5,505 research outputs found
Laboratory tests in patients treated with isotretinoin: occurrence of liver and muscle abnormalities and failure of AST and ALT to predict liver abnormality.
Current laboratory monitoring may not be optimal. A retrospective chart review was performed on thelaboratory results of 246 patients who were treated with isotretinoin for acne over a 9-year period. Tests obtained were CBC, lipid panel, AST, ALT, CK, GGT,and C-reactive protein. Thirty-five patients had an elevated AST and 35 of these had an elevated CK; 32 had an elevated ALT and 11 of these had an elevated CK. Thirteen patients had an elevated GGT; in 5 this was the only abnormality, whereas 8 had a GGT elevation accompanied by an elevated AST or ALT. Two had an elevated GGT and an elevated CK with normal AST and ALT. Fifty-two patients had a single episode of elevated CK, of which 22 were female. However, 57 had multiple CK elevations and only one was female. Thirty-five patients had CK elevationsnormal; 38 had levels between 2 and 3 times normal, 18 had levels between 3 and 4 times normal, and 18 had levels greater than 4 times normal. We suggest that ALT and AST are not useful for monitoring isotretinoin therapy and that GGT and CK may be of greater value in managing patients
A study to determine the incidence and prevalence of newly discovered human immunodeficiency virus infection during the prenatal care period.
OBJECTIVES: This study asked the following questions: 1) Does HIV testing in pregnancy identify women who previously were not known to be HIV positive? 2) When in pregnancy are women identified as HIV infected? 3) Does HIV seroconversion occur during the prenatal care period? METHODS: Medical records of 97 women from two primarily indigent care hospitals in Houston, TX who were found to be HIV positive at delivery were reviewed to determine if they had tested positive during the prenatal care period. Demographics and time of gestation of the prenatal testing also were recorded. The outcome measures were: 1) number of women found positive during prenatal care; 2) week of gestation at discovery of HIV positivity; and 3) number of women seroconverting between the initiation of prenatal care and delivery. RESULTS: Thirty women were known to be HIV positive prior to pregnancy. Fifty-six women were found to be positive during prenatal care and the seropositivity of 44 was discovered before the 34th week of pregnancy. Ten women were found to be positive at their first prenatal visit, which occurred after the 34th week. Date of testing was unknown for two women. Eleven women who received no prenatal care were found to be HIV positive at delivery. There were no seroconversions while women were under prenatal care. CONCLUSIONS: HIV testing at delivery did not find any HIV-positive women who had tested negative during prenatal care. Testing is very important for women who do not receive prenatal care. Making certain that high-risk women get into prenatal care also is very important
Parent-child interaction in Nigerian families: conversation analysis, context and culture
This paper uses a conversation analysis (CA) approach to explore parent child interaction (PCI) within Nigerian families. We illustrate how speech and language therapists (SLTs), by using CA, can tailor recommendations according to the interactional style of each individual family that are consonant with the family’s cultural beliefs. Three parent-child dyads were videoed playing and talking together in their home environments. The analysis uncovered a preference for instructional talk similar to that used in the classroom. Closer examination revealed that this was not inappropriate when considering the context of the activities and their perceived discourse role. Furthermore, this was not necessarily at the expense of responsivity or semantic contingency. The preference for instructional talk appeared to reflect deeply held cultural beliefs about the role of adults and children within the family and it is argued that the cultural paradigm is vitally important to consider when evaluating PCI. Given a potential risk that such young children may be vulnerable in terms of language difficulties, we offer an example of how PCI can be enhanced to encourage language development without disrupting the naturally occurring talk or the underlying purpose of the interaction
Probing the extreme realm of AGN feedback in the massive galaxy cluster, RX J1532.9+3021
We present a detailed Chandra, XMM-Newton, VLA and HST analysis of one of the
strongest cool core clusters known, RX J1532.9+3021 (z=0.3613). Using new, deep
90 ks Chandra observations, we confirm the presence of a western X-ray cavity
or bubble, and report on a newly discovered eastern X-ray cavity. The total
mechanical power associated with these AGN-driven outflows is (22+/-9)*10^44
erg/s, and is sufficient to offset the cooling, indicating that AGN feedback
still provides a viable solution to the cooling flow problem even in the
strongest cool core clusters. Based on the distribution of the optical
filaments, as well as a jet-like structure seen in the 325 MHz VLA radio map,
we suggest that the cluster harbours older outflows along the north to south
direction. The jet of the central AGN is therefore either precessing or
sloshing-induced motions have caused the outflows to change directions. There
are also hints of an X-ray depression to the north aligned with the 325 MHz
jet-like structure, which might represent the highest redshift ghost cavity
discovered to date. We further find evidence of a cold front (r=65kpc) that
coincides with the outermost edge of the western X-ray cavity and the edge of
the radio mini-halo. The common location of the cold front with the edge of the
radio mini-halo supports the idea that the latter originates from electrons
being reaccelerated due to sloshing induced turbulence. Alternatively, its
coexistence with the edge of the X-ray cavity may be due to cool gas being
dragged out by the outburst. We confirm that the central AGN is highly
sub-Eddington and conclude that a >10^10M_Sun or a rapidly spinning black hole
is favoured to explain both the radiative-inefficiency of the AGN and the
powerful X-ray cavities.Comment: Accepted for publication to ApJ (minor corrections), 16 pages, 16
figures, 5 tables. Full resolution at http://www.stanford.edu/~juliehl/M1532
Fission product behavior in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment
Essentially all the fission product data for numerous and varied samples taken during operation of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment or as part of the examination of specimens removed after particular phases of operation are reported, together with the appropriate inventory or other basis of comparison, and relevant reactor parameters and conditions. Fission product behavior fell into distinct chemical groups. Evidence for fission product behavior during operation over a period of 26 months with U fuel (more than 9000 effective full-power hours) was consistent with behavior during operation using U fuel over a period of about 15 months (more than 5100 effective full- power hours). (auth
The Determination of Nuclear Level Densities from Experimental Information -
A novel Information Theory based method for determining the density of states
from prior information is presented. The energy dependence of the density of
states is determined from the observed number of states per energy interval and
model calculations suggest that the method is sufficiently reliable to
calculate the thermal properties of nuclei over a reasonable temperature range.Comment: 7 pages + 6 eps figures, REVTEX 3.
Level density of Fe and low-energy enhancement of -strength function
The MnFe differential cross section is measured at
MeV\@. The Fe level density obtained from neutron evaporation spectra is
compared to the level density extracted from the
FeHe,Fe reaction by the Oslo-type technique.
Good agreement is found between the level densities determined by the two
methods. With the level density function obtained from the neutron evaporation
spectra, the Fe -strength function is also determined from the
first-generation matrix of the Oslo experiment. The good agreement
between the past and present results for the -strength function
supports the validity of both methods and is consistent with the low-energy
enhancement of the strength below MeV first discovered by the
Oslo method in iron and molybdenum isotopes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
Microwave saturation of the Rydberg states of electrons on helium
We present measurements of the resonant microwave excitation of the Rydberg
energy levels of surface state electrons on superfluid helium. The temperature
dependent linewidth agrees well with theoretical predictions and is very small
below 300 mK. Absorption saturation and power broadening were observed as the
fraction of electrons in the first excited state was increased to 0.49, close
to the thermal excitation limit of 0.5. The Rabi frequency was determined as a
function of microwave power. The high values of the ratio of the Rabi frequency
to linewidth confirm this system as an excellent candidate for creating qubits.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Intersubband plasmons in quasi-one-dimensional electron systems on a liquid helium surface
The collective excitation spectra are studied for a multisubband
quasi-one-dimensional electron gas on the surface of liquid helium. Different
intersubband plasmon modes are identified by calculating the spectral weight
function of the electron gas within a 12 subband model. Strong intersubband
coupling and depolarization shifts are found. When the plasmon energy is close
to the energy differences between two subbands, Landau damping in this finite
temperature system leads to plasmon gaps at small wavevectors.Comment: To be published as a Rapid Communication in Phys. Rev.
Psip1/Ledgf p75 restrains<i>Hox</i>gene expression by recruiting both trithorax and polycomb group proteins
Trithorax and polycomb group proteins are generally thought to antagonize one another. The trithorax familymember MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixedlineage leukemia) is presumed to activate Hox expression, counteracting polycomb-mediated repression. PC4 and SF2 interacting protein 1 (PSIP1)/p75, also known as LEDGF, whose PWWP domain binds to H3K36me3, interacts with MLL and tethers MLL fusion proteins toHOXA9 in leukaemias. Here we show, unexpectedly, that Psip1/p75 regulates homeotic genes by recruiting not only MLL complexes, but also the polycomb group protein Bmi1. In Psip1-/- cells binding of Mll1/2, Bmi1 and the co-repressor Ctbp1 at Hox loci are all abrogated and Hoxa and Hoxd mRNA expression increased. Our data not only reveal a potential mechanism of action for Psip1 in the regulation of Hox genes but also suggest an unexpected interplay between proteins usually considered as transcriptional activators and repressors. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research
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