Reframing commitment in authentic leadership: Untangling relationship–outcome processes

Affective organizational commitment is theorized and empirically tested as a key mediator between authentic leadership and desirable employee outcomes. The results of a two-wave survey of 830 business people in Australia support a serial mediation model of authentic leadership efficacy. Followers\u27 perceptions of authentic leadership behavior influence their personal identification and affect-based trust in the leader, which in turn are mediated by affective organizational commitment to positively influence their work engagement and job satisfaction. These findings reinforce previous work that positions personal identification and affect-based trust as the two primary mediating mechanisms of authentic leadership. This paper extends prior research by demonstrating the important role of followers\u27 affective bonds with their organization in the operation of authentic leadership, moving beyond the dyad in our understanding of follower outcomes

Reframing commitment in authentic leadership: Untangling relationship–outcome processes

Affective organizational commitment is theorized and empirically tested as a key mediator between authentic leadership and desirable employee outcomes. The results of a two-wave survey of 830 business people in Australia support a serial mediation model of authentic leadership efficacy. Followers\u27 perceptions of authentic leadership behavior influence their personal identification and affect-based trust in the leader, which in turn are mediated by affective organizational commitment to positively influence their work engagement and job satisfaction. These findings reinforce previous work that positions personal identification and affect-based trust as the two primary mediating mechanisms of authentic leadership. This paper extends prior research by demonstrating the important role of followers\u27 affective bonds with their organization in the operation of authentic leadership, moving beyond the dyad in our understanding of follower outcomes

Pseudo-random operators of the circular ensembles

We demonstrate quantum algorithms to implement pseudo-random operators that closely reproduce statistical properties of random matrices from the three universal classes: unitary, symmetric, and symplectic. Modified versions of the algorithms are introduced for the less experimentally challenging quantum cellular automata. For implementing pseudo-random symplectic operators we provide gate sequences for the unitary part of the time-reversal operator.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published PR

Scaling properties of a low-actuation pressure microfluidic valve

Using basic physical arguments, we present a design and method for the fabrication of microfluidic valves using multilayer soft lithography. These on-off valves have extremely low actuation pressures and can be used to fabricate active functions, such as pumps and mixers in integrated microfluidic chips. We characterized the performance of the valves by measuring both the actuation pressure and flow resistance over a wide range of design parameters, and compared them to both finite element simulations and alternative valve geometries

Effective control of pulmonary vascular resistance with inhaled nitric oxide after cardiac operation

AbstractIncreased pulmonary vascular resistance may greatly complicate the perioperative management of cardiac surgical patients. Inhaled nitric oxide may be a promising new therapy to selectively lower pulmonary vascular resistance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inhaled nitric oxide on pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics in cardiac surgical patients. Twenty patients (age 57 ± 6 years) were studied in the operating room after weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass. Mean pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, and mean aortic pressure were determined at four points of data collection: before nitric oxide, with 20 ppm nitric oxide, with 40 ppm nitric oxide, and after nitric oxide. Statistical analysis was by analysis of variance; significance was accepted for p < 0.05. Inhaled nitric oxide produced selective pulmonary vasorelaxation. Pulmonary vascular resistance was lowered from 343 ± 30 before nitric oxide to 233 ± 25 dynes · sec -1 · cm -5 with 20 ppm nitric oxide. Pulmonary vascular resistance was not further lowered by 40 ppm nitric oxide ( p < 0.05). Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 29 ± 1 mm Hg before nitric oxide and was lowered to 22 ± 1 mm Hg by 20 ppm nitric oxide and 21 ± 1 mm Hg by 40 ppm nitric oxide ( p < 0.05). Both pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary arterial pressure returned to baseline after withdrawal of inhaled nitric oxide. Inhaled nitric oxide produced no changes in either systemic vascular resistance or mean aortic pressure. We conclude that nitric oxide may be used as an effective pulmonary vasodilator after cardiac operations. It may be particularly valuable for selectively lowering right ventricular afterload in patients with right ventricular dysfunction. (J THORAC CARDIOVASC SURG 1996;111:753-63

Respect, bullying, and public sector work outcomes in Vietnam

This article examines empirical links between a subordinate’s felt recognition respect from his/her supervisor, the subordinate’s appraisal respect for that supervisor, and bullying, work engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviour in Vietnam’s public sector. Data from 274 employees in six branches of a public sector agency were used to test the hypothesized model. Within Vietnam’s public sector, the followers who receive recognition respect from the leaders have greater appraisal respect for their leaders, experience less bullying, and reveal higher work engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour. This article theoretically and empirically contributes to the respect literature developed in the Western context

A Framework for Text Mining Services

The growth of online scientific literature, coupled with the growing maturity of text processing technology, has boosted the importance of text mining as a potentially crucial tool. However, there are several challenges to be addressed before sophisticated text mining services can be deployed within emerging workflow environments. Our work contributes at two levels. At the invocation level, we have developed a flexible XML-based pipeline architecture which allows non-XML processors to be readily integrated. At the description/discovery level, we have developed a broker for service composition, and an accompanying domain ontology, that leverage the OWL-S approach to service profiles.

Concurrent Inhibition of IGF1R and ERK Increases Pancreatic Cancer Sensitivity to Autophagy Inhibitors

The aggressive nature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mandates the development of improved therapies. As KRAS mutations are found in 95% of PDAC and are critical for tumor maintenance, one promising strategy involves exploiting KRAS-dependent metabolic perturbations. The macrometabolic process of autophagy is upregulated in KRAS-mutant PDAC, and PDAC growth is reliant on autophagy. However, inhibition of autophagy as monotherapy using the lysosomal inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has shown limited clinical efficacy. To identify strategies that can improve PDAC sensitivity to HCQ, we applied a CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screen and found that a top sensitizer was the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R). Additionally, reverse phase protein array pathway activation mapping profiled the signaling pathways altered by chloroquine (CQ) treatment. Activating phosphorylation of RTKs, including IGF1R, was a common compensatory increase in response to CQ. Inhibition of IGF1R increased autophagic flux and sensitivity to CQ-mediated growth suppression both in vitro and in vivo. Cotargeting both IGF1R and pathways that antagonize autophagy, such as ERK-MAPK axis, was strongly synergistic. IGF1R and ERK inhibition converged on suppression of glycolysis, leading to enhanced dependence on autophagy. Accordingly, concurrent inhibition of IGF1R, ERK, and autophagy induced cytotoxicity in PDAC cell lines and decreased viability in human PDAC organoids. In conclusion, targeting IGF1R together with ERK enhances the effectiveness of autophagy inhibitors in PDAC. Significance: Compensatory upregulation of IGF1R and ERK- MAPK signaling limits the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and their concurrent inhibition synergistically increases autophagy dependence and chloroquine sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Peer reviewe

Risk Factors for Tube Shunt Exposure: A Matched Case-Control Study

Purpose. To evaluate potential risk factors for developing tube shunt exposure in glaucoma patients. Patients and Methods. Forty-one cases from 41 patients that had tube shunt exposure from 1996 to 2005 were identified from the Robert Cizik Eye Clinic and Bascom Palmer Eye Institute. Each case was matched with 2 controls of the same gender and with tube shunts implanted within 6 months of the index case. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine risk factors. Results. The study cohort includes a total of 121 eyes from 121 patients. The mean age was 63.6 ± 19.7 years, ranging from 1 to 96 years. The average time to exposure was 19.29 ± 23.75 months (range 0.36–85.74 months). Risk factors associated with tube exposure were Hispanic ethnicity (; OR = 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3–9.7), neovascular glaucoma (; OR = 28.5; 95% CI, 2.6–316.9), previous trabeculectomy (; OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.6–17.7), and combined surgery (; OR = 3.7; 95% CI, 1.1–12.7). Conclusions. Hispanic ethnicity, neovascular glaucoma, previous trabeculectomy, and combined surgery were identified as potential risk factors for tube shunt exposure. These potential risk factors should be considered when determining the indication for performing tube shunt implantation and the frequency of long-term followup

Frontiers, Opportunities, and Challenges in Biochemical and Chemical Catalysis of CO_2 Fixation

Two major energy-related problems confront the world in the next 50 years. First, increased worldwide competition for gradually depleting fossil fuel reserves (derived from past photosynthesis) will lead to higher costs, both monetarily and politically. Second, atmospheric CO_2 levels are at their highest recorded level since records began. Further increases are predicted to produce large and uncontrollable impacts on the world climate. These projected impacts extend beyond climate to ocean acidification, because the ocean is a major sink for atmospheric CO2.1 Providing a future energy supply that is secure and CO_2-neutral will require switching to nonfossil energy sources such as wind, solar, nuclear, and geothermal energy and developing methods for transforming the energy produced by these new sources into forms that can be stored, transported, and used upon demand