Momentum Analyticity and Finiteness of the 1-Loop Superstring Amplitude

The Type II Superstring amplitude to 1-loop order is given by an integral of $\vartheta$-functions over the moduli space of tori, which diverges for real momenta. We construct the analytic continuation which renders this amplitude well defined and finite, and we find the expected poles and cuts in the complex momentum plane.Comment: 10pp, /UCLA/93/TEP/

Thermal history of the string universe

Thermal history of the string universe based on the Brandenberger and Vafa's scenario is examined. The analysis thereby provides a theoretical foundation of the string universe scenario. Especially the picture of the initial oscillating phase is shown to be natural from the thermodynamical point of view. A new tool is employed to evaluate the multi state density of the string gas. This analysis points out that the well-known functional form of the multi state density is not applicable for the important region $T \leq T_H$, and derives a correct form of it.Comment: 39 pages, no figures, use revtex.sty, aps.sty, aps10.sty & preprint.st

Is small beautiful? A multicriteria assessment of small-scale energy technology applications in local governments

In its 2003 White Paper the UK government set ambitious renewable energy targets. Local governments and households have an increasing role in the overall energy system as consumers, suppliers of smaller-scale applications and citizens discussing energy projects. In this paper, we consider if small-scale or large-scale approaches to renewable energy provision can achieve energy targets in the most socially, economically and environmentally (SEE) effective way. We take a local case study of renewable energy provision in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in Yorkshire, UK, and apply a multi-criteria decision analysis methodology to compare the small-scale schemes implemented in Kirklees with large-scale alternatives. The results indicate that small-scale schemes are the most SEE effective, despite large-scale schemes being more financially viable. The selection of the criteria on which the alternatives are assessed and the assigned weights for each criterion are of crucial importance. It is thus very important to include the relevant stakeholders to elicit this information

Targeting DNA repair in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC): Genomic Screening for a Clinical Trial of Rucaparib

Objectives: The high prevalence of men with mCRPC carrying pathogenic mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes may have implications for clinical treatment, as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, such as rucaparib, have shown preliminary evidence of activity in these patients. The ongoing phase 2 TRITON2 study (NCT02952534) is evaluating rucaparib in mCRPC patients harboring a deleterious germline or somatic mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, or other DDR gene. Here we present results from genomic screening of tissue and plasma samples from mCRPC patients. Methods: Comprehensive genomic profiling was performed by Foundation Medicine, Inc., using FFPE tumor tissue and plasma circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples. These next-generation sequencing (NGS) assays detect germline and somatic genomic alterations (GAs), but do not distinguish between them. Results: By Jan 15, 2019, prostate or metastatic tumor tissue samples from 1050 mCRPC patients were processed. Sequencing was successful for 68% of prostate samples, 82% of soft-tissue metastatic samples, and 57% of bone metastatic samples. In total, tissue sequencing results were obtained for 774 (74%) patients. GAs in BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM were observed in 16.7% of patients’ tissue. In parallel, plasma from 654 mCRPC patients was collected and sequenced: 96% of plasma samples had sufficient cfDNA to obtain sequencing results, and sequencing success was independent of the location of metastases (visceral, nodal, or bone). GAs in BRCA1, BRCA2, or ATM were observed in 21.4% of patients’ plasma. There was high concordance between the alterations detected by the tissue and plasma assays. For example, in 86% of patients the plasma assay detected the same BRCA2 alteration present in tissue. Conclusions: Genomic profiling may help guide clinical decision-making for mCRPC patients. Tumor and plasma testing successfully identified patients with eligible somatic or germline GAs for enrollment into TRITON2. These data continue to support the utilization of plasma genomic testing, particularly in patients without a lesion that can be biopsied. Source of Funding: Clovis Oncology, Inc

Numerical Confirmation of Late-time t^{1/2} Growth in Three-dimensional Phase Ordering

Results for the late-time regime of phase ordering in three dimensions are reported, based on numerical integration of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation with nonconserved order parameter at zero temperature. For very large systems ($700^3$) at late times, $t \ge 150,$ the characteristic length grows as a power law, $R(t) \sim t^n$, with the measured $n$ in agreement with the theoretically expected result $n=1/2$ to within statistical errors. In this time regime $R(t)$ is found to be in excellent agreement with the analytical result of Ohta, Jasnow, and Kawasaki [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 49}, 1223 (1982)]. At early times, good agreement is found between the simulations and the linearized theory with corrections due to the lattice anisotropy.Comment: Substantially revised and enlarged, submitted to PR

Quantum-Dense Metrology

Quantum metrology utilizes entanglement for improving the sensitivity of measurements. Up to now the focus has been on the measurement of just one out of two non-commuting observables. Here we demonstrate a laser interferometer that provides information about two non-commuting observables, with uncertainties below that of the meter's quantum ground state. Our experiment is a proof-of-principle of quantum dense metrology, and uses the additional information to distinguish between the actual phase signal and a parasitic signal due to scattered and frequency shifted photons. Our approach can be readily applied to improve squeezed-light enhanced gravitational-wave detectors at non-quantum noise limited detection frequencies in terms of a sub shot-noise veto-channel.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures; includes supplementary material

Scattering ripples from branes

A novel probe of D-brane dynamics is via scattering of a high energy ripple traveling along an attached string. The inelastic processes in which the D-brane is excited through emission of an additional attached string is considered. Corresponding amplitudes can be found by factorizing a one-loop amplitude derived in this paper. This one-loop amplitude is shown to have the correct structure, but extraction of explicit expressions for the scattering amplitudes is difficult. It is conjectured that the exponential growth of available string states with energy leads to an inclusive scattering rate that becomes large at the string scale, due to excitation of the ``string halo,'' and meaning that such probes do not easily see structure at shorter scales.Comment: 17 pages, 1 figure, harvmac, minor reference change

Search based software engineering: Trends, techniques and applications

© ACM, 2012. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version is available from the link below.In the past five years there has been a dramatic increase in work on Search-Based Software Engineering (SBSE), an approach to Software Engineering (SE) in which Search-Based Optimization (SBO) algorithms are used to address problems in SE. SBSE has been applied to problems throughout the SE lifecycle, from requirements and project planning to maintenance and reengineering. The approach is attractive because it offers a suite of adaptive automated and semiautomated solutions in situations typified by large complex problem spaces with multiple competing and conflicting objectives. This article provides a review and classification of literature on SBSE. The work identifies research trends and relationships between the techniques applied and the applications to which they have been applied and highlights gaps in the literature and avenues for further research.EPSRC and E

The deuteron: structure and form factors

A brief review of the history of the discovery of the deuteron in provided. The current status of both experiment and theory for the elastic electron scattering is then presented.Comment: 80 pages, 33 figures, submited to Advances in Nuclear Physic

Measurements of Deuteron Photodisintegration up to 4.0 GeV

The first measurements of the differential cross section for the d(gamma,p)n reaction up to 4.0 GeV were performed at Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab. We report the cross sections at the proton center-of-mass angles of 36, 52, 69 and 89 degrees. These results are in reasonable agreement with previous measurements at lower energy. The 89 and 69 degree data show constituent-counting-rule behavior up to 4.0 GeV photon energy. The 36 and 52 degree data disagree with the counting rule behavior. The quantum chromodynamics (QCD) model of nuclear reactions involving reduced amplitudes disagrees with the present data.Comment: 5 pages (REVTeX), 1 figure (postscript