Near-death experience: clinical implications

BACKGROUND: When some people come close to death, they report a profound experience of transcending the physical world that often leads to spiritual transformation. These "near-death experiences" (NDEs) are relevant to clinicians because they lead to changes in beliefs, attitudes, and values; they may be mistaken for psychopathological states, although producing different sequelae requiring different therapeutic approaches; and because they may enhance our understanding of consciousness. OBJECTIVES: This literature review examined the evidences regarding explanations proposed to explain NDEs, including expectation, birth memories, altered blood gases, toxic or metabolic hallucinations, and neurochemical and neuroanatomical models. METHODS: The literature on NDEs of the past 30 years was examined comprehensively, including medical, nursing, psychological, and sociological databases. RESULTS: NDEs typically produce positive changes in attitudes, beliefs, and values, but may also lead to interpersonal and intrapsychic problems. These problems have been compared to various mental disorders, but are distinguishable from them. Various therapeutic strategies have been proposed to help experiencers with problematic aftereffects, but have not been tested yet. CONCLUSIONS: The mystical consciousness and higher mental activity during NDEs, when the brain is severely impaired, challenge current models of brain/mind interaction and may occasionally lead to more complete models for the understanding of consciousness.CONTEXTO: Quando algumas pessoas vivenciam um estado próximo da morte, elas referem uma experiência profunda de transcender o mundo físico, o que freqüentemente as conduz a uma transformação espiritual. Estas "experiências de quase-morte" (EQMs) são relevantes para os clínicos pois produzem mudanças nas crenças, nas atitudes e nos valores; podem ser confundidas com os estados psicopatológicos, embora tenham conseqüências diferentes necessitando terapêuticas diferentes; e, por fim, porque podem ampliar a nossa compreensão em relação ao fenômeno da consciência. OBJETIVOS: Esta revisão de literatura examina as evidências relacionadas às explicações que têm sido propostas para o fenômeno das EQMs, incluindo expectativa, memórias do nascimento, alterações nos gases sangüíneos, alucinações tóxicas ou metabólicas e modelos neuroquímicos e neuroanatômicos. MÉTODOS: A literatura sobre EQM dos últimos 30 anos foi revisada de modo abrangente, incluindo bases de dados médicas, de enfermagem, psicológicas e sociológicas. RESULTADOS: As EQMs tipicamente produzem mudanças positivas em atitudes, crenças e valores, mas também podem levar a problemas interpessoais e intrapsíquicos. Esses problemas, embora tenham sido comparados a vários transtornos mentais, diferem desses quadros psicopatológicos. Várias estratégias terapêuticas têm sido propostas para ajudar indivíduos que apresentam conseqüências problemáticas de uma EQM, mas tais intervenções ainda não foram testadas. CONCLUSÕES: A consciência mística e o funcionamento mental intensificado durante uma EQM, quando o funcionamento cerebral está gravemente prejudicado, são um desafio para os modelos atuais sobre a interação cérebro/mente e podem, eventualmente, levar a modelos mais completos para o entendimento da consciência

Screening Historical Sexualities: A Roundtable on Sodomy, South Africa, and Proteus

(Excerpt) Proteus (2003; 100 min., Canada and South Africa) is a low-budget feature film, directed by John Greyson (Toronto) and Jack Lewis (Cape Town), that made the international rounds of “art cinema” and queer festivals in 2003 and 2004, with limited theatrical release in New York, Toronto, and other cities. The film advances Greyson’s and Lewis’s experiments with political essay-narrative forms both in their respective documentary, experimental, and dramatic videos dating back to the early 1980s (including Lewis’s Apostles of Civilized Vice [1999]) and in Greyson’s theatrical feature films beginning with Urinal in 1988. Based on an early-eighteenth-century court record, Proteus narrates the meeting, sexual relationship, and eventual trial and execution for sodomy of two prisoners in the Dutch Cape Colony, the Dutchman Rijkhaart Jacobsz and the Khoi Claas Blank. Subsidiary narratives focus on the Scottish botanist Virgil Niven, who observed the prisoners, and on the contemporaneous crackdown on sodomites in Amsterdam. GLQ initiated the following “virtual conversation” among the two directors, Israeli queer legal theorist Noa Ben-Asher, American film scholar R. Bruce Brasell, American film critic Daniel Garrett, and South African historian Susan Newton-King. Though it will “spoil” the plot for readers who have not seen the movie, we offer it as a lively debate about one of the more interesting entries in the new “new queer cinema.” The debate explores the precarious and artful interrelationship of histories, nations, narratives, and the law; cinematic intent and spectatorial interpretation; same-sexuality, conjugality, and difference; and even, as one participant dares to put it, love

Paradoxical lucidity: A potential paradigm shift for the neurobiology and treatment of severe dementias

Unexpected cognitive lucidity and communication in patients with severe dementias, especially around the time of death, have been observed and reported anecdotally. Here, we review what is known about this phenomenon, related phenomena that provide insight into potential mechanisms, ethical implications, and methodologic considerations for systematic investigation. We conclude that paradoxical lucidity, if systematically confirmed, challenges current assumptions and highlights the possibility of networkâ level return of cognitive function in cases of severe dementias, which can provide insight into both underlying neurobiology and future therapeutic possibilities.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153062/1/alzjjalz201904002.pd

JNDS, Volume 7, Number 3

Quarterly journal publishing papers related to near-death experiences, including research reports; theoretical or conceptual statements; expressions of a scientific, philosophic, religious, or historical perspective on the study of near-death experiences; cross-cultural studies; individual case histories; and personal accounts of experiences or related phenomena

JNDS, Volume 6, Number 2

Quarterly journal publishing papers related to near-death experiences, including research reports; theoretical or conceptual statements; expressions of a scientific, philosophic, religious, or historical perspective on the study of near-death experiences; cross-cultural studies; individual case histories; and personal accounts of experiences or related phenomena

JNDS, Volume 23, Number 4

Quarterly journal publishing papers related to near-death experiences, including research reports; theoretical or conceptual statements; expressions of a scientific, philosophic, religious, or historical perspective on the study of near-death experiences; cross-cultural studies; individual case histories; and personal accounts of experiences or related phenomena

JNDS, Volume 2, Number 2

Abstract: Near-death studies published in major scientific journals during 1981-82 are grouped by subject matter and briefly reviewed