1,071 research outputs found
Optimal amount of entanglement to distinguish quantum states instantaneously
We introduce a new aspect of nonlocality which arises when the task of
quantum states distinguishability is considered under local operations and
shared entanglement in the absence of classical communication. We find the
optimal amount of entanglement required to accomplish the task perfectly for
sets of orthogonal states and argue that it quantifies information nonlocality.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Physical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.92.05233
Single polymer dynamics: coil-stretch transition in a random flow
By quantitative studies of statistics of polymer stretching in a random flow
and of a flow field we demonstrate that the stretching of polymer molecules in
a 3D random flow occurs rather sharply via the coil-stretch transition at the
value of the criterion close to theoretically predicted.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
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Mechanism of bidirectional thermotaxis in Escherichia coli.
In bacteria various tactic responses are mediated by the same cellular pathway, but sensing of physical stimuli remains poorly understood. Here, we combine an in-vivo analysis of the pathway activity with a microfluidic taxis assay and mathematical modeling to investigate the thermotactic response of Escherichia coli. We show that in the absence of chemical attractants E. coli exhibits a steady thermophilic response, the magnitude of which decreases at higher temperatures. Adaptation of wild-type cells to high levels of chemoattractants sensed by only one of the major chemoreceptors leads to inversion of the thermotactic response at intermediate temperatures and bidirectional cell accumulation in a thermal gradient. A mathematical model can explain this behavior based on the saturation-dependent kinetics of adaptive receptor methylation. Lastly, we find that the preferred accumulation temperature corresponds to optimal growth in the presence of the chemoattractant serine, pointing to a physiological relevance of the observed thermotactic behavior
Solitary coherent structures in viscoelastic shear flow: computation and mechanism
Starting from stationary bifurcations in Couette-Dean flow, we compute
nontrivial stationary solutions in inertialess viscoelastic circular Couette
flow. These solutions are strongly localized vortex pairs, exist at arbitrarily
large wavelengths, and show hysteresis in the Weissenberg number, similar to
experimentally observed ``diwhirl'' patterns. Based on the computed velocity
and stress fields, we elucidate a heuristic, fully nonlinear mechanism for
these flows. We propose that these localized, fully nonlinear structures
comprise fundamental building blocks for complex spatiotemporal dynamics in the
flow of elastic liquids.Comment: 5 pages text and 4 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letter
Solitary vortex couples in viscoelastic Couette flow
We report experimental observation of a localized structure, which is of a
new type for dissipative systems. It appears as a solitary vortex couple
("diwhirl") in Couette flow with highly elastic polymer solutions. A unique
property of the diwhirls is that they are stationary, in contrast to the usual
localized wave structures in both Hamiltonian and dissipative systems which are
stabilized by wave dispersion. It is also a new object in fluid dynamics - a
couple of vortices that build a single entity somewhat similar to a magnetic
dipole. The diwhirls arise as a result of a purely elastic instability through
a hysteretic transition at negligible Reynolds numbers. It is suggested that
the vortex flow is driven by the same forces that cause the Weissenberg effect.
The diwhirls have a striking asymmetry between the inflow and outflow, which is
also an essential feature of the suggested elastic instability mechanism.Comment: 9 pages (LaTeX), 5 Postscript figures, submitte
Elastic turbulence in curvilinear flows of polymer solutions
Following our first report (A. Groisman and V. Steinberg, \sl Nature , 53 (2000)) we present an extended account of experimental observations of
elasticity induced turbulence in three different systems: a swirling flow
between two plates, a Couette-Taylor (CT) flow between two cylinders, and a
flow in a curvilinear channel (Dean flow). All three set-ups had high ratio of
width of the region available for flow to radius of curvature of the
streamlines. The experiments were carried out with dilute solutions of high
molecular weight polyacrylamide in concentrated sugar syrups. High polymer
relaxation time and solution viscosity ensured prevalence of non-linear elastic
effects over inertial non-linearity, and development of purely elastic
instabilities at low Reynolds number (Re) in all three flows. Above the elastic
instability threshold, flows in all three systems exhibit features of developed
turbulence. Those include: (i)randomly fluctuating fluid motion excited in a
broad range of spatial and temporal scales; (ii) significant increase in the
rates of momentum and mass transfer (compared to those expected for a steady
flow with a smooth velocity profile). Phenomenology, driving mechanisms, and
parameter dependence of the elastic turbulence are compared with those of the
conventional high Re hydrodynamic turbulence in Newtonian fluids.Comment: 23 pages, 26 figure
Remote operations and interactions for systems of arbitrary dimensional Hilbert space: a state-operator approach
We present a systematic simple method for constructing deterministic remote
operations on single and multiple systems of arbitrary discrete dimensionality.
These operations include remote rotations, remote interactions and
measurements. The resources needed for an operation on a two-level system are
one ebit and a bidirectional communication of two cbits, and for an n-level
system, a pair of entangled n-level particles and two classical ``nits''. In
the latter case, there are possible distinct operations per one n-level
entangled pair. Similar results apply for generating interaction between a pair
of remote systems and for remote measurements. We further consider remote
operations on spatially distributed systems, and show that the number of
possible distinct operations increases here exponentially, with the available
number of entangled pairs that are initial distributed between the systems. Our
results follow from the properties of a hybrid state-operator object
(``stator''), which describes quantum correlations between states and
operations.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, typo correction
Phase transition in a spring-block model of surface fracture
A simple and robust spring-block model obeying threshold dynamics is
introduced to study surface fracture of an overlayer subject to stress induced
by adhesion to a substrate. We find a novel phase transition in the crack
morphology and fragment-size statistics when the strain and the substrate
coupling are varied. Across the transition, the cracks display in succession
short-range, power-law and long-range correlations. The study of stress release
prior to cracking yields useful information on the cracking process.Comment: RevTeX, 4 pages, 4 Postscript figures included using epsfi
Temporal Changes in the Observed Relationship between Cloud Cover and Surface Air Temperature
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