Entanglement between more than two hundred macroscopic atomic ensembles in a solid

We create a multi-partite entangled state by storing a single photon in a crystal that contains many large atomic ensembles with distinct resonance frequencies. The photon is re-emitted at a well-defined time due to an interference effect analogous to multi-slit diffraction. We derive a lower bound for the number of entangled ensembles based on the contrast of the interference and the single-photon character of the input, and we experimentally demonstrate entanglement between over two hundred ensembles, each containing a billion atoms. In addition, we illustrate the fact that each individual ensemble contains further entanglement. Our results are the first demonstration of entanglement between many macroscopic systems in a solid and open the door to creating even more complex entangled states.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures; see also parallel submission by Frowis et a

Adenoma de la glándula del tercer párpado en el perro

The third eyelid (Nictitating Membrane) is located in the medial edge of the eye. It is a conjunctiva fold with a T-shaped cartilaginous skeleton, with a seromucous gland that envelops the base of the cartilage. The inner surface of the conjunctiva presents a cluster of lymphoid follicles. The gland is seromucous and has been described that produces 30% of the aqueous tear film. The 3rd eyelid may be affected by congenital abnormalities, such as dermoid and eversion of the cartilage, and acquired diseases, such as prolapse or protrusion of the gland, follicular conjunctivitis and neoplasia. The protrusion of the gland over the free edge of the third eyelid is described by its macroscopic form as "cherry eye" (Haws syndrome) and may correspond to inflammatory hyperplasia, displacement or prolapse of the gland, or neoplasm. The gland is "Prolapsed" when it exceeds the bands of connective tissue that fixed to the periorbital tissue. It describes the case of a male dog, Cocker spaniel, 5 years old, patient treated in Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, University of Chile. In the medial edge of the right eye showed a congestive increase in volume, conjunctivitis, blepharospasm and epiphora. The diagnosis, rule out prolapse of the gland because of hyperplasia inflammatory, by the age of the patient, because this is more common in younger individuals, and responds to local medical therapy. The gradual course from 3 years to 5 years, guided to a chronic disease, neoplasia, as the most likely. It was decided to perform the excision of the affected gland, under a protocol of general anesthesia composed ofAtropine, Propofol, and Isofluorano. Escicional biopsy, with histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin staining), showed an sebaceous gland epithelium; highly differentiate, with moderate vascularization. The not encapsulated growth has well-defined edges, with surgical free margins. Histopathological diagnosis: Sebaceous gland adenoma.El tercer párpado (membrana nictitante) se sitúa en el canto medial del ojo. Es un repliegue de conjuntiva con esqueleto cartilaginoso en forma de T, en relación al cual se ubica una glándula seromucosa envolviendo la base del cartílago. La cara interna de la conjuntiva presenta gran número de folículos linfoides en superficie. La glándula es sero-mucosa y se ha descrito que produce el 30% de la película lagrimal acuosa. Existen razas en las que por conformación anatómica hay una protrusión parcial continua, perros de ojos muy expuestos y párpados inferiores caídos (Cocker, Basset, Beagle y otros). El tercer parpado puede ser afectado por enfermedades congénitas, como dermoides y eversión del cartílago, y por enfermedades adquiridas, como la protrusión o prolapso de la glándula, conjuntivitis folicular y neoplasias. Las condiciones que significan protrusión de la glándula sobre el borde libre del tercer párpado son denominadas por su forma macroscópica como "ojo de cereza" (síndrome de Haws) y pueden corresponder a hiperplasia inflamatoria, desplazamiento o prolapso de la glándula, o neoplasias. La glándula se "prolapsa" cuando sobrepasa las bandas de tejido conectivo que la fijan a los tejidos periorbitales. Se describe el caso de un perro, macho, de raza Cocker de 5 años, paciente atendido en el Servicio de Cirugía de la Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias y Pecuarias de la Universidad de Chile. En el canto medial del ojo derecho presentaba un aumento de volumen congestivo, conjuntivitis, y epifora. El diagnostico diferencial, por la edad del paciente, descartó la hiperplasia inflamatoria, más frecuentes en los individuos jóvenes, de pocos meses, que responde a terapia medica local. El curso paulatino desde los 3 años a los 5 años, orientó a una patología crónica, neoplasia, como el más probable. Se decidió realizar la exéresis de la glándula afectada, bajo un protocolo de anestesia general compuesto de Atropina, Propofol, e Isofluorano. La biopsia escisional, al examen histopatológico, (tinción Hematoxilina-Eosina), mostró un epitelio glandular sebáceo sin atipia; altamente diferenciado, con vascularización moderada, un crecimiento no encapsulado, pero bien definido, de bordes quirúrgicos libres. Diagnostico histopatológico: Adenoma de glándula sebácea

Adenoma de la glándula del tercer párpado en el perro

The third eyelid (Nictitating Membrane) is located in the medial edge of the eye. It is a conjunctiva fold with a T-shaped cartilaginous skeleton, with a seromucous gland that envelops the base of the cartilage. The inner surface of the conjunctiva presents a cluster of lymphoid follicles. The gland is seromucous and has been described that produces 30% of the aqueous tear film. The 3rd eyelid may be affected by congenital abnormalities, such as dermoid and eversion of the cartilage, and acquired diseases, such as prolapse or protrusion of the gland, follicular conjunctivitis and neoplasia. The protrusion of the gland over the free edge of the third eyelid is described by its macroscopic form as "cherry eye" (Haws syndrome) and may correspond to inflammatory hyperplasia, displacement or prolapse of the gland, or neoplasm. The gland is "Prolapsed" when it exceeds the bands of connective tissue that fixed to the periorbital tissue. It describes the case of a male dog, Cocker spaniel, 5 years old, patient treated in Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, University of Chile. In the medial edge of the right eye showed a congestive increase in volume, conjunctivitis, blepharospasm and epiphora. The diagnosis, rule out prolapse of the gland because of hyperplasia inflammatory, by the age of the patient, because this is more common in younger individuals, and responds to local medical therapy. The gradual course from 3 years to 5 years, guided to a chronic disease, neoplasia, as the most likely. It was decided to perform the excision of the affected gland, under a protocol of general anesthesia composed ofAtropine, Propofol, and Isofluorano. Escicional biopsy, with histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin staining), showed an sebaceous gland epithelium; highly differentiate, with moderate vascularization. The not encapsulated growth has well-defined edges, with surgical free margins. Histopathological diagnosis: Sebaceous gland adenoma.El tercer párpado (membrana nictitante) se sitúa en el canto medial del ojo. Es un repliegue de conjuntiva con esqueleto cartilaginoso en forma de T, en relación al cual se ubica una glándula seromucosa envolviendo la base del cartílago. La cara interna de la conjuntiva presenta gran número de folículos linfoides en superficie. La glándula es sero-mucosa y se ha descrito que produce el 30% de la película lagrimal acuosa. Existen razas en las que por conformación anatómica hay una protrusión parcial continua, perros de ojos muy expuestos y párpados inferiores caídos (Cocker, Basset, Beagle y otros). El tercer parpado puede ser afectado por enfermedades congénitas, como dermoides y eversión del cartílago, y por enfermedades adquiridas, como la protrusión o prolapso de la glándula, conjuntivitis folicular y neoplasias. Las condiciones que significan protrusión de la glándula sobre el borde libre del tercer párpado son denominadas por su forma macroscópica como "ojo de cereza" (síndrome de Haws) y pueden corresponder a hiperplasia inflamatoria, desplazamiento o prolapso de la glándula, o neoplasias. La glándula se "prolapsa" cuando sobrepasa las bandas de tejido conectivo que la fijan a los tejidos periorbitales. Se describe el caso de un perro, macho, de raza Cocker de 5 años, paciente atendido en el Servicio de Cirugía de la Facultad de Cs. Veterinarias y Pecuarias de la Universidad de Chile. En el canto medial del ojo derecho presentaba un aumento de volumen congestivo, conjuntivitis, y epifora. El diagnostico diferencial, por la edad del paciente, descartó la hiperplasia inflamatoria, más frecuentes en los individuos jóvenes, de pocos meses, que responde a terapia medica local. El curso paulatino desde los 3 años a los 5 años, orientó a una patología crónica, neoplasia, como el más probable. Se decidió realizar la exéresis de la glándula afectada, bajo un protocolo de anestesia general compuesto de Atropina, Propofol, e Isofluorano. La biopsia escisional, al examen histopatológico, (tinción Hematoxilina-Eosina), mostró un epitelio glandular sebáceo sin atipia; altamente diferenciado, con vascularización moderada, un crecimiento no encapsulado, pero bien definido, de bordes quirúrgicos libres. Diagnostico histopatológico: Adenoma de glándula sebácea

Removal of aromatic amines and decolourisation of azo dye baths by electrochemical treatment

The presence of aromatic amines in effluent from dyeing processes of the textile industry is an added problem to the high coloration typical of this type of effluent. The main objective of the present work was to eliminate these two problems simultaneously by electrochemical treatment using bath solutions containing three azo dyes. For the analysis of amines, a liquid–liquid extraction method was developed as an easier and faster alternative to the method described in the standards and widely used in analytical laboratories. Four amines (aniline, o-toluidine, 4-chloroaniline and 4-aminobiphenyl) were detected by GC-MS in the residual azo dye baths. A total amine concentration of between 2.5 and 1 ppm was detected, 4-aminobiphenyl being the main compound. Both residual colour and amines were removed by electrochemical treatment carried out at three current densities (3, 24 and 40 mA/cm2). At 24 mA/cm2, more than 90% of colour removal was achieved, and the total amine concentration was reduced to below 0.15 ppm.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Dielectric relaxation spectrum of poly (ε-caprolactone) networks hydrophilized by copolymerization with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate

The dielectric relaxation spectrum of polycaprolactone (PCL) networks hydrophilized with different amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) is investigated. PCL is a semicrystalline polyester with a complex relaxation spectrum that includes the main α relaxation and two secondary modes (β, γ) at lower temperatures. The overlapping of the different relaxational modes was split by using several Havriliak-Negami functions. Crosslinking the material modifies the dynamics of the main relaxation process as reflected by the parameters that characterize the Vogel behavior of the process and the dynamic fragility. The incorporation of HEA units in the network results in a material with microphase separation: two α processes are detected, the one corresponding to the PCL chains and the new one associated to nanometric regions that contain different amount of both comonomers. The incorporation of the HEA units in the system involves the presence of a new βsw relaxation due to the link of two side chains by water molecules through hydrogen bonding

Entanglement and nonlocality between disparate solid-state quantum memories mediated by photons

Entangling quantum systems with different characteristics through the exchange of photons is a prerequisite for building future quantum networks. Proving the presence of entanglement between quantum memories for light working at different wavelengths furthers this goal. Here, we report on a series of experiments with a thulium-doped crystal, serving as a quantum memory for 794-nm photons, an erbium-doped fiber, serving as a quantum memory for telecommunication-wavelength photons at 1535 nm, and a source of photon pairs created via spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Characterizing the photons after re-emission from the two memories, we find nonclassical correlations with a cross-correlation coefficient of g12(2)=53±8; entanglement preserving storage with input-output fidelity of FIO≈93±2%; and nonlocality featuring a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality with S=2.6±0.2. Our proof-of-principle experiment shows that entanglement persists while propagating through different solid-state quantum memories operating at different wavelengths.QID/Tittel GroupBUS/TNO STAFFQuantum Communications La