El hormigón en el Templo de la Sagrada Familia

A lo largo de la construcción de la Sagrada Familia el hormigón ha representado una respuesta a las necesidades de obra desde su introducción en 1918. Se ha usado hormigón en masa, armado y prefabricado. Desde 1998 se utiliza Hormigón de Alta Resistencia

El hormigón en el Templo de la Sagrada Familia

A lo largo de la construcción de la Sagrada Familia el hormigón ha representado una respuesta a las necesidades de obra desde su introducción en 1918. Se ha usado hormigón en masa, armado y prefabricado. Desde 1998 se utiliza Hormigón de Alta Resistencia

Proyecto y construccion del cierre del ábside de la Sagrada Familia

Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Atopic dermatitis and indoor use of energy sources in cooking and heating appliances

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence has considerably increased worldwide in recent years. Studying indoor environments is particularly relevant, especially in industrialised countries where many people spend 80% of their time at home, particularly children. This study is aimed to identify the potential association between AD and the energy source (biomass, gas and electricity) used for cooking and domestic heating in a Spanish schoolchildren population. Methods: As part of the ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) phase III study, a cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted with 21,355 6-to-7-year-old children from 8 Spanish ISAAC centres. AD prevalence, environmental risk factors and the use of domestic heating/cooking devices were assessed using the validated ISAAC questionnaire. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (cOR, aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained. A logistic regression analysis was performed (Chi-square test, p-value < 0.05). Results: It was found that the use of biomass systems gave the highest cORs, but only electric cookers showed a significant cOR of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.01-1.27). When the geographical area and the mother’s educational level were included in the logistic model, the obtained aOR values differed moderately from the initial cORs. Electric heating was the only type which obtained a significant aOR (1.13; 95% CI: 1.00-1.27). Finally, the model with all selected confounding variables (sex, BMI, number of siblings, mother’s educational level, smoking habits of parents, truck traffic and geographical area), showed aOR values which were very similar to those obtained in the previous adjusted logistic analysis. None of the results was statistically significant, but the use of electric heating showed an aOR close to significance (1.14; 95% CI: 0.99-1.31). Conclusion: In our study population, no statistically significant associations were found between the type of indoor energy sources used and the presence of AD

El hormigón en el Templo de la Sagrada Familia

A lo largo de la construcción de la Sagrada Familia el hormigón ha representado una respuesta a las necesidades de obra desde su introducción en 1918. Se ha usado hormigón en masa, armado y prefabricado. Desde 1998 se utiliza Hormigón de Alta Resistencia

The use of concrete in Gaudi's Sagrada Familia

Despite its unfinished state, the Temple of the Holy Family, or Sagrada Familia, is Antoni Gaudi’s most widely recognized work and one of the most important milestones in the development of Catalan Modernism at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article aims to analyze the role played by concrete in the three different stages of the construction process and to illustrate the uniqueness of the Sagrada Familia. Reinforced concrete started being used in the building’s construction in 1918 to resist the tensions produced in the pinnacles of the facade. From that moment on, mass concrete, reinforced concrete, and prefabricated concrete have been used in response to the needs that have arisen. Lately, following in Gaudi’s innovative spirit, the latest advances in building technologies have been introduced in the Sagrada Familia . An example of this innovation is the use of high-strength concrete since 1998.Postprint (published version

Gaudi and reinforced concrete in construction

The first two decades of the 20th century witnessed the introduction and expansion of reinforced concrete as a building material in Spain. Few years passed between the introduction of the first patents in the most industrialized areas of the Iberian Peninsula and the subsequent generalization of the technique through scientific knowledge obtained in universities. This period coincides almost completely with the professional career of Antoni Gaudí, one of the most famous Catalan architects. This study reports that Gaudí had contact with this new material and discusses the transition he made from the traditional construction methods to the use of reinforced concrete in his later works. Placing the starting point in the relationship between Antonio Gaudí and the industrialists who built the first cement factories in Catalonia (especially Eusebi Güell), the research on the patents to which he had access are presented and the characteristics of his works with reinforced structures and materials are described.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

The use of concrete in Gaudi's Sagrada Familia

Despite its unfinished state, the Temple of the Holy Family, or Sagrada Familia, is Antoni Gaudi’s most widely recognized work and one of the most important milestones in the development of Catalan Modernism at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article aims to analyze the role played by concrete in the three different stages of the construction process and to illustrate the uniqueness of the Sagrada Familia. Reinforced concrete started being used in the building’s construction in 1918 to resist the tensions produced in the pinnacles of the facade. From that moment on, mass concrete, reinforced concrete, and prefabricated concrete have been used in response to the needs that have arisen. Lately, following in Gaudi’s innovative spirit, the latest advances in building technologies have been introduced in the Sagrada Familia . An example of this innovation is the use of high-strength concrete since 1998

The use of concrete in Gaudi's Sagrada Familia

Despite its unfinished state, the Temple of the Holy Family, or Sagrada Familia, is Antoni Gaudi’s most widely recognized work and one of the most important milestones in the development of Catalan Modernism at the beginning of the twentieth century. This article aims to analyze the role played by concrete in the three different stages of the construction process and to illustrate the uniqueness of the Sagrada Familia. Reinforced concrete started being used in the building’s construction in 1918 to resist the tensions produced in the pinnacles of the facade. From that moment on, mass concrete, reinforced concrete, and prefabricated concrete have been used in response to the needs that have arisen. Lately, following in Gaudi’s innovative spirit, the latest advances in building technologies have been introduced in the Sagrada Familia . An example of this innovation is the use of high-strength concrete since 1998

Gaudi and reinforced concrete in construction

The first two decades of the 20th century witnessed the introduction and expansion of reinforced concrete as a building material in Spain. Few years passed between the introduction of the first patents in the most industrialized areas of the Iberian Peninsula and the subsequent generalization of the technique through scientific knowledge obtained in universities. This period coincides almost completely with the professional career of Antoni Gaudí, one of the most famous Catalan architects. This study reports that Gaudí had contact with this new material and discusses the transition he made from the traditional construction methods to the use of reinforced concrete in his later works. Placing the starting point in the relationship between Antonio Gaudí and the industrialists who built the first cement factories in Catalonia (especially Eusebi Güell), the research on the patents to which he had access are presented and the characteristics of his works with reinforced structures and materials are described.Peer Reviewe