Active Galactic Nuclei and Transformation of Dark Matter into Visible Matter

The hypothesis that dark matter is converted into visible particles in active galactic nuclei is investigated. If dark matter consists of stable superheavy neutral particles and active galactic nuclei are rotating black holes, then, due to the Penrose process, superheavy particles can decay into unstable particles with larger mass, whose decay into quarks and leptons leads to events in cosmic rays observed by the Auger group. Similar processes of decay of superheavy particles of dark matter into visible matter occurred in the early Universe. Numerical estimates of the processes in active galactic nuclei and in the early Universe are given.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX; v2: one reference added, published versio

On collisions with unlimited energies in the vicinity of Kerr and Schwarzschild black hole horizons

Two particle collisions close to the horizon of the rotating nonextremal Kerr's and Schwarzschild black holes are analyzed. For the case of multiple collisions it is shown that high energy in the centre of mass frame occurs due to a great relative velocity of two particles and a large Lorentz factor. The dependence of the relative velocity on the distance to horizon is analyzed, the time of movement from the point in the accretion disc to the point of scattering with large energy as well as the time of back movement to the Earth are calculated. It is shown that they have reasonable order.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: significant text overlap with arXiv:1105.154

Spontaneous symmetry breaking for long-wave gravitons in the early Universe

It is shown that nonlinear terms in equations of gravitons on the background of curved space-time of the expanding Universe can solve the problem of the negative square of the effective mass formally arising in linear approximation for gravitons. Similar to well known spontaneous breaking of symmetry in Goldstone model one must take another vacuum so that nonzero vacuum expectation value of the quantized graviton field leads to change of spectrum for gravitons. There appears two graviton fields, one with the positive mass, another with the zero mass. Energy density and the density of particles created by gravitation of the expanding Universe are calculated for some special cases of the scale factor. Numerical results are obtained for the dust universe case.Comment: 13 page

Space-Time Description of Scalar Particle Creation by a Homogeneous Isotropic Gravitational Field

We give the generalization of the method of the space-time description of particle creation by a gravitational field for a scalar field with nonconformal coupling to the curvature. The space-time correlation function is obtained for a created pair of the quasi-particles, corresponding to a diagonal form of the instantaneous Hamiltonian. The case of an adiabatic change of the metric of homogeneous isotropic space is analyzed. We show that the created pairs of quasi-particles in de Sitter space should be interpreted as pairs of virtual particles.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Transverse and longitudinal momentum spectra of fermions produced in strong SU(2) fields

We study the transverse and longitudinal momentum spectra of fermions produced in a strong, time-dependent non-Abelian SU(2) field. Different time-dependent field strengths are introduced. The momentum spectra are calculated for the produced fermion pairs in a kinetic model. The obtained spectra are similar to the Abelian case, and they display exponential or polynomial behaviour at high p_T, depending on the given time dependence. We investigated different color initial conditions and discuss the recognized scaling properties for both Abelian and SU(2) cases.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures; version accepted to PR

Оценка гемодинамического эффекта Левосимендана у пациентов с острым инфарктом миокарда осложненным кардиогенным шоком

Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Discipline of Cardiology, Medical Clinic No 3, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaCardiogene shock (CS) is a syndrome caused by the incapacity of the heart to assure an appropriate tissular perfusion for the methabolic needs, having as consequences an accentuated decrease of the cardiac flow and tissular hipoxy. The level of the mortality in CS is high and varies between 35% and 73% of the cases. The majority of the deceased patients are detected during the first 24 hours from hospitalization, a fact that suggests the need of starting an appropriate intensive treatment of the patient associated with improvement of clinical symptoms, starting a good diuresis, and vessel dilation, the lack of proarhytmogen activity, and no interference with other treatments of the heart failure, this way decreasing and the duration of hospitalization. The intensive treatment with Levosimendan represents an effective therapy in decompensated heart failure. Administering LSMD in patients with AMI complicated with cardiogene shock determined the increase of the ejection fraction between 31, 6% and 42.7% of the cases, increase of the beat volume from 48 ± 3ml to 59 ± 6 ml (p < 0.03), and the increase of the cardiac index from 2.2 l/minute (initial) until at 3.1 l/minute at 72 h (p < 0.01). The initial administration of LSMD in these patients also reduced the pressure at the level of the pulmonary capillaries from 22 ± 1 mm Hg, to 16 ± 3 mm Hg (p < 0.03), and significantly decreased the systemic vascular resistence from 214 ± 276 to 932 ± 282 dyne.sec.cm (-4), p < 0,01). In the patients included in this study, during the first five days of treatment with LSVD (lot No I) was noticed: the improvement of the clinic health status, the significant decrease of the values of BNP, and also a significant decrease of the number of deceased patients comparing with the number of the deceased ones that were treated with Dubutamine (lot No II).Кардиогенный шок (КШ) это клинический синдром, характеризующийся гипоперфузией тканей из-за сердечной недостаточности (СН), которая сохраняется после коррекции преднагрузки. Уровень смертности при КШ высокая и составляет от 35% до 73 %, большинство пациентов умирают в течение первых 24 часов от госпитализации, что свидетельствует в пользу необходимости своевременного экстренного начала лечения для максимально быстрой стабилизации гемодинамики и уменьшения клинических симптомов острой сердечной недостаточности (ОСН). Несвоевременное и неадекватное лечение неминуемо ведет к смерти. Интенсивное лечение Левосименданом приводит к положительному инотропному действию, обеспечивая повышение чувствительности сократительных белков кардиомиоцитов к кальцию, и активацию калиевых каналов в гладкой мускулатуре, что приводит к вазодилатации. Левосимендан показан при ОСН с низким сердечным выбросом у больных с систолической дисфункцией левого желудочка (низкой фракцией выброса) при отсутствии тяжелой артериальной гипотонии (систолическое АД < 85 мм рт.ст.). Применение Левосимендана в лечении больных с острым инфарктом миокарда, осложнённым кардиогенным шоком способствовало увеличению фракции выброса ЛЖ от 31,6% и 42,7% случаев повышению сердечного объёма от 48 ± 3ml до 59 ± 6 ml (p < 0,03), увеличению сердечного индекса от 2,2 l/min. в начале лечения до 3,1 l/min после 72 часов (p < 0,01), снижению давления в легочных капиллярах от 22 ± 1 mm Hg до 16 ± 3 mm Hg (p < 0,03), значительному снижению системного сосудистого сопротивления от 1214 ± 276 до 932 ± 282 dyne. sec. cm (-4), p < 0,01). У пациентов, включённых в данное исследование, в первые пять дней лечения Левосименданом (I группа) было замечено: улучшение клинического состояния, значительное снижение натридиуретического гормона (НДГ), уменьшение смертности по сравнению с пациентами II группы, которые лечились Добутамином

Visualization of superposition of macroscopically distinct states

We propose a method of visualizing superpositions of macroscopically distinct states in many-body pure states. We introduce a visualization function, which is a coarse-grained quasi joint probability density for two or more hermitian additive operators. If a state contains superpositions of macroscopically distinct states, one can visualize them by plotting the visualization function for appropriately taken operators. We also explain how to efficiently find appropriate operators for a given state. As examples, we visualize four states containing superpositions of macroscopically distinct states: the ground state of the XY model, that of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet, a state in Shor's factoring algorithm, and a state in Grover's quantum search algorithm. Although the visualization function can take negative values, it becomes non-negative (hence becomes a coarse-grained joint probability density) if the characteristic width of the coarse-graining function used in the visualization function is sufficiently large.Comment: 12pages, 21figure

Update on type 2 cardiorenal syndrome

Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Cardiology, Clinic of Rheumatology and Nephrology, Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, the Republic of MoldovaBackground: Cardiorenal syndrome type 2 is an “umbrella” term used to describe clinical conditions in which chronic cardiac failure through a chronological and causal relationship leads to renal dysfunction. The syndrome is associated with a significant morbidity and mortality, that is why it has recently become a matter of growing debate related to pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment effectiveness and safety. Our aim was to review epidemiological and pathological mechanisms underlying cardiorenal syndrome, to focus on up-to-date diagnosis and treatment strategies. We performed literature search in the Pubmed database in July 2015. The 1st key word used for search was “cardiorenal syndrome type 2”; and the 2nd key word was “cardiorenal syndrome in heart failure”. Conclusions: Over the last decade, a significant advance in the understanding of the cardiorenal syndrome has been achieved. However, precise pathways remain to be clarified. Clinical management of these patients include diuretics, vasodilatators, ultrafiltration, all these modalities promise more rapid volume removal, but their ultimate impact on survival and renal function is unknown. Future research is necessary to improve diagnosis, severity grading, to differentiate type 2 and type 4 cardiorenal syndrome and to determine efficient treatment strategies. Because of the syndrome’s complexity and poor outcome, it is important that cardiologists, nephrologists and internists work together for a unique goal – protecting the patient with cardiorenal syndrome

Современная концепция о идиопатической воспалительной миопатии

Department of Internal Medicine, Nicolae Testemitanu State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Congresul III al Medicilor de Familie din Republica Moldova, 17–18 mai, 2012, Chişinău, Republica Moldova, Conferinţa Naţională „Maladii bronhoobstructive la copii”, consacrată profesorului universitar, doctor habilitat Victor Gheţeul, 27 aprilie, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaIdiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases characterized by progressive skeletal muscle damage, expressed by proximal muscle fatigue associated with activation of serum enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, signs of inflammation in muscle biopsy and systemic damage [Lundberg I., 2009]. Epidemiological studies have estimated incidence from idiopathic inflammatory myopathies 0.5-8.4 new cases per 1 million population. In 1975 Bohan and Peter J. A proposed diagnostic criteria first polymyositis and dermatomyositis, then reviewed and used to date. Immunological abnormalities are imminent in the evolution of idiopathic myopathies and scientific evidence in recent years announced that development of MII is accompanied by production of a large number of autoantibodies to cytoplasmic proteins and ribonucleic acids. Associated myositis was classified as anti-KJ, anti-U1 RNP, RNP-U2, U5-RNP, anti MJ, anti PM-Scl, etc. Already in 1991 L. Love and collaborators have defined serological subtypes of MII: antisintetazic, anti-SRP and anti-Mi-2. The clinical picture of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies is characterized by clinical polymorphism, paraclinical and evolving. Set of measurements for predicting disease progression in IIM provides manual muscle test (MMT), global assessment of disease activity by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) by the patient and physician, disease activity score by DAS – Disease Activity Score and determining damage in myositis by Myositis Damage Index MDI – [Sultan S., 2008]. Therefore, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are known as disease over 100 years, they now support a classification methodology, are provided with diagnostic criteria, indices of disease activity and damage organic.Идиопатические воспалительные миопатии (ИВM) представляют собой гетерогенную группу аутоиммунных заболеваний, характеризующихся прогрессивным повреждением скелетных мышц, выраженной проксимальной мышечной слабостью, активацией сывороточных ферментов, электромиографическими нарушениями, признаками воспаления в мышечной биопсии и системными повреждениями [Лундберг I., 2009]. Эпидемиологические исследования показали, что частота случаев идиопатических воспалительных миопатий варьирует от 0,5-8,4 новых случаев на 1 млн. населения в год. В 1975 году Бохан и Питер предложили первые диагностические критерии полимиозита и дерматомиозита, используемые на сегодняшний день. Иммунологические нарушения неизбежны в развитии идиопатической миопатии и результаты научных исследований, заявили, что развитие MII сопровождается производством большого количества аутоантител к цитоплазматическим белкам и рибонуклеиновым кислотам: anti-KJ, anti-U1 RNP, RNP-U2, U5-RNP, anti MJ, anti PM-Scl, etc. В 1991 L. Love и сотрудники определили серологические подтипы ИВМ: антисинтетазный, анти-SRP и анти-Мi-2. Клиническая картина идиопатических воспалительных миопатий характеризуется полиморфизмом симптомов. Набор измерений для определения прогрессирования заболевания включает мануальный мышечный тест (MMT), глобальная оценка активности болезни по визуальной аналоговой шкале – Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) для пациента и врача, оценка активности заболевания – Disease Activity Score (DAS) – и определение индекса повреждения – Myositis Damage Index (MDI) [Султан С., 2008]. Таким образом, идиопатические воспалительные миопатии известны как болезнь более 100 лет, в настоящее время изучена классификация, диагностические критерии, показатели активности и повреждения заболевания