595 research outputs found
What matters in student loan default: a review of the research literature
Journal ArticleFederal higher education policy has shifted over the past few decades from grants to loans as the primary means for providing access to postsecondary education for low and moderate-income families. With this shift, policy makers have begun tracking student loan default rates as a key indicator of the efficacy of student loan programs. This effort requires a closer examination of how to define default and what default signifies: What is an acceptable rate of default? What factors contribute to default? Should default rates be used as indicators of institutional quality or loan program efficacy. These questions lead to further investigation of factors influencing default, such as whether default is a function of the characteristics of students or of the institutions they attend, and whether the types of loans borrowed influence the probabilities of default. To help answer these and related questions, this study reviewed the literature of research on student loan default conducted between 1978 and 2007, and identified 41 of the higher quality studies, the findings of which are summarized here
Mobile Working Students: A Delicate Balance of College, Family, and Work
Increasingly, education policymakers are turning attention to the access and persistence of the new college majority,-a group that may be described as mobile working students (Ewell, Schild, & Paulson, 2003). Traditionally, much research on college students has focused on students who graduate from high school and move on to attend a four-year college on a full-time basis, graduating in four to six years. However, as Adelman (2006) and others show, even among traditional-age college students this pattern of linear enrollment is less and less common. Thus, as Kasworm (chapter 2) also argues, metaphors such as the education pipeline no longer fit. Instead, students are more accurately represented as moving along pathways or even swirling toward postsecondary success.
The experience of the mobile working student as conceived in this chapter encompasses multiple aspects of mobility and the varied, nonlinear, and evolving patterns of college going increasingly characteristic of students nationwide. One aspect of mobility in this complex and emerging picture centers on students\u27 experiences at commuter institutions, moving onto and off of campuses. In addition, students enroll in multiple institutions, moving between them. Finally, because they move into and out of institutions as well, the concomitant issues of attrition, stop-out, and degree attainment are also important to this project.https://ecommons.udayton.edu/books/1048/thumbnail.jp
Institutional Merit-Based Aid and Student Departure: A Longitudinal Analysis
The use of merit criteria in awarding institutional aid has grown considerably and, some argue, is supplanting need as the central factor in awarding aid. Concurrently, the accountability movement in higher education has placed greater emphasis on retention and graduation as indicators of institutional success and quality. In this context, this study explores the relationship between institutional merit aid and student departure from a statewide system of higher education. We found that, once we account for self-selection to the extent possible, there was no significant relationship. By contrast, need-based aid was consistently related to decreased odds of departure
Pseudoscalar and scalar meson masses at finite temperature
The composite operator formalism is applied to QCD at finite temperature to
calculate the masses of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. In particular the ratio
of the sigma mass to the pion mass is an interesting measure of the degree of
chiral symmetry breaking at different temperatures. We calculate the
temperature T* at which M_sigma(T) < 2M_pi(T), above which the sigma partial
width into two pions vanishes. We find T*=0.95T_c (where T_c is the critical
temperature for the chiral phase transition), within the full effective
potential given by the formalism. We find that an expansion a-la Landau of the
effective potential around the critical point in the limit of small quark mass
provides for a very good determination of T*.Comment: 19 pages, Revtex, 2 Postscript figure
What is the structure of the Roper resonance?
We investigate the structure of the nucleon resonance N^*(1440) (Roper)
within a coupled-channel meson exchange model for pion-nucleon scattering. The
coupling to pipiN states is realized effectively by the coupling to the sigmaN,
piDelta and rhoN channels. The interaction within and between these channels is
derived from an effective Lagrangian based on a chirally symmetric Lagrangian,
which is supplemented by well known terms for the coupling of the Delta isobar,
the omega meson and the 'sigma', which is the name given here to the strong
correlation of two pions in the scalar-isoscalar channel. In this model the
Roper resonance can be described by meson-baryon dynamics alone; no genuine
N^*(1440) (3 quark) resonance is needed in order to fit piN phase shifts and
inelasticities.Comment: 55 pages, 14 figure
Relativistic Corrections to the Triton Binding Energy
The influence of relativity on the triton binding energy is investigated. The
relativistic three-dimensional version of the Bethe-Salpeter equation proposed
by Blankenbecler and Sugar (BbS) is used. Relativistic (non-separable)
one-boson-exchange potentials (constructed in the BbS framework) are employed
for the two-nucleon interaction. In a 34-channel Faddeev calculation, it is
found that relativistic effects increase the triton binding energy by about 0.2
MeV. Including charge-dependence (besides relativity), the final triton binding
energy predictions are 8.33 and 8.16 MeV for the Bonn A and B potential,
respectively.Comment: 25 pages of text (latex), 1 figure (not included, available upon
request
Measurement of triple gauge boson couplings from WW production at LEP energies up to 189 GeV
A measurement of triple gauge boson couplings is presented, based on W-pair
data recorded by the OPAL detector at LEP during 1998 at a centre-of-mass
energy of 189 GeV with an integrated luminosity of 183 pb^-1. After combining
with our previous measurements at centre-of-mass energies of 161-183 GeV we
obtain k_g=0.97 +0.20 -0.16, g_1^z=0.991 +0.060 -0.057 and lambda_g=-0.110
+0.058 -0.055, where the errors include both statistical and systematic
uncertainties and each coupling is determined by setting the other two
couplings to their SM values. These results are consistent with the Standard
Model expectations.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J.
Search for Neutral Higgs Bosons in e+e- Collisions at sqrt(s) ~189GeV
A search for neutral Higgs bosons has been performed with the OPAL detector
at LEP, using approximately 170 pb-1 of e+e- collision data collected at
sqrt(s)~189GeV. Searches have been performed for the Standard Model (SM)
process e+e- to H0Z0 and the MSSM processes e+e- to H0Z0, A0h0. The searches
are sensitive to the b b-bar and tau antitau decay modes of the Higgs bosons,
and also to the MSSM decay mode h0 to A0A0. OPAL search results at lower
centre-of-mass energies have been incorporated in the limits we set, which are
valid at the 95% confidence level. For the SM Higgs boson, we obtain a lower
mass bound of 91.0 GeV. In the MSSM, our limits are mh>74.8GeV and mA>76.5GeV,
assuming tan(beta)>1, that the mixing of the scalar top quarks is either zero
or maximal, and that the soft SUSY-breaking masses are 1 TeV. For the case of
zero scalar top mixing, we exclude values of tan(beta) between 0.72 and 2.19.Comment: 38 pages, 15 figures, submitted Euro. Phys. J.
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