Принцип коеволюції в контексті ноосферної концепції В.Вернадського

Досліджується принцип коеволюції людини та природи в контексті ноосферного вчення В.Вернадського. Аналізуються особливості світогляду суспільства ноосферної цивілізації.Исследуется принцип коэволюции человека и природы в контексте ноосферного учения В.Вернадского. Анализуются особенности мировоззрения общества ноосферной цивилизации.The principle of coevolution of person and nature is investigated in the context of noospherian doctrine of V.Vernadsky. The particularities of world view оf society of noospherian civilization are analyzed

Горшкоподібний посуд: етнокультурні взаємовпливи

The article brings complex comparative analitical study in Ukrainian and foreign types of pottery kitchenware with throwing light upon common and different features in forms and decorations of artefacts as well as with definitions of most characteristic notions that underline originality and nature of Ukrainian ceramics in the context of All-European culture

Use of Serum MicroRNAs as Biomarker for Hepatobiliary Diseases in Dogs

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Психолого-педагогічний аналіз комунікативної діяльності педагога

У статті комунікативна діяльність розглядається як структурно-функціональний компонент педагогічної діяльності вчителя, аналізується взаємозв’язок педагогічної й комунікативної задач, розкриваються особливості процесу вирішення комунікативно-педагогічної задачі.In the article communicative activities are considered as structural and functional components of the teacher’s pedagogical activities, the relationship of pedagogical and communicative tasks are analyzed, features of the solution process communicative and pedagogical tasks are revealed

Molecular alterations in dog pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Recently, genetic alterations in the genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit B and D (SDHB and SDHD) were identified in pet dogs that presented with spontaneously arising pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL; together PPGL), suggesting dogs might be an interesting comparative model for the study of human PPGL. To study whether canine PPGL resembled human PPGL, we investigated a series of 50 canine PPGLs by immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of synaptophysin (SYP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA) and B (SDHB). In parallel, 25 canine PPGLs were screened for mutations in SDHB and SDHD by Sanger sequencing. To detect large chromosomal alterations, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays were performed for 11 PPGLs, including cases for which fresh frozen tissue was available. The immunohistochemical markers stained positive in the majority of canine PPGLs. Genetic screening of the canine tumors revealed the previously described variants in four cases; SDHB p.Arg38Gln (n = 1) and SDHD p.Lys122Arg (n = 3). Furthermore, the SNP arrays revealed large chromosomal alterations of which the loss of chromosome 5, partly homologous to human chromosome 1p and chromosome 11, was the most frequent finding (100% of the six cases with chromosomal alterations). In conclusion, canine and human PPGLs show similar genomic alterations, suggestive of common interspecies PPGL-related pathways

Gene Expression Profiling of Histiocytic Sarcomas in a Canine Model: The Predisposed Flatcoated Retriever Dog

Background:The determination of altered expression of genes in specific tumor types and their effect upon cellular processes may create insight in tumorigenesis and help to design better treatments. The Flatcoated retriever is a dog breed with an exceptionally high incidence of histiocytic sarcomas. The breed develops two distinct entities of histiocytic neoplasia, a soft tissue form and a visceral form. Gene expression studies of these tumors have value for comparable human diseases such as histiocytic/dendritic cell sarcoma for which knowledge is difficult to accrue due to their rare occurrence. In addition, such studies may help in the search for genetic aberrations underlying the genetic predisposition in this dog breed.Methods:Microarray analysis and pathway analyses were performed on fresh-frozen tissues obtained from Flatcoated retrievers with localized, soft tissue histiocytic sarcomas (STHS) and disseminated, visceral histiocytic sarcomas (VHS) and on normal canine spleens from various breeds. Expression differences of nine genes were validated with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analyses.Results:QPCR analyses identified the significantly altered expression of nine genes; PPBP, SpiC, VCAM1, ENPEP, ITGAD (down-regulated), and GTSF1, Col3a1, CD90 and LUM (up-regulated) in the comparison of both the soft tissue and the visceral form with healthy spleen. DAVID pathway analyses revealed 24 pathways that were significantly involved in the development of HS in general, most of which were involved in the DNA repair and replication process.Conclusions:This study identified altered expression of nine genes not yet implicated in histiocytic sarcoma manifestations in the dog nor in comparable human histiocytic/dendritic sarcomas. Exploration of the downside effect of canine inbreeding strategies for the study of similar sarcomas in humans might also lead to the identification of genes related to these rare malignancies in the human

Association of circulating microRNA-122 and microRNA-29a with stage of fibrosis and progression of chronic hepatitis in Labrador Retrievers

Background: Chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is common and has the tendency to progress to liver cirrhosis (LC). Circulating microRNAs might have the potential as markers for disease progression. Objectives: To investigate whether concentration of specific microRNAs in serum correlate with the stage and grade of CH in Labrador Retrievers. Animals: Twenty-two Labrador Retrievers with histological CH (n = 8), LC (n = 7), and normal liver (NL, n = 7). Methods: In this retrospective study, serum concentrations of miR-122, miR-29a, miR-133a, miR-181b, and miR-17-5p were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and evaluated using univariate linear regression in dogs. A multivariate model was fit including the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. Results: Of the 5 microRNAs, only circulating miR-122 and miR-29a were significantly associated with the grade of hepatitis and the stage of fibrosis. A positive correlation was identified between the grade of hepatitis with miR-122 (rs = 0.79, P <.001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.78, P <.001). Both miR-122 (rs = 0.81, P <.001) and miR-29a (rs = 0.67, P <.001) showed a significant positive correlation with the stage of fibrosis. MiR-122 concentrations were significantly higher in the CH (P <.01) and LC groups (P <.001) compared to the NL group. MiR-29a concentrations w

Long-Term Adult Feline Liver Organoid Cultures for Disease Modeling of Hepatic Steatosis

Hepatic steatosis is a highly prevalent liver disease, yet research is hampered by the lack of tractable cellular and animal models. Steatosis also occurs in cats, where it can cause severe hepatic failure. Previous studies demonstrate the potential of liver organoids for modeling genetic diseases. To examine the possibility of using organoids to model steatosis, we established a long-term feline liver organoid culture with adult liver stem cell characteristics and differentiation potential toward hepatocyte-like cells. Next, organoids from mouse, human, dog

Molecular alterations in dog pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas

Recently, genetic alterations in the genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit B and D (SDHB and SDHD) were identified in pet dogs that presented with spontaneously arising pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL; together PPGL), suggesting dogs might be an interesting comparative model for the study of human PPGL. To study whether canine PPGL resembled human PPGL, we investigated a series of 50 canine PPGLs by immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of synaptophysin (SYP), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA) and B (SDHB). In parallel, 25 canine PPGLs were screened for mutations in SDHB and SDHD by Sanger sequencing. To detect large chromosomal alterations, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays were performed for 11 PPGLs, including cases for which fresh frozen tissue was available. The immunohistochemical markers stained positive in the majority of canine PPGLs. Genetic screening of the canine tumors revealed the previously described variants in four cases; SDHB p.Arg38Gln (n = 1) and SDHD p.Lys122Arg (n = 3). Furthermore, the SNP arrays revealed large chromosomal alterations of which the loss of chromosome 5, partly homologous to human chromosome 1p and chromosome 11, was the most frequent finding (100% of the six cases with chromosomal alterations). In conclusion, canine and human PPGLs show similar genomic alterations, suggestive of common interspecies PPGL-related pathways

Health effects of some aquatic pollutants in European flounder : Laboratory experiments with emphasis on histopathological and immunological aspects

Triggered by the concern over relative high prevalences of liver tumors, skin ulcers and the viral lymphocystis disease in European flounder (Platichthys flesus) living in Dutch coastal and estuarine waters, an integrated study was initiated to investigate a possible causal relationship between chemical environmental pollution and these diseases. This thesis describes laboratory experiments in which we focused on histopathological and immunological aspects. The following working hypothesis was formulated from the results of previously conducted field and semi-field experiments: Exposure to major environmental chemical contaminants cause adverse health effects in European flounder including: - immunodeficiency, making individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases - induction of (pre)neoplastic liver lesions. European flounder proved to be a good choice for the main purpose of our laboratory experiments: filling the gap between correlative relationships (field surveys) and circumstantial evidence (semi-field study) on one side and causal relationships (laboratory studies) on the other side, linking chemical pollution and diseases in fish. Exposure to bis (tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO), an organotin compound used as a biocide in anti-fouling paints, resulted in a number of effects such as a decrease in percentage of lymphocytes and total lymphocyte number in the spleen and a reduction of the absolute and relative thymus size. Also a decrease of the non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC) activity was recorded that might facilitate the surviving of virus-infected cells and tumor cells due to diminished or absent lysis of such cells by NCCs. In the experiments with 2,3,7,8-tetra-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the structurally related 3,3',4,4',5 pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) also effects with possible repercussions for the effectiveness of the immune system were noted. Oral exposure to TCDD resulted in a trend in thymus size reduction, and oral exposure to PCB-126 resulted in a statistically significant reduction of relative thymus size. In both the TCDD and PCB-126 experiments strong induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) was recorded in several organs and cells, including cells of the hematopoietic system and circulating leukocytes. In literature an association between CYP1A induction and both immunotoxicity and carcinogenesis is suggested. Results from our experiments with TBTO under controlled laboratory conditions using levels that are comparable to high levels in the field indicate that TBTO is indeed a risk factor that may contribute to an increased occurrence of infectious and non-infectious diseases in wild populations. The relevance of the effects recorded in our experiments with TCDD and PCB-126 are more difficult to interpret due to aspects related to the experimental design (e.g. exposure levels, frequency and time), but a contribution of these substances to chemical-induced diseases in the real world is likely. Experiments using juvenile animals or even eggs, that are generally more susceptible to toxic effects, and long-term exposure in the case of carcinogenesis might offer a different perspective. Establishing a functional infection model is an essential prerequisite for validation of the immune status. Unfortunately, our attempts to develop a reproducible and practical infection model with the lymphocystis virus were unsuccessful