyanide. The latter is a major threat to the environment

Роль молекулярно-генетических методов определения Т-и В-клеточной клональности в диагностике злокачественныхлимфом кожи

The article presents the data on the studies contributing to improving the differential diagnostics of T-cell and B-cell cutaneous lymphomas including large-plaque parapsoriasis and T-cell and B-cell cutaneous pseudolymphomas as well as frequency of their transformation into malignant cutaneous lymphomas. There was a study of 101 patients using the polymerase chain reaction method to determine the T-cell and B-cell lymphocyte clonality by genes of g and chains in the T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. Monoclonality was determined in 40 of 46 cases in patients with T-cell cutaneous lymphomas and in three of four cases in patients with B-cell cutaneous lymphomas. Monoclonality was revealed in one of 14 cases of large-plaque parapsoriasis and one of two cases of T-cell cutaneous pseudolymphoma. In all of the 24 cases of chronic benign dermatoses, five cases of small-plaque parapsoriasis and ten skin tissue samples obtained from healthy donors, polyclonal lymphocytes were revealed. So, the obtained results make it possible to consider the method to be an important addition in the field of diagnosing lymphoproliferative skin diseases.Приведены данные об исследованиях, способствующих совершенствованию дифференциальной диагностики Т- и В-клеточных лимфом кожи, в том числе с крупнобляшечным парапсориазом, Т- и В-клеточными псевдолимфомами кожи, а также о частоте их трансформации в злокачественные лимфомы кожи. У 101 пациента проведено обследование методом полимеразной цепной реакции с целью определения Т- и В-клеточной клональности лимфоцитов по генам g- и -цепей Т-клеточного рецептора и генам тяжелой цепи иммуноглобулина. У пациентов с Т-клеточными лимфомами кожи моноклональность определялась в 40 из 46 случаев, с В-клеточными лимфомами кожи - в 3 из 4 случаев. Также моноклональность была выявлена в 1 из 14 случаев крупнобляшечного парапсориазам и в 1 из 2 случаев Т-клеточной псевдолимфомы кожи. Во всех 24 случаях хронических доброкачественных дерматозов, 5 случаях мелкобляшечного парапсориаза и 10 биоптатах кожи от здоровых доноров была выявлена поликлональность лимфоцитов. Таким образом, полученные результаты позволяют считать данный метод важным дополнением в диагностике лимфопролиферативных заболеваний кожи

Редкий вариант первичной цилиарной дискинезии в сочетании с наследственной геморрагической телеангиэктазией 1-го типа: клиническое наблюдение

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disease belonging to the group of ciliopathies. The disease develops because a defect in the ultrastructure of the epithelial cilia in the respiratory tract and similar structures (sperm flagella, villi of the fallopian tubes, ventricular ependyma, etc.) disturbs their motor function. Currently, various clinical and genetic variants of the disease are distinguished, increasing the effectiveness of dynamic examination and treatment.Aim. In this article, we describe a patient with a rare variant of PCD that we identified in combination with a mutation in the ENG gene responsible for the development of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT-1). HHT-1 is a rare hereditary disease that manifests as various vascular dysplasias, including arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in the lungs, which can significantly worsen the course of the disease and be a predictor of an unfavorable outcome.Conclusion. The presented case demonstrates a combination of two rare genetic diseases in a child. The uniqueness of the case also lies in the fact that the identified rare mutation in the DRC1 gene responsible for the development of PCD is not associated with a loss of motility of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium, which makes the testing and the correct diagnosis even more difficult.Первичная цилиарная дискинезия (ПЦД) — редкое генетически детерминированное заболевание из группы цилиопатий, основу которого составляет дефект ультраструктуры ресничек эпителия респираторного тракта и аналогичных им структур (жгутики сперматозоидов, ворсины фаллопиевых труб, эпендимы желудочков и др.), в результате которого нарушаются их двигательные функции. В настоящий момент выделяются различные клинико-генетические варианты заболевания, что позволяет повысить эффективность проводимого динамического обследования и лечения.Целью работы явилось описание собственного клинического наблюдения за пациенткой с выявленным редким вариантом ПЦД в сочетании с мутацией в гене ENG, ответственном за формирование наследственной геморрагической телеангиэктазии (НГТ) 1-го типа, которая также является редким наследственным заболеванием, проявляющимся различными сосудистыми дисплазиями, в т. ч. артериовенозными мальформациями в легких, что может существенно ухудшать течение заболевания и быть предиктором неблагоприятного исхода.Заключение. По данным клинического наблюдения продемонстрировано сочетание двух редких генетических заболеваний у ребенка. Уникальность случая состоит также в том, что выявленная редкая мутация в гене DRC1, отвечающая за формирование ПЦД, не сопровождается потерей подвижности ресничек мерцательного эпителия, что является фактором, еще более затрудняющим диагностику

Strain indicators in the assessment of systolic myocardial function in a boy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Namen: Članek predstavlja zanimiv klinični primer 14-letnega fanta s hipertrofično kardiomiopatijo (HCM). Vrednosti ejekcijske frakcije (EF) in "shortening" frakcije levega ventrikla so pri otrocih s hipertrofično kardiomiopatijo dolgo časa v sprejemljivih okvirjih. Zaznava zmanjšanja segmetalne miokardialne kontraktilnosti na začetku bolezni predstavlja diagnostično težavo. Metode: Predstavljene so klinične lastnosti bolnika, rezultati študij in analiza obremenitve miokardija levega ventrikla v "2D speckle-tracking" nastavitvi z ehokardiografsko študijo. Rezultati: Ugotovljeno je bilo zmanjšanje vrednosti v indikatorjih obremenitve v anterioseptalnem, anteriornem in anterolateralnem segment miokardija levega ventrikla ter kompenzatorno zvišanje vrednosti v kontralateralnih segmentih. Ugotovljene vrednosti so služile kot indikacija za začetek zdravljenja. Zaključek: Zmanjšanje vrednosti v indikatorjih obremenitve v "2D speckle-tracking" nastavitvi je najbolj nazorno predstavljeno s spremembami v segmentalni sistolični funkciji levega ventrikla v začetnem stadiju hipertrofične kardiomiopatije

Investigation of myocardial kinetics in clinical practice: Reference values of deformity, rotation, and torsion

Most cardiologists are familiar with current echocardiographic techniques — the latter study myocardial deformity, rotation, torsion, etc. However, not all practitioners realize the possibility of introducing the results of these current examinations into clinical practice. The introduction is hampered by a lack of platform-independent technologies and reference values in different age ranges and an investigator’s high subjectivism during data extraction. The paper presents the specific features of an echocardiographic procedure for analyzing the values and lower normal limit for myocardial (longitudinal, lateral, and circular) deformity, rotation, torsion with consideration for differences in gender, age, etc., as well as the specific features of changes in the study indicators in the main groups of myocardial diseases

Current examination methods in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

The high incidence of myocardial hypertrophy poses practitioners a problem in the differential diagnosis and early detection of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy among those with myocardial hypertrophy in order to define treatment policy, to prevent life-threating conditions, and to improve prognosis. The paper presents current approaches to diagnosing hypertrophic cardiomyopathies and molecular genetic studies; 3D echocardiography that allows the accurate measurement of the volume parameters of cardiac chambers; speckle tracking and assessment of left atrial and left ventricular strain as diagnostic and prognostic criteria for the course of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; cardiac MRI and determination of the volume parameters, myocardial mass, and trabecular pattern of the left ventricle; biochemical parameters of atrial overload (B-type or brain natriuretic peptides) and myocardial ischemia (troponin T), as well as electrocardiographic studies

2D speckle-tracking assessment of left ventricular myocardial strain in healthy children and adolescents

Introduction.To determine the relevant indicators of strain and strain rate of the left ventricular myocardium in children and adolescents.Materials and methods. Have been examined 67 patients form aged from 7 up to 17 years old. 1-st group – 30 children from 7 to 11 years old; 2-nd group – 37 adolescents from 12 to 17 years old. Аt an echocardiographic examination the systolic function of the left ventricle was determined: ejection and shortening fractions, in 2D-speckle-tracking mode – global and segmental longitudinal, circular and radial strain and strain rates.Results. Have been studied the relevant indicators of global and segmental longitudinal, radial, circular deformities of the left ventricular myocardium and their rates in healthy children and adolescents. A statistically significant increase in global and segmental longitudinal strain, radial and circular strain rates in the 2-nd group compared with the 1-st group had revealed. Had found that the uniform distribution of indicators in the ranges of confidence intervals, noted in the assessment of global radial strain and circular strain rate, as well as a statistically significant predominance of strain indicators in the subendocardial layers compared with the subepicardial layers of the myocardium left ventricle.Conclusions. 1. In adolescents 12–17 years old, compared with children 7–11 years old, there is a statistically  significant predominance of global and segmental longitudinal strain, radial and circular strain rates of the left  ventricular myocardium. Radial strain and circular strain rate of the left ventricular myocardium are the most uniform in contrast to other indicators of strain.2. In healthy children and adolescents, had observed statistically significant higher strain and strain rate in the subendocardial layer compared to the subepicardial layer of the myocardium.3. The obtained indicators of global and segmental myocardial strain can serve as normative for children and  adolescents in assessing the systolic function of the left ventricle

Sildenafil in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension

The paper describes the clinical use of a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (sildenafll) in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension during a long-term controlled follow-up. The 6-year use of sildenafll as monotherapy for pulmonary hypertension had a significant positive effect as a decrease in the functional class of pulmonary hypertension from 3 to 1, an increase in exercise tolerance, improvements in echocardiographic parameters and biochemical markers (brain natriuretic peptide), and a rise in oxygen uptake during cardiorespiratory testing