Real estate market activity in Slovenia in 2000-2006

This paper examines a particular aspect of Slovenian real estate market that is still developing -real estate market activity. Only two decades ago, Slovenia still had a socialist, planned economy, so there is a lack of tradition in the fields of both the real estate market and analysis of that market. The former only started to develop with the transition to the market-oriented economy in the beginning of the 1990s. Significant progress was observed in the second half of the 1990s, due to the favourable economic development of the country. In our research, we focused on the real estate market development in the 2000-2006 period, which was marked by major changes in legislation and other institutional backgrounds, directly or indirectly referring to the field of real estate and real property. The development of the real estate market in Slovenia was examined for a given period on the basis of the available market data, which have been acquired from the Tax Administration of the Republic of Slovenia; the real estate market activity development is analysed by statistical regions and types of real estate. The results show general developments in the Slovenian real estate market for the given period and, in particular, the influence of institutional and legal factors on real estate market activity

Investigation and development of thin diamond detectors

Iznimna električna, optička, toplinska i mehanička svojstva čine dijamant materijalom koji bi u skoroj budućnosti mogao zamijeniti siliciji u standardnoj upotrebi za izradu raznih elektroničkih sklopova, ali i detektora zračenja. Ključnu ulogu pritom ima napredak u proizvodnji umjetnih dijamantnih kristala postupkom kemijske depozicije ugljika iz parne faze (CVD). U ovom je radu razvijen transmisijski dijamantni detektor koji istovremeno služi i kao vakuumski prozor za izlaz ubzanih iona iz vakuumskog sustava ionskog ubrzivača u atmosferu. Uređaj se temelji na ultra-tankoj dijamantnoj membrani proizvedenoj jetkanjem debljeg CVD dijamantnog uzorka Ar-O2 plazmom. Zahvaljujući visokoj tvrdoći dijamanta, 6 mikrometara debela membrana u stanju je podnijeti znatno naprezanje uslijed razlike u tlakovima od 1 bar. Metalizacijom nasuprotnih strana dijamantne membrane i uspostavom električnog polja unutar detektora dolazi do stvaranja mjerljivog električnog signala pri upadu nabijenih čestica. Ostvarena, gotovo 100%-tna efikasnost detekcije čak i za ubrzane protone, vrlo je bitna kad se uzorci postavljeni izvan vakuumske komore žele ozračiti točnim brojem čestica, kao što je slučaj kod npr. ozračivanja živih stanica pojedinačnim ionima. Također, testovi otpornosti na zračenje pokazali su očekivano bolje ponašanje 6 mikormetarskog dijamantnog detektora u odnosu na 50 mikrometarski dijamantni i silicijski detektor, zbog čega je njegova primjena moguća i u uvjetima velikih struja čestica. Ipak, uočeni efekt polarizacije dijamantnih detektora predstavlja za sada nepremostivi problem pri detekciji teških iona kratkog dosega. Tada dolazi do djelomičnog poništenja narinutog električnog polja pa signal iz detektora opada.Because of the outstanding electrical, optical, thermal and mechanical properties, diamond is considered as a potential substitute that could replace silicon in production of standard electronic devices. A large success in growth of high quality synthetic diamonds by the chemical vapour deposition method has initiated research directed towards the application of this material for construction of charged particle detectors. In the present work, the development and analysis of a novel transmission diamond detector, based on the ultra-thin diamond membrane, are described. The 6 μm thick membrane was prepared by Ar-O2 plasma etching and serves simultaneously as a vacuum window which enables the extraction of the ion beam from the vacuum system of the accelerator into the atmosphere. Metallization of the opposite surfaces on the membrane allows for the electric field to be applied to the bulk of diamond plate. An impinging ion produces now a measurable electrical signal that can be recorded by standard electronic chain. A hit detection efficiency of close to 100%, even for energetic protons, makes the device ideal for applications that require accurate and controlled dose delivery to a sample that is placed outside of the vacuum chamber. Moreover, the results of the radiation-hardness test indicate a wider possible range of device applications, including those that involve high currents of charged particles or long exposure to radiation. However, the detection of short range ions is disturbed by the polarization effect which occurs due to deep level traps that are present in even the best quality diamond crystals

Problem prevzemanja besedišča pod vplivom globalizacije

V današnjem času zaradi globalizacije občutimo velik pritisk besed, ki prihajajo v slovenščino iz tujih jezikov, predvsem iz angleščine. Že prej si je morala slovenščina ustvariti svoj prostor med jeziki z veliko več govorci. Danes se ob hitrem razvoju tehnologije in nastajanju novih ved pojavljajo novi globalni izrazi, za katere težko najdemo domače ustreznice, preden se uveljavijo tuje besede. Mnogi odrasli ne dohajajo hitrega širjenja informacij in ne razumejo najbolje novega besedišča, ki se uveljavlja na spletnih straneh in družbenih omrežjih. Razumejo kontekst, v katerem se izraz pojavi, vendar ne poznajo njegovega natančnega pomena. V skrbi za svoj jezik bi se morali kljub močnim pritiskom globalizacije več izražati s slovenskimi izrazi, ki so Slovencem še vedno najbolj razumljivi

Proton and alpha radiation-induced mutational profiles in human cells

Ionizing radiation is known to be DNA damaging and mutagenic, however less is known about which mutational footprints result from exposures of human cells to different types of radiation. We were interested in the mutagenic effects of particle radiation exposures on genomes of various human cell types, in order to gauge the genotoxic risks of galactic cosmic radiation, and of certain types of tumor radiotherapy. To this end, we exposed cultured cell lines from the human blood, breast and lung to fractionated proton and alpha particle (helium nuclei) beams at doses sufficient to considerably affect cell viability. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that mutation rates were not overall markedly increased upon proton and alpha exposures. However, there were modest changes in mutation spectra and distributions, such as the increases in clustered mutations and of certain types of indels and structural variants. The spectrum of mutagenic effects of particle beams may be cell-type and/or genetic background specific. Overall, the mutational effects of repeated exposures to proton and alpha radiation on human cells in culture appear subtle, however further work is warranted to understand effects of long-term exposures on various human tissues.© 2023. The Author(s)