Problems of Institutional Provision of the State’s Economic Security

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. In modern conditions reforming of the economy is most actively manifested in its balanced state, providing vital interests of society and dynamic socio-economic development. An important prerequisite for ensuring economic security of the state is the stability and sustainability of the national economy which presupposes property protection in all its forms, creation of reliable conditions and guarantees for business activities deterring the factors that destabilize economic development. Economic security of the state is determined by the level of productive forces development and socio-economic relations, the extent of the use of scientific and technological progress in the economy, as well as by the structure of foreign economic relations. The relevance of the study of economic security is due to the emergence of new threats that destabilize the sustainable economic development of the country. The purpose of the research is to identify the features of institutional economic security of the state, institutional contradictions of its economic security, to consider different methodological approaches to the assessment of the overall security of an economic entity, to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic security of Russia in the international scale

Economic security as a condition of institutional support of economy modernization

The article presents the theoretical aspects of the essential-conceptual approach to the notion of the category of "economic security", there are considered different perspectives on the process of its terminological apparatus in the modernization of the economy. The authors identified current trends and patterns of institutional support of modernization of the economy in the emergence of new threats. There are highlighted the conceptual approaches to the systematization of methods and mechanisms to protect the economic interests of businesses. The main directions of institutional sustainable ecological and economic development at the macro level are defined. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

Teaching english for undergraduate students: Motivational aspect

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The paper dwells on the importance of motivational aspect in a foreign language acquisition within undergraduate course. Motivation is viewed as a foremost aspect in acquiring high language proficiency level and its correlation with future career prospects. To identify the level of motivation a two stage questionnaire survey was organized with undergraduate students of Kazan Federal University. It proved the strategies described in the paper as well as defined the motives which could act as recommendations in designing the syllabus

THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN IODINE COVALENT AND HALOGEN BONDS FEATURES

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Spatial and temporal changes in land resources of Belgorod region under the influence of anthropogenic factors

This article contains an assessment of the historical data on the land resources of the Belgorod Region with a breakdown by municipal district

Kinetic regularities, catalyst deactivation and reactivation

Funding text 1 The research is funded from Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Program No. 075–03–2021–287/6 (Russia). Funding text 2 XPS measurements were carried out at the Central laboratories of Tomsk Polytechnic University (Analytical Center). HRTEM was carried out at the Innovation centre for Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies of Tomsk Polytechnic University. The ICP-OES analysis was carried out using the core facilities of “Physics and Chemical methods of analysis” of Tomsk Polytechnic University. Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia for Scientific Employment Stimulus Institutional Call (CEECINST/00102/2018), UIDB/50006/2020 and UIDP/50006/2020 (LAQV), UIDB/00100/2020 and UIDP/00100/2020 (Centro de Química Estrutural).Betulin, being a pentacyclic triterpene alcohol and an extractive from birch bark, along with its oxo-derivatives, has a broad range of physiological properties of interest for synthesis of pharmaceuticals. Instead of oxidizing betulin with strong and toxic oxidizing agents the present study shows a possibility of using liquid-phase oxidation of betulin with air over supported Ag NPs catalysts as an alternative method for synthesis of its oxo-derivatives. Based on catalytic studies, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, the evolution of the surface of nanosilver catalysts during the catalysis was demonstrated, as well as under the impact of reactant gas composition. The kinetic regularities and causes of deactivation of supported Ag NPs catalysts were revealed. An approach to the regeneration of silver catalysts was proposed. Kinetic analysis with numerical data fitting was performed resulting in an adequate description of the concentration dependencies.publishersversionpublishe

Внешняя торговля России в 21 веке

The article considers the Russian foreign trade in the 21st century, describes the impact of sanctions, and analyzes the amounts of Russian exports 2014-2017.В статье рассматривается внешняя торговля России в 21 веке, описывается влияние санкций, анализируются объемы российского экспорта в 2014-2017 гг

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Intermetallic Compounds in the System Gallium – Ruthenium

Received: 28.12.2020. Revised: 05.02.2021. Accepted: 05.02.2021. Available online: 08.02.2021.This article belongs to the PCEE-2020 Special Issue.The interaction of a solid inert metal Ru with liquid active metal Ga during mechanical activation in a high-energy planetary ball mill was studied using the X-ray diffraction and the high resolution scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalyses. This paper considers mechanical activation effects on formation of intermetallic compounds GaxRuy and their solubility in concentrated acids. Gallium is a surface-active substance with respect to Ruthenium. Under intensive mechanical treatment, liquid Gallium penetrates into grain boundaries of polycrystalline Ruthenium particles and sharply reduces their strength. Because of severe mechanical deformation, an intensive increase of contact surface between solid and liquid metals observed, which a place of rapid formation of intermetallic compounds. This processing leads to high reactive products of mechanical activation of Ga + Ru. Their interaction with a mixed concentrated hydrochloric and nitric acid allows Ruthenium (~37%) to pass into an acidic solution, forming complex compounds of the HxRuCly type (H2RuCl6).The research was carried out within the state assignment to ISSCM SB RAS (project No. 0237-2021-0002)

Methodological Toolkit for Environmental and Economic Assessment of Metallurgical Enterprise Activities

The growing impact on the environment from industrial enterprises, the depletion of non-renewable natural resources and the associated risks make it relevant to take into account the environmental performance indicators of the enterprise along with economic ones. The authors believe that it is possible to conduct an environmental and economic assessment of the enterprise using an integrated indicator. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodological toolkit for conducting an integrated environmental and economic assessment of the activities of a metallurgical enterprise, which makes it possible to make both a retrospective assessment of the enterprise’s activities, and a predictive one based on the parity between the economic and environmental spheres of the enterprise. An analysis of domestic and foreign literature showed the absence of a unified approach to environmental and economic assessment of industrial enterprises based on standard financial and environmental reporting, and non-financial reporting standards. The methodology proposed by the author includes two blocks of indicators: an environmental and an economic one. The environmental block is represented by indicators related to the environmental impact. The economic block includes various indicators of the profitability of the enterprise. The authors propose an approach to standardizing indicators and calculating the integral indicator of environmental and economic assessment for the period. A distinctive feature of the author’s methodology is the development of a single indicator that combines heterogeneous and multidirectional indicators of the environmental and economic blocks, which makes it possible to assess how the state of the enterprise changes over time, considering the action of various factors and their influence on the changes occurring at the enterprise. The proposed methodology was tested in application to the Seversky pipe plant for the period of 2016-2018. It showed a deterioration in the final environmental and economic assessment of the enterprise’s activities as per the indicators of the economic block. At the same time, almost all indicators of the ecological block improved over the period of observation. The result is attributed to the ongoing large-scale technological overhaul at the enterprise, aimed, in many respects, at reducing the impact on the environment and increasing the efficiency of the enterprise. The authors believe that after the completion of the modernization project, an increase in the production volume and a decrease in unit costs with a minimum impact on the environment will help to achieve a balance between the ecological and economic spheres of the enterprise.Нарастающее воздействие на окружающую среду со стороны промышленных предприятий, исчерпание невозобновляемых природных ресурсов и связанные с этим риски делают актуальным учет экологических показателей эффективности деятельности предприятия наряду с экономическими. Авторы считают, что возможно проведение эколого-экономической оценки деятельности предприятия с использованием единого показателя. Целью статьи является разработка методического инструментария проведения интегральной эколого-экономической оценки деятельности металлургического предприятия, позволяющего проводить как ретроспективную оценку деятельности предприятия, так и прогнозную, на основе паритета между экономической и экологической сферами функционирования предприятия. Анализ отечественных и зарубежных источников показал отсутствие унифицированного подхода к эколого-экономической оценке деятельности промышленных предприятий, опирающегося на стандартную финансовую и экологическую отчетность, стандарты нефинансовой отчетности. Предлагаемая авторская методика включает в себя два блока показателей: экологический и экономический. Экологический блок представлен показателями, связанными с воздействием на окружающую среду. Экономический блок включает в себя различные показатели рентабельности работы предприятия. Далее авторами предложен подход к нормированию показателей и расчету интегрального показателя эколого-экономической оценки за период. Отличительной чертой авторской методики является разработка единого показателя, объединяющего в себе разнородные и разнонаправленные показатели экологического и экономического блоков, позволяющего оценить в динамике состояние предприятия с учетом действия различных факторов и их влияние на происходящие на предприятии изменения. Выполнена апробация предлагаемой методики на примере Северского трубного завода за 2016–2018 гг., которая показала ухудшение итоговой эколого-экономической оценки деятельности предприятия за счет показателей экономического блока. При этом практически все показатели экологического блока за рассматриваемый период улучшились. Результат объясняется проводимой масштабной технологической модернизацией на предприятии, направленной во многом на снижение воздействия на окружающую среду и повышение эффективности работы предприятия. Авторы полагают, что после завершения модернизации увеличение объема выпускаемой продукции и снижение удельных затрат при минимальном воздействии на окружающую среду позволит достигнуть баланс между экологической и экономической сферами работы предприятия.Нарастающее воздействие на окружающую среду со стороны промышленных предприятий, исчерпание невозобновляемых природных ресурсов и связанные с этим риски делают актуальным учет экологических показателей эффективности деятельности предприятия наряду с экономическими. Авторы считают, что возможно проведение эколого-экономической оценки деятельности предприятия с использованием единого показателя. Целью статьи является разработка методического инструментария проведения интегральной эколого-экономической оценки деятельности металлургического предприятия, позволяющего проводить как ретроспективную оценку деятельности предприятия, так и прогнозную, на основе паритета между экономической и экологической сферами функционирования предприятия. Анализ отечественных и зарубежных источников показал отсутствие унифицированного подхода к эколого-экономической оценке деятельности промышленных предприятий, опирающегося на стандартную финансовую и экологическую отчетность, стандарты нефинансовой отчетности. Предлагаемая авторская методика включает в себя два блока показателей: экологический и экономический. Экологический блок представлен показателями, связанными с воздействием на окружающую среду. Экономический блок включает в себя различные показатели рентабельности работы предприятия. Далее авторами предложен подход к нормированию показателей и расчету интегрального показателя эколого-экономической оценки за период. Отличительной чертой авторской методики является разработка единого показателя, объединяющего в себе разнородные и разнонаправленные показатели экологического и экономического блоков, позволяющего оценить в динамике состояние предприятия с учетом действия различных факторов и их влияние на происходящие на предприятии изменения. Выполнена апробация предлагаемой методики на примере Северского трубного завода за 2016–2018 гг., которая показала ухудшение итоговой эколого-экономической оценки деятельности предприятия за счет показателей экономического блока. При этом практически все показатели экологического блока за рассматриваемый период улучшились. Результат объясняется проводимой масштабной технологической модернизацией на предприятии, направленной во многом на снижение воздействия на окружающую среду и повышение эффективности работы предприятия. Авторы полагают, что после завершения модернизации увеличение объема выпускаемой продукции и снижение удельных затрат при минимальном воздействии на окружающую среду позволит достигнуть баланс между экологической и экономической сферами работы предприятия

Genome assembly of Vitis rotundifolia Michx. using third-generation sequencing (Oxford Nanopore Technologies)

The immune North American grapevine species Vitis rotundifolia Michaux (subgen. Muscadinia Planch.) is regarded as a potential donor of disease resistance genes, withstanding such dangerous diseases of grapes as powdery and downy mildews. The cultivar ‘Dixie’ is the only representative of this species preserved ex situ in Russia: it is maintained by the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in the orchards of its branch, Krymsk Experiment Breeding Station. Third-generation sequencing on the MinION platform was performed to obtain information on the primary structure of the cultivar’s genomic DNA, employing also the results of Illumina sequencing available in databases. A detailed description of the technique with modifications at various stages is presented, as it was used for grapevine genome sequencing and whole-genome sequence assembly. The modified technique included the main stages of the original protocol recommended by the MinION producer: 1) DNA extraction; 2) preparation of libraries for sequencing; 3) MinION sequencing and bioinformatic data processing; 4) de novo whole-genome sequence assembly using only MinION data or hybrid assembly (MinION+Illumina data); and 5) functional annotation of the whole-genome assembly. Stage 4 included not only de novo sequencing, but also the analysis of the available bioinformatic data, thus minimizing errors and increasing precision during the assembly of the studied genome. The DNA isolated from the leaves of cv. ‘Dixie’ was sequenced using two MinION flow cells (R9.4.1)