Sedam smrtnih grehova u nemačkoj i srpskoj frazeologiji: kontrastivna i konceptualna analiza

Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije su frazeologizmi nemačkog i srpskog jezika koji pripadaju konceptima sedam smrtnih grehova – gordost, srebroljublje, blud, zavist, stomakougađanje, gnev i lenjost. Pojam sedam smrtnih grehova predstavlja ne samo religijski pojam koji se razvijao i utemeljio kao takav od 4. do 8. veka naše ere, već su pojedinačni grehovi koncepti, emocije, stanja ili osobine sa kojima živi većina ljudi, nezavisno od eventualne religijske opredeljenosti. Stoga ne čudi činjenica da je korpus rada veoma bogat frazeologizmima: šest stotina četiri frazeologizma, i to tri stotine osamdeset jedan frazeologizam nemačkog jezika i dve stotine dvadeset tri frazeologizma srpskog jezika. Frazeologizmi su ekscerpirani iz odgovarajućih jednojezičnih i dvojezičnih onomasioloških i semasioloških rečnika nemačkog i srpskog, odnosno srpsko-hrvatskog ili hrvatskog jezika. Međutim, iako su koncepti sedam smrtnih grehova bogati frazeologizmima oba jezika, u dosadašnjim kognitivnolingvističkim istraživanjima samo je koncept gneva (besa/ ljutnje) ispitivan u srpskom i nemačkom jeziku, odnosno poređenjem ova dva jezika (dakle i sa aspekta kontrastivne analize), kao i koncept gordosti u srpskom jeziku. Rad pripada oblasti frazeologije, relativno mlade lingvističke discipline. Pod frazeologizmima podrazumevaju se ustaljeni spojevi reči koji se odlikuju polileksikalnošću, idiomatičnošću (potpunom ili delimičnom), ustaljenošću, leksikalizovanošću i reprodukovanjem. S obzirom na to da je rad leksikografskog tipa, u analizu su uvršteni frazeologizmi kodifikovani u leksikonima, ali se navode i oni prisutni u razgovornom jeziku. Analizi se pristupa primenom konceptualne i kontrastivne analize. Kako frazeologizmima nisu naglašeni svi aspekti određenog koncepta, najpre utvrđujemo strukturu pojedinačnih koncepata. Svaki greh, odnosno svaki koncept analiziran je sa aspekta konceptualne analize i utvrđeni su kognitivni mehanizmi i načini semantičke transpozicije, te utvrđene sličnosti i razlike u načinu motivisanosti frazeologizama dva jezika. Kao polazni kognitivni mehanizam posmatra se pojmovna metafora, koja neretko deluje umreženo sa drugim kognitivnim mehanizmima ili drugim oblicima motivisanosti frazeologizama. Nakon utvrđivanja pojedinačnih kognitivnih mehanizama za svaki frazeološki par (ili frazeologizam) u okviru tog mehanizma utvrđuju se stepeni ekvivalentnosti primenom kontrastivne analize i to Korhonenovog modela. Frazeologizmi se posmatraju sa aspekta morfosintaksičke strukture, leksičkog sastava, semantike i slikovitosti i utvrđuju se stepeni ekvivelantnosti: potpuna ekvivalentnost, parcijalna ekvivalentnost, parcijalna diferencija (sa morfosintaksičkim, sa leksičkim ili sa leksičkim i morfosintaksičkim razlikama), potpuna diferencija i nulta ekvivalentnost

Sedam smrtnih grehova u nemačkoj i srpskoj frazeologiji: kontrastivna i konceptualna analiza

Predmet istraživanja doktorske disertacije su frazeologizmi nemačkog i srpskog jezika koji pripadaju konceptima sedam smrtnih grehova – gordost, srebroljublje, blud, zavist, stomakougađanje, gnev i lenjost. Pojam sedam smrtnih grehova predstavlja ne samo religijski pojam koji se razvijao i utemeljio kao takav od 4. do 8. veka naše ere, već su pojedinačni grehovi koncepti, emocije, stanja ili osobine sa kojima živi većina ljudi, nezavisno od eventualne religijske opredeljenosti. Stoga ne čudi činjenica da je korpus rada veoma bogat frazeologizmima: šest stotina četiri frazeologizma, i to tri stotine osamdeset jedan frazeologizam nemačkog jezika i dve stotine dvadeset tri frazeologizma srpskog jezika. Frazeologizmi su ekscerpirani iz odgovarajućih jednojezičnih i dvojezičnih onomasioloških i semasioloških rečnika nemačkog i srpskog, odnosno srpsko-hrvatskog ili hrvatskog jezika. Međutim, iako su koncepti sedam smrtnih grehova bogati frazeologizmima oba jezika, u dosadašnjim kognitivnolingvističkim istraživanjima samo je koncept gneva (besa/ ljutnje) ispitivan u srpskom i nemačkom jeziku, odnosno poređenjem ova dva jezika (dakle i sa aspekta kontrastivne analize), kao i koncept gordosti u srpskom jeziku. Rad pripada oblasti frazeologije, relativno mlade lingvističke discipline. Pod frazeologizmima podrazumevaju se ustaljeni spojevi reči koji se odlikuju polileksikalnošću, idiomatičnošću (potpunom ili delimičnom), ustaljenošću, leksikalizovanošću i reprodukovanjem. S obzirom na to da je rad leksikografskog tipa, u analizu su uvršteni frazeologizmi kodifikovani u leksikonima, ali se navode i oni prisutni u razgovornom jeziku. Analizi se pristupa primenom konceptualne i kontrastivne analize. Kako frazeologizmima nisu naglašeni svi aspekti određenog koncepta, najpre utvrđujemo strukturu pojedinačnih koncepata. Svaki greh, odnosno svaki koncept analiziran je sa aspekta konceptualne analize i utvrđeni su kognitivni mehanizmi i načini semantičke transpozicije, te utvrđene sličnosti i razlike u načinu motivisanosti frazeologizama dva jezika. Kao polazni kognitivni mehanizam posmatra se pojmovna metafora, koja neretko deluje umreženo sa drugim kognitivnim mehanizmima ili drugim oblicima motivisanosti frazeologizama. Nakon utvrđivanja pojedinačnih kognitivnih mehanizama za svaki frazeološki par (ili frazeologizam) u okviru tog mehanizma utvrđuju se stepeni ekvivalentnosti primenom kontrastivne analize i to Korhonenovog modela. Frazeologizmi se posmatraju sa aspekta morfosintaksičke strukture, leksičkog sastava, semantike i slikovitosti i utvrđuju se stepeni ekvivelantnosti: potpuna ekvivalentnost, parcijalna ekvivalentnost, parcijalna diferencija (sa morfosintaksičkim, sa leksičkim ili sa leksičkim i morfosintaksičkim razlikama), potpuna diferencija i nulta ekvivalentnost

Viruses in shellfish — food safety risks

Shellfish production in the EU has declined in recent decades, which is not the case with global aquaculture production of shellfish. The trend towards a healthy lifestyle and diet is becoming increasingly topical and often involves the consumption of uncooked shellfish. Unfortunately, sh ellfish can often be contaminated with various pathogens, especially virus-es, which can endanger human health. Among the outbreaks of shellfish-borne viruses, the most notable are those caused by Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV). However, other viruses belonging to the Herpeviridae, Picornaviridae, Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, and Reoviridae can mainly cause intestinal disease in humans after consumption of contami-nated shellfish. The listed viruses have been detected in shellfish worldwide and they are mostly the consequence of sewage-contaminated water. Numerous preventive and control measures are recommended to solve this problem

Some risk factors that affect contamination of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro

Pollution and contamination of the Bay of Kotor ecosystem arise from both anthropogenic sources and natural weathering. In recent decades, a need has arisen for regular control of marine organisms, which are used in human nutrition, because the entire bay is constantly and increasingly exposed to negative anthropogenic impact. Molluscs, including mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), can be involved in foodborne disease. They are filter feeding organisms, able to retain and concentrate in their bodies the bacteria, parasites, viruses and biotoxins of marine algae present in their external environment. A structured field study was undertaken in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro, in order to investigate plausible influence of environmental factors, like rainfall and temperature, on the variability of Escherichia coli and norovirus (NoV). This study focuses on human-derived pathogens that are abundant in sewagerelated sources. We proved the negative correlation between outside temperature and the number of E. coli and the presents of Norovirus in Bay of Kotor mussel. We used this data from the sampling site to discuss options to better manage the risk of contamination of shellfish. From the aspect of food safety, an upgrade of monitoring plans in the future could lead to obtaining safer products

Influence of two different culture media on biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes isolated from a small-scale meat processing facility

In this study, 20 Listeria monocytogenes isolates detected in a food processing environment and food products were tested for biofilm-forming ability in two different culture media: Tryptone Soya Broth and Luria Bertani Broth. Statistical analysis of the data obtained was performed with the MINITAB software package, version 16.0. The two-sample t-test and confidence interval were used for data analysis. Significant differences between the isolates were observed in the ability to form biofilms

Factors influencing mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) nutritional quality

Mussels display interesting nutritional characteristics as they are a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals and provide an almost unlimited variety of fatty acids with beneficial roles in human health. The quality characteristics of Mytilus galloprovincialis mussels harvested at seasonal intervals reflect the different environmental conditions met by the animals during their growth. Their chemical composition is strictly dependent on the phytoplankton resources available and, therefore, on the season of harvest. Parameters such as water temperature, food availability and the gametogenesis cycle can influence the meat yields and the biochemical composition of the mussels, conditioning their commercial quality and organoleptic characteristics. In order to determine the nutritional value of blue mussels, it is of great relevance to identify their biochemical composition as well as the most favourable season and geographical location for mussel-harvesting. That data could be useful to indicate the periods of the year more suitable for the marketing and consumption of mussels

Levels and accumulation of selected heavy metals in the One Health approach

Meat and meat products are main sources of human nutrients, including protein, minerals, vitamins, and fats. One of the main potential risks of meat consumption, to public health, is the accumulation of heavy metals. Their concentrations in the environment are increasing with the rapid development of human civilization as well as the exploitation of geological resources. Because they are so prevalent in the environment, heavy metals can infiltrate the food chain. Food contamination consequently has the potential to negatively impact consumer health. Heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg), that are frequently present in food have toxicological reference values, and their primary dietary sources are known. Their levels in all kinds of food, including meat, are assessed by comparing them with the maximum permissible limits set by the European Union. European Commission Regulation EC 2023/915 sets maximum levels (MLs) of heavy metals allowed in traded meats from domesticated bovine animals, sheep, pigs, and poultry, but also from less frequently eaten meats from wild animals, including cephalopods and bivalve mollusks

Identifying Physiological Stress Biomarkers for Prediction of Pork Quality Variation

Simple Summary Prediction of technological and sensory pork quality-during a pigs life or quickly after slaughter-is increasingly required by the pork industry in order to classify carcasses or primary cuts of carcasses for different production lines. Therefore, there is increasing demand for the development of accurate, reliable, time-efficient, non-invasive, real-time tools for predicting pork and carcass quality characteristics. Based on this, the aim of this study was to assess the potential use of various physiological stress biomarkers as indicators of carcass and meat quality traits in slaughter pigs subjected to the standard marketing conditions and to minimal stressful preslaughter handling. According to the results of this investigation, lactate dehydrogenase can be considered as a useful predictor of pork quality, while cortisol, alanine amino transferase, and albumin could be useful in prediction of carcass quality. Abstract This study assessed the potential use of various physiological stress biomarkers as indicators of carcass and meat quality traits in 240 pigs subjected to the standard marketing conditions and minimal stressful antemortem handling using Pearson correlations. The most important pork quality traits (pH and temperature, water holding capacity, and color) had limited correlations with stress metabolites (lactate, glucose), stress hormones (cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone), stress enzymes (creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase), electrolytes (sodium, chloride), and acute-phase proteins (haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, albumin), indicating poor reliability in predicting pork quality. Albumin level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness. Alanine amino transferase level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, and cold carcass weight. Cortisol level was moderately positively correlated with live weight, hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, and back fat thickness, and moderately negatively correlated with the lean carcass content. Increased lactate dehydrogenase level was moderately correlated with decreased drip and cooking loss. In conclusion, lactate dehydrogenase could help pork producers predict pork quality variation, while cortisol, alanine amino transferase, and albumin could be useful in prediction of carcass quality

Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes growth on vacuum packaged rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with carvacrol and eugenol

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of carvacrol and eugenol, separately and in combination, on survival of Listeria monocytogenes, and sensory and microbiological characteristics in vacuum packaged Oncorhynchus mykiss during refrigerated storage (4 + 1 degrees C) for 20 days. The control fish fillets were analyzed for microbial (total mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria) and sensory properties. Fish fillets treated with carvacrol, eugenol, and their combination displayed populations of L. monocytogenes significantly lower, by 1.35- 2.84 log cfu/g, than the control fillets during the whole storage period. No significant differences between groups of fish fillets with different active compound(s) added were noted except at the end of the storage, when the number of L. monocytogenes was significantly lower in the fish fillets with eugenol added. Sensory analysis showed that fish fillets with eugenol added were the most acceptable to trained panelists

Occurrence of Escherichia coli in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from farms in Boka Kotorska Bay, Southern Adriatic Sea

This study reports the occurrence of Escherichia coli in 243 mussel samples collected along the Boka Kotorska Bay (six harvesting areas), which is located in the Southern Adriatic Sea. Bivalve molluscs can concentrate contaminants from their water environment, so because of that, determination of E. coli levels is an important parameter for microbial pollution assessment in the investigated areas. The number of E. coli ranged between 4600 MPN E. coli/100 g. Statistical analysis of the number of E. coli in mussels established that the mussel farm vl. Duško Vlahović (M5) had the highest mean E. coli levels (949.00 ± 2541 MPN E. coli/100 g), while the lowest mean level was recorded in Boka mussels (M1) (149.20 ± 258.80 MPN E. coli/100 g). Boka Kotorska bay is classified as a Class B mussel production area because it has 32.9% of samples with E. coli MPN values between the 20-230 MPN/100g