Preliminary results of the Vega 1 and Vega 2 optical investigation of aerosol in the atmosphere of Venus at 30-60 KM

Aerosol concentration profiles were measured by an aerosol spectrometer above the landing sites of the Vega 1 and Vega 2 landers. Approximately the same altitude zones were found as in previous experiments: a three-layered basic cloud cover, an intermediate zone and subcloud haze. There were significant quantitative differences in the concentrations of particles, however, and especially in the spectra of their dimensions. Nightglow was found in the troposphere of Venus at a wavelength of about 1 micron. The backscatter coefficient and the extinction coefficient change very little between 32 and 63 km. Large numbers of submicron particles apparently exist in the atmosphere above the landing sites

On bi-integrable natural Hamiltonian systems on the Riemannian manifolds

We introduce the concept of natural Poisson bivectors, which generalizes the Benenti approach to construction of natural integrable systems on the Riemannian manifolds and allows us to consider almost the whole known zoo of integrable systems in framework of bi-hamiltonian geometry.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX with AMSfonts (some new references were added

Impact of institutional factors on forming a social capital of commercial, state and municipal organizations

Objective: to describe the structure of social capital and the influence of institutional factors on its formation in the frame-work of the concept of atomism.Methods: abstract-logical and dialectical methods.Results: the key link of social capital networks is considered to be a person as an atom, the primary subject, who is the owner and user of social capital. The main structural elements of a person as an atom of social capital are highlighted in terms of their interactions with other economic subjects.Scientific novelty: the notion of the atom of social capital is introduced; by describing the key areas of human interactions with other people (exchanging benefits through transactions and changes in the level of trust after each episode of interaction), the following structural elements of social capital were allocated: 1) personality characteristics related to nationality, citizenship, and religion; 2) ancestral and family ties; 3) needs, characteristics of labor activity, property relations, in which people are involved. It is shown that the process of social capital accumulation is limited by formal and informal rules in the form of an institutional environment in which a person lives and works as an atom of social capital.Practical significance: the presented vision of social capital will reduce the level of uncertainty for economic subjects in terms of building interactions with counterparties. The results of the article can be used in the formation of state policy in relation to commercial, state and municipal organizations

ABOUT AN OPTIMIZATION OF SURGICAL TACTICS OF PANCREATONECROSIS

An. analysis of treatment of 174 patients with acute pancreatonecrosis with use of low-invasive surgical interventions (laparoscopic and puncture-draining surgery) was realized. It is shown that the efficiency of low-invasive surgery for pancreatonecrosis depends on the spread of pathological process. The use of step-by-step approach with use of low-invasive technologies as a start method greatly improves the results of treatment of patients with pancreatonecrosis. For limited forms of pancreatonecrosis low-invasive surgery is the method of choice, and. this surgical approach plays one of the leading roles in improving of treatment outcomes in the population of patients with pancreatonecrosis

Infra-Red Stable Supersymmetry in Chern-Simons Theories with Matter and Quenched Disorder

We study Abelian Chern-Simons field theories with matter fields and global SU(N) symmetry in the presence of random weak quenched disorder. In the absence of disorder these theories possess N=2 supersymmetric fixed points and N=1 supersymmetric fixed lines in the infra-red limit. We show that although the presence of disorder forbids any supersymmetry of the bare action, infra-red stable supersymmetric fixed points and fixed lines are realized in the disorder-averaged effective theories.Comment: 8 pp., LaTeX. Explanatory remarks and references added. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Coherent pion production in proton-deuteron collisions

Values of the proton analysing power in the $pd\to{}^{3}\textrm{He}\,\pi^0/^{3}\textrm{H}\,\pi^+$ reactions at 350-360~MeV per nucleon were obtained by using a polarised proton beam incident on a deuterium cluster-jet target and with a polarised deuteron beam incident on a target cell filled with polarised hydrogen. These results have a much larger angular coverage than existing data. First measurements are also presented of the deuteron vector analysing power and the deuteron-proton spin correlations. Data were also obtained on the deuteron-proton spin correlation and proton analysing power at small angles at 600~MeV per nucleon, though the angular coverage at this energy was much more restricted even when using a deuteron beam. By combining the extrapolated values of the spin correlations to the forward or backward directions with published measurements of the deuteron tensor analysing powers, the relative phases between the two non-vanishing amplitudes were evaluated.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

First measurements of spin correlations in the np -> d pi^0 reaction

The transverse spin correlations Axx and Ayy in the np-> d pi^0 reaction have been measured for the first time in quasi-free kinematics at the COSY-ANKE facility using a polarised deuteron beam incident on a polarised hydrogen cell target. The results obtained for neutron energies close to 353 MeV and 600 MeV are in good agreement with the partial wave analysis of data on the isospin-related pp-> d pi^+ reaction, though the present results cover also the small-angle region, which was largely absent from these data