5G-SMART D1.5 Evaluation of radio network deployment options

This deliverable results from the work on the radio network performance analysis of the identified use cases and deployment options. Covered topics include latency reduction and mobility features of the 5G NR itself, as well as detailed analysis of the radio network KPIs, such as latency, reliability, throughput, spectral efficiency and capacity. Corresponding trade-offs for the identified deployment options and industrial use cases are quantified with an extensive set of technical results. Also, this deliverable is looking into co-channel coexistence performance analyzed through a real-life measurement campaign and considers performance optimization in presence of a special micro-exclusion zone within a factory.Comment: Deliverable D1.5 of the project 5G For Smart Manufacturing (5G-SMART

Practical Anytime Codes

The demand of an increasingly networked world is well reflected in modern industrial control systems where communication between the different components of the system is more and more taking place over a network. With an increasing number of components communicating and with hardware devices of low complexity, the communication resources available per communication link are however very limited. Yet, despite limited resources, the control signals transmitted over the link are still required to meet strict real-time and reliability constraints. This requires entirely new approaches in the intersection of communication and control theory. In this thesis we consider the problem of stabilizing an unstable linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) plant when the communication link between the observer and the controller of the plant is noisy. Protecting the data transmitted between these components against transmission errors by using error control schemes is essential in this context and the main subject to this thesis. We propose novel error-correcting codes, so-called anytime codes, for this purpose and show that they asymptotically fulfill the reliability requirements known from theory when used for transmission over the binary erasure channel (BEC). We identify fundamental problems when the messages to be transmitted are very short and/or the communication channel quality is very low. We propose a combinatorial finite-length analysis which allows us to identify important parameters for a proper design of anytime codes. Various modifications of the basic code structure are explored, demonstrating the flexibility of the codes and the capability of the codes to be adapted to different practical constraints. To cope with communication channels of low quality, different feedback protocols are proposed for the BEC and the AWGN channel that together with the error-correcting codes ensure the reliability constraints at short delays even for very short message lengths. In the last part of this thesis, we integrate the proposed anytime codes in an automatic control setup. We specify the different components necessary for this and determine the control cost when controlling an unstable LQG plant over a BEC using either the anytime codes proposed in this thesis or block codes. We detail the relation between parameters such as channel quality, code rate, plant instability and resources available and highlight the advantage of using anytime codes in this context.Throughout the thesis, the performance of the anytime codes is evaluated using asymptotic analysis, finite-length analysis and/or simulation results.QC 20160422</p

Empirical Study on 5G NR Cochannel Coexistence

The 5G non-public network deployments for industrial applications are becoming highly interesting for industries and enterprises owing to dependable wireless performance characteristics. With an increasing trend of network deployments in local licensed and/or shared spectrum, coexistence issues naturally arise. In this article, we present our detailed empirical results on the performance impact of a 5G NR indoor non-public network from a 5G NR outdoor network operating in the same mid-band spectrum. We present experimental results on the uplink and downlink performance impact of a non-public indoor network deployed on an industrial shopfloor. Our results quantify the impact on the uplink and downlink performance characteristics based on realistic traffic loads in a non-public indoor network when using synchronized and unsynchronized Time Division Duplex (TDD) patterns, different UE deployment locations and interference levels. We also present results on mitigating interference effects through robust link adaptation techniques. We believe that this is the first article, which reports quantified 5G NR cochannel coexistence results based on a detailed and systematic study, and provides signficant insights on the cochannel coexistence behavior in realistic deployment scenarios of an industrial shopfloor

Empirical Study on 5G NR Cochannel Coexistence

The 5G non-public network deployments for industrial applications are becoming highly interesting for industries and enterprises owing to dependable wireless performance characteristics. With an increasing trend of network deployments in local licensed and/or shared spectrum, coexistence issues naturally arise. In this article, we present our detailed empirical results on the performance impact of a 5G NR indoor non-public network from a 5G NR outdoor network operating in the same mid-band spectrum. We present experimental results on the uplink and downlink performance impact of a non-public indoor network deployed on an industrial shopfloor. Our results quantify the impact on the uplink and downlink performance characteristics based on realistic traffic loads in a non-public indoor network when using synchronized and unsynchronized Time Division Duplex (TDD) patterns, different UE deployment locations and interference levels. We also present results on mitigating interference effects through robust link adaptation techniques. We believe that this is the first article, which reports quantified 5G NR cochannel coexistence results based on a detailed and systematic study, and provides signficant insights on the cochannel coexistence behavior in realistic deployment scenarios of an industrial shopfloor

Performance of 5G Trials for Industrial Automation

Wireless- and 5G-enabled industrial automation is expected to include a plethora of different applications with a wide variety of requirements. In this article, evaluations are undertaken for the deployment of 5G in realistic industrial production environments with realistic deployment settings. Both deployments using commercial 5G systems and a 5G prototype system including pre-commercial and standard compliant URLLC functionality have been investigated. Systematic latency and reliability measurements were performed, over the air and in live networks, for different packet sizes, different devices, and networks with different capabilities (at different sites) to characterize the expected performance. The results indicate that today&rsquo;s 5G latency performance significantly depends on packet size, transmission direction (uplink or downlink), and network configuration as well as on the end device&rsquo;s design and capabilities. Our over-the-air measurements also empirically show that 5G technology and future networks have the capability of providing one-way latency of around 1 ms in both uplink and downlink for the various packet sizes tested. It is concluded that the requirements for very low latencies can be achieved with high reliability guarantees, as required in some of the most stringent industrial IoT applications