Klubkultur - 'den lille forskel'. En praktisk anlagt teoretisk begrebsintroduktion

En praktisk anlagt teoretisk begrebsintroduktion

Idræt og bevægelse i folkeskolen – tid til et nyt perspektiv?

Den danske folkeskole fik med skolereformen i 2014 en gave. En gave, som kan have stor betydning for elevernes læring, sundhed og trivsel. Og på samme tid en gave, som potentielt kan gøre en enorm forskel for fremtidige generationer af børn og unges lyst, mod og forudsætninger for livslang kropslig udfoldelse

Klubkultur - 'den lille forskel'. En praktisk anlagt teoretisk begrebsintroduktion

En praktisk anlagt teoretisk begrebsintroduktion

Fremskrivninger og modelbrug i De Økonomiske Råds sekretariat

I artiklen gives indledningsvist en kort introduktion til modellen SMEC’s opbygning og centrale egenskaber. SMEC har i mange år været anvendt af De Økonomiske Råds sekretariat som arbejdshest, når udviklingen i dansk økonomi er blevet analyseret. Herefter beskrives modellens brug til mellemfristede fremskrivninger, og det beskrives, hvordan disse fremskrivninger kobles med fremskrivninger baseret på DREAM til vurderinger af den langsigtede udvikling på de offentlige finanser

Interplay of NH4+ and BH4- reorientational dynamics in NH4BH4

The reorientational dynamics of ammonium borohydride (NH4BH4) was studied using quasielastic neutron scattering in the temperature interval from 10 to 240 K, which covers both the dynamically ordered and disordered polymorphs of NH4BH4. In the low-temperature (50 K) ordered polymorph of NH4BH4, analysis of the quasielastic neutron scattering data reveals that no reorientational dynamics is present within the probed timescale region of 0.1 to 100 ps. In the high-temperature (50 K) disordered polymorph, the analysis establishes the onset of NH4+ and BH4- dynamics at around 50 and 125 K, respectively. The relaxation time at 150 K for NH4+ is approximately 1 ps, while around 100 ps for BH4- . The NH4+ dynamics at temperatures below 125 K is associated with preferential tetrahedral tumbling motions, where each of the hydrogen atoms in the NH4+ tetrahedron can visit any of the four hydrogen sites, however, reorientations around a specific axis are more frequently occurring (C-2 or C3). At higher temperatures, the analysis does not exclude a possible evolution of the NH4+ dynamics from tetrahedral tumbling to either cubic tumbling, where the hydrogen atoms can visit any of the eight positions corresponding to the corners of a cube, or isotropic rotational diffusion, where the hydrogen atoms can visit any location on the surface of a sphere. The BH4- dynamics can be described as cubic tumbling. The difference in reorientational dynamics between the two ions is related to the difference of the local environment where the dynamically much slower BH4- anion imposes a noncubic environment on the NH4+ cation

Structural and dynamic studies of Pr(11^{11}BH4_{4})3_{3}

Rare earth borohydrides RE (BH4)(3) are studied in the context of energy storage, lumines-cence and magnetic applications. We have investigated the structural behavior of pra-seodymium borohydride Pr ((BH4)-B-11)(3) containing B-11 isotope because of the previously reported negative thermal expansion. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in-situ var-iable temperature synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) and infrared studies reveal that Pr ((BH4)-B-11)(3) undergoes to a volume contraction during the phase tran-sition from alpha alpha-Pr ((BH4)-B-11)(3) to rhombohedral r-Pr ((BH4)-B-11)(3) phase upon heating to 493 K. Surprisingly, the phase transition persists upon cooling at room temperature. Vibrational analysis also shows that the stretching frequency of BH4-3; anion does not change upon heating which indicates that the B-H bond length remains constant during the structural phase transition from alpha-Pr ((BH4)-B-11)(3) to r-Pr ((BH4)-B-11)(3) phase. Additionally, the energy barrier of reorientation motion of the BH4- anion in the alpha-phase was estimated to be ca 23 kJ/mol by quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) and Raman spectroscopy. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

Interplay between the Reorientational Dynamics of the B3H8- Anion and the Structure in KB3H8

The structure and reorientational dynamics of KB3H8 were studied by using quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering, Raman spectroscopy, first-principles calculations, differential scanning calorimetry, and in situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction. The results reveal the existence of a previously unknown polymorph in between the alpha\u27- and beta-polymorphs. Furthermore, it was found that the [B3H8](-) anion undergoes different reorientational motions in the three polymorphs alpha, alpha\u27, and beta. In alpha-KB3H8, the [B3H8](-) anion performs 3-fold rotations in the plane created by the three boron atoms, which changes to a 2-fold rotation around the C-2 symmetry axis of the [B3H8](-) anion upon transitioning to alpha\u27-KB3H8. After transitioning to beta-KB3H8, the [B3H8](-) anion performs 4-fold rotations in the plane created by the three boron atoms, which indicates that the local structure of beta-KB3H8 deviates from the global cubic NaCl-type structure. The results also indicate that the high reorientational mobility of the [B3H8](-) anion facilitates the K+ cation conductivity, since the 2-orders-of-magnitude increase in the anion reorientational mobility observed between 297 and 311 K coincides with a large increase in K+ conductivity

Challenges in Rotor Aerodynamic Modeling for Non-Uniform Inflow Conditions

Within an international collaboration framework, the accuracy of rotor aerodynamic models used for design load calculations of wind turbines is being assessed. Where the use of high-fidelity computation fluid dynamics (CFD) and mid-fidelity free-vortex wake (FVW) models has become commonplace within the wind energy community, these still fail to meet the requirements in terms of execution time and computational cost needed for design load calculations. The fast but engineering fidelity blade-element/momentum (BEM) method can therefore still be considered the industry workhorse for design load simulations. At the same time, upscaling of wind turbine rotors makes inflow non-uniformities (e.g. shear, veer, turbulence) more important. The objective of this work is to assess model accuracy in non-uniform inflow conditions, which violate several BEM assumptions. Thereto a comparison in turbulent inflow has been executed including a wide variety of codes, focusing on the DanAero field measurements, where a 2.3-MW turbine was equipped with, among other sensors, a pressure measurement apparatus. The results indicate that, although average load patterns are in good agreement, this does not hold for the unsteady loads that drive fatigue damage and aeroelastic stability. A simplified comparison round in vertical shear was initiated to investigate the observed differences in a more controlled manner. A consistent offset in load amplitude was observed between CFD and free-vortex codes on the one hand and BEM-type codes on the other hand. To shed more light on the observations, dedicated efforts are ongoing to pinpoint the cause for these differences, in the end leading to guidelines for an improved BEM implementation