Verbal extremism as a form of verbal influence on the recipient

This paper determines through the linguistic analysis the possibilities of verbal extremism aimed at manipulation with the actions and behavior of the recipient. The texts presented online in the Internet telecommunication network are investigated. The communicative attitudes to the control over the recipient's behavior, as well as the linguistic features of their implementation in the text are reveale

Microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis: diversity and clinical and diagnostic significance

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infectious non-inflammatory disease in women of reproductive age. The key feature of BV is that in the  absence of a specific pathogen, the disease develops against the background of vaginal biotope dysbiosis. According to the opinion of some authors, initially, the main role of BV in the pathogenesis was assigned to the species G. vaginalis. However, using of molecular methods made it possible to significantly expand the range of microorganisms found in women with BV, and to identify Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, Mobiluncus spp., Prevotella spp. as the primary causative agents of BV. A number of studies have confirmed the sexual transmission of BV pathogens, with a new sexual partner being significant risk factors for episodic BV, and sexual contact with the same partner without using barrier methods of contraception for recurrent BV. At the same time, BV-associated bacterias  rarely exist as planktonic forms of one species, more often, they thrive in complex polymicrobial communities surrounded by an extracellular matrix, the so-called biofilms. In patients with BV, biofilms are detected in 90% of cases. G. vaginalis and Prevotella bivia are widespread in women with BV and, being the primary colonizers, create a bacterial biofilm, to which secondary colonizers can subsequently join, including A. vaginae, Sneathia spp. and potentially other BVABs. The resistance of bacterias in the biofilm to antimicrobial drugs is 1000 times higher than of planktonic forms, which can lead to chronicity of the infectious process and torpid course of the disease.The aim of this review was analyzing of modern studies on the prevalence, characteristics of opportunistic microorganisms associated with BV, to present their clinical and diagnostic significance and role in the pathogenesis of  diseases

DETECTION OF GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF PATHOGENICITY OF STRAINS OF KLEBSIELLA SPP. ISOLATED FROM THE INTESTINAL BIOTOPE OF CHILDREN WITH FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are one of the most common problems in children of the first year of life. The aim of the study was to assess the pathogenic potential of Klebsiella spp. strains, isolated from the colon in children of the first year of life with FGID. Material for the study included 61 coprological samples. The biological material was divided into comparison groups, depending on the type of Klebsiella excreted at a concentration of 105–108 CFU/g: 1st – with vegetation in the colon K. pneumoniae (n = 30); 2nd – with vegetation K. oxytoca (n = 31). Bacteriological study composition of the intestinal contents was carried out according to the Industry standard “Protocol of management of patients. Intestinal dysbiosis” (2003). Identification was carried out according to generally accepted schemes using commercial test systems for biochemical identification of bacteria. Statistical data processing was performed using licensed applications “MS Office Excel 2003 for Windows 7”. The data on the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition microbiota in the comparison groups were obtained. The results of detection genetic determinants of pathogenicity in the samples of Klebsiella of two species show that among the strains of Klebsiella spp., vegetating in the intestines of children as a component of an allochthonous microbiota, a sufficiently high and virulent potential can be concentrated. Detection of pathogenicity genes in bacteria of the genus Klebsiella will expand and deepen the problem of finding the structures of adaptation of strains of bacteria that cause FGID in children of the first year of life

Comparison of microecological intestinal indices in children with different value of body mass index

The body mass index (BMI) is one of the key and at the same time simple and significant indicators of the state of the human body. Both large and small quantities of BMI is associated with high morbidity. The aim of the study was to analyze microecological disorders of intestinal biocenosis in children of different ages using the value of BMI as the criterion of comparison. We researched scatological material from 158 children and adolescents aged from 5 to 17 years (77 boys and 81 girls). The material was divided into three comparison groups depending on the BMI value: group 1 - body mass deficit (n = 34); group 2 - patients having body mass excess (n = 37); group 3 - with normal body mass (n = 87). It has been shown that more than 80 % of children with different BMI value were recorded to have dysbiotic disturbances of the intestinal microbiota of degrees 1 and 2. However, in the group of children with normal body mass, frequency of detection of intestinal dysbiosis was significantly lower; in the group of children with underweight dysbiotic disorders were found significantly more often than in overweight and obese children (p < 0.05). In children with body mass deficit we observed not only increasing concentration of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, but also an increased occurrence of representative of Enterobacteriаceaе. family. 58.8 % of cases had two- and three-component associations of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, which is an indication the expressed violations of the intestine microbiocenosis formation. The data obtained show that,you can use BMI, an important criterion reflecting the severity of the disease, in the assessment of intestinal microflora in combination with other studies

Regularities of disorders in large intestine microbiocenosis under the influence of Klebsiella oxytoca in children 6-12 months old with functional gastrointestinal disorders

Background. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract represent one of the most urgent problems among children in the first year of life. Aim: to determine the peculiarities of microbiocenosis of large intestine in children with varying degrees of dysbiotic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Materials and methods. Material for the study included 354 coprological samples isolated from children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Depending on the degree of dysbiotic disorders of the colon, the children were divided into comparison groups: group 1 - children with grade 1 dysbiosis (n = 15), group 2 - 45 children with grade 2 dysbiosis, group 3 consisted of 149 children with grade 3, and group 4 consisted of 145 children with grade 3 of dysbiotic disturbances and K. оxytoca vegetation. Identification was performed by standard methods. Results. All four groups were characterized with changes in the qualitative composition of the indigenous biota with predominance of E. coli with atypical properties (haemolytic (up to 26,7 %) and labourmigration activity (to 33,3 %)). Groups with grade 3 dysbiosis were characterized by the presence of aggressive symbiotes in diagnostically significant concentration of S. aureus, Clostridium spp., Candida spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteusspp., P. aeruginosa. Conclusion. The emergence of Klebsiella oxytoca in the colon of children is an evidence of the violation of compensatory-adaptive reactions of the organism, which in turn is characterized by a decrease and a change in the qualitative composition of the indigenous biota by connecting the more aggressive representatives of the bacterial agents

CCL3 Promotes Germinal Center B Cells Sampling by Follicular Regulatory T Cells in Murine Lymph Nodes

Previous studies and our findings suggest upregulated expression of proinflammatory chemokines CCL3/4 in germinal center (GC) centrocytes. However, the role of CCL3/4 for centrocyte interactions with follicular T cells and regulation of humoral immunity is poorly understood. We found that CCL3 promotes chemotaxis of Tfr cells ex vivo. Two-photon imaging revealed that B cells-intrinsic production of CCL3 promotes their probing by follicular regulatory T cells (Tfr) within GCs of murine lymph nodes. Overall this study suggests that CCL3 facilitates direct interactions of foreign antigen-specific GC B cells and their negative regulation with Tfr cells in vivo

Response sensitivity to bacteriophages of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the microbiota of the oropharynx in children of Irkutsk

Dysbiotic disorders of the oropharynx takes one of the first places in the structure of morbidity worldwide. The aim of the study was to determine the peculiarities of microbiocenosis of the oropharynx in children at different ages and to assess the level of sensitivity of S. aureus strains to specific bacteriophages. Material for the study consisted of 84 smears from the oropharynx of children with inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharyngitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis (J00, J02, J03, J04 according to 1CD-10). The biological material was distributed depending on the age of the surveyed: the first group - children 3-6 years (n = 61) and the second age group - children 7-12 years (n = 23). Studies of the microflora of the oropharynx were performed according to standard methods. Isolated microorganisms were identified by morphological, tinctorial, cultural and biochemical properties. The results were evaluated in accordance with the Order of USSR Ministry of Health N 535 as of April 22,1985. Specific lytic activity of bacteriophages against S. aureus was determined using preparations of staphylococcal bacteriophage and polyvalent pyobacteriophage Sexta. The sensitivity of strains of S. aureus to specific bacteriophages was assessed by the method of «crosses», according to the guidelines. Statistical analysis was performed with the use of licensed applications Offiœ Ms Excel 2007for Windows 7 BioStat v. 5.0.1.2008. Correlation analysis (Pearson method) was used. 1t has been shown that with increasing age children in the oropharynx microbial density is increasing for indicators of both normoflora (S. oralis), and of opportunistic microflora (S. β-hemolytic, S. pyogenes, S. pneumoniae, bacteria Enterobacteriaceae), especially of S. aureus (up to 74 %). Registration of sensitive strains of S. aureus in more than 70 % of cases in preschool and school-aged children is evidence of the correctness of correction of the dysbiotic disorders of the oropharynx with the use of bacteriophages of staphylococcus and Sexta

Associations of clinical features of functional bowel disorders with gut microbiota characteristics in adolescents: A pilot study

Background. Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is one of the important public health problems in the 21st century. Functional bowel disorders in obese children and adolescents are one of the most common pathologies of the digestive tract. The aim: to characterize the bacteriological composition of the colon microbiota in obese adolescents and identify its associations with the clinical manifestations of functional bowel disorders.Materials and methods. The study included 20 adolescents aged 11–17 years. Stool consistency was assessed using the Bristol Stool Scale. The study of biological material was carried out using standard bacteriological methods. To assess the strength of the relationship between the nominal variables, Cramer’s V test was used.Results. It has been shown that in adolescents with obesity and functional bowel disorders, there is a decrease in the number of representatives of bifidoflora, an increase in the microbial density of Escherichia coli with altered enzymatic properties and an excessive growth of potentially pathogenic enterobacteria. In obese adolescents with functional bowel disorders, abdominal pain associated with the act of defecation is associated with the presence of enterobacteria and E. coli with altered enzymatic properties. Rare bowel movements are associated with an increased abundance of Enterococcus spp. and the presence of opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms. Frequent bowel movements are associated with the presence of E. coli with altered enzymatic properties and Clostridium spp. In the presence of loose stool, Clostridium spp. is present; unstable stool (alternation of hard and liquid stools in one patient) is associated with a decrease in the number of lactobacilli and E. coli with normal enzymatic properties, the appearance of E. coli with altered enzymatic properties, opportunistic microorganisms of Enterobacteriaceae family and Clostridium spp. Conclusion. The relationship between the clinical symptoms of functional bowel disorders and changes in the composition of the gut microbiota in obese adolescents may be a justification for conducting in-depth studies aimed at finding early predictors of functional bowel diseases associated with obesity in the adult cohort

Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gonad development: Mechanistic insights from fish and mammals

Over the past century, evidence has emerged that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have an impact on reproductive health. An increased frequency of reproductive disorders has been observed worldwide in both wildlife and humans that is correlated with accidental exposures to EDCs and their increased production. Epidemiological and experimental studies have highlighted the consequences of early exposures and the existence of key windows of sensitivity during development. Such early in life exposures can have an immediate impact on gonadal and reproductive tract development, as well as on long-term reproductive health in both males and females. Traditionally, EDCs were thought to exert their effects by modifying the endocrine pathways controlling reproduction. Advances in knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination, differentiation and gonadal development in fish and rodents have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of early exposure to EDCs on reproduction. In this manuscript, we review the key developmental stages sensitive to EDCs and the state of knowledge on the mechanisms by which model EDCs affect these processes, based on the roadmap of gonad development specific to fish and mammals.The authors are grateful to the Intersectoral Centre for Endocrine Disruptor Analysis (ICEDA)'s researcher network that facilitated this Special Issue. LNM was supported by a H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action MSCA-IF-RI- 2017 awarded by the European Commission (ref. 797725-EpiSTOX).With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)Peer reviewe

ЧАСТОТА ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ ХЕЛИКОБАКТЕРИОЗА И ЛЯМБЛИОЗА У ДЕТЕЙ РАЗНЫХ ВОЗРАСТНЫХ ГРУПП С БОЛЕВЫМ АБДОМИНАЛЬНЫМ И ДИСПЕПСИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ ПО ДАННЫМ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ КАЛА ИММУНОХРОМАТОГРАФИЧЕСКИМ МЕТОДОМ

Aims. To establish the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection and giardiasis in children of different age groups with abdominal pain and dyspeptic syndrome immunochromatographic method.Materials and methods. The coprological material from 407 children of different age, aimed at examination by gastroenterologist and allergist, who have a history of abdominal pain and dyspeptic syndrome, was studied: 215 people were examined for Helicobacter infection, 192 people for giardiasis. The study was conducted by non-invasive methods with the help of immunochromatographic tests of ICT Helicontest (NOVAmed, Israel) and RIDA® QUICK Giardia (R-Biopharm AG, Germany). The examined groups were divided into five age subgroups, separated according to the conventional periodization of human ontogenesis.Results. Invasion of Giardia detected in 27 (14,1%) of the 192 examined, the infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was diagnosed in 65 (30, 2%) of the 215 patients of preschool and school age. It is shown that in early childhood and the second childhood (1–3 years and 10–12 years) recorded the maximum frequency of giardiasis (p&lt;0,05), in the age dynamics of infection of H. pylori, no statistically significant differences were found, however, H. pylori infection is not diagnosed in children up to 3 years. The data obtained can be used in practice, doctors gastroenterologists, allergists and pediatricians for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and Giardia lamblia.Цель: установить частоту встречаемости хеликобактериоза и лямблиоза у детей разных возрастных групп с болевым абдоминальным и диспепсическим синдромом иммунохроматографическим методом.Материалы и методы: исследован копрологический материал от 407 детей разного возраста, направленных на обследование гастроэнтерологом и аллергологом, имеющих в анамнезе болевой абдоминальный и диспепсический синдром: на хеликобактерную инфекцию обследовано 215 человек, на лямблиоз – 192 человека. Исследование проводили неинвазивными методами с помощью иммунохроматографических тестов ИХТ ХеликоСтик (NOVAmed, Израиль) и RIDA® QUICK Giardia (R-Biopharm AG, Германия). Обследованные были разбиты на пять возрастных подгрупп, выделенных согласно общепринятой периодизации онтогенеза человека.Результаты: инвазия лямблиями обнаружена у 27 (14,1%) из 192 обследованных, инфекция Helicobacter рylori (H. рylori) диагностирована у 65 (30, 2%) из 215 пациентов дошкольного и школьного возраста. Показано, что в раннем детском и втором детском возрасте (1–3 года и 10–12 лет) регистрируется максимальная частота лямблиоза (р&lt;0,05), в возрастной динамике инфицированности H. рylori статистически значимых отличий обнаружено не было, однако хеликобактерная инфекция не диагностировалась у детей до 3 лет. Полученные данные можно использовать в практике врачей гастроэнтерологов, аллергологов и педиатров для диагностики инфекций H. рylori и Giardia lamblia