Prediction of the Difficult Laryngoscopy with Ultrasound Measurements of Hyomental Distance

Ultrasound measurement of hyomental distance is promising as a predictor for difficult laryngo-scopy in cases of difficult airway management. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognos-tic value of ultrasound measurement of hyomental distance (HMD) for prediction of difficultlaryngoscopy. Hyomental distance was sonographically measured in neutral (HMDn) and extremehead extension (HMDe) positions for fifty-six patients scheduled for elective surgery requiring tra-cheal intubation. Then the hyomental distance ratio (HMDR) was calculated. According to pres-ence of difficult laryngoscopy assessed by the Cormack–Lehane (CL) score, patients weredivided into a difficult laryngoscopy group (DL, n = 15) and easy laryngoscopy group (EL, n = 41).We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of HMDn, HMDe, and HMDR for difficult laryngo-scopy. DL was present in 15 (27%) patients. We found a significant intergroup difference inHMDR between the DL and EL groups (1.12 ± 0.04 vs. 1.24 ± 0.06, respectively;p< 0.001). Incontrast, we were not able to find a significant difference for HMDn and HMDr. HMDR had thehighest sensitivity 86.7% and specificity 85.4% (p< 0.01) to predict difficult laryngoscopy, wherethe area under the curve was 0.939;p< 0.01 for HDMR < 1.2 cm. Moreover, we found that diffi-cult laryngoscopy was associated with higher body mass index (BMI), with higher values in theDL group compared to EL patients (34.3 ± 9.1 vs. 28.5 ± 5.7 kg/m2, respectively;p= 0.035).HMDR < 1.2 cm measured by ultrasound might have a good predictive value for prediction of diffi-cult laryngoscopy.publishersversionPeer reviewe

The criminal liability of a health care professionals

Bakalaura darba mērķis ir izpētīt un analizēt noziedzīgo nodarījumu ārstniecībā krimināltiesisko regulējumu Latvijā, salīdzināt to ar ārvalstu regulējumu, kā arī analizēt tiesu praksi. Darbā izvērtēta medicīniskās darbības specifika, noskaidroti ar tēmu saistītie jēdzieni, kā arī analizēti ārstniecības personu kriminālatbildības pamati. Darbā izpētīta tiesiskā regulējuma vēsturiskā attīstība un izvērtēti statistikas dati. Darbs sastāv no ievada, trim nodaļām ar apakšnodaļām, kopsavilkuma un viena pielikuma. Darbam pievienots izmantoto avotu saraksts. Darba kopsavilkumā autors izvirza vairākas tēzes, tai skaitā ierosina iekļaut Krimināllikumā pantu, ar ko noteiktu kriminālatbildību par personas piespiešanu kļūt par audu vai orgānu donoru. Autors ierosina arī citus papildinājumus Krimināllikumā, kā arī izvirza diskusijai jautājumu par atteikšanos no audu vai orgānu ziedošanas prezumētās piekrišanas sistēmas.The aim of the bachelor's thesis is to study and analyze the criminal law regulation in the treatment of criminal offenses in Latvia, to compare it with the foreign regulation, as well as to analyze case law. The basics of medical activity are evaluated; the concepts related to the topic are clarified, as well as the bases of criminal liability of medical personnel are analyzed. The paper studies the historical development of the legal framework and evaluates statistical data. The paper consists of an introduction, three chapters with subsections, a summary and one appendix. A list of used sources is attached. In the summary of the paper, the author puts forward several theses, including proposal to include in the Criminal Law an article that would establish criminal liability for forcing a person to become a donor of tissues or organs. The author also proposes other additions to the Criminal Law, as well as raises the question of waiving the presumed consent system for tissue or organ donation

Economic Trends in the Provision of Labor Safety and Health Protection in the Industries of Latvia

In the environment of market economics, the competitiveness of enterprises is determined by many factors and indicators. One of which is an orderly working environment where employees are provided with safe operating condition. The goal of this paper is to analyse how Latvian employers have managed the funds that are necessary for the maintenance of a labour safety and health protection (further referred to as LSHP) system during the time of crisis. After reviewing the data provided by the company, one may draw a conclusion that companies on average spend 0.2% from the total turnover of sales to the provision of LSHP