The Almohade Cookbook, Colin Manuscript: According to Rudolf Grewe Cella

Obra original inèdita, no acabada ni divulgada del Sr. Rudolf Grewe CellaTraducció a l'anglès preparada per Rudolf Grewe el 1990 (inèdita) del Manuscrit Colin (primera mitad del segle XIII). (Bibliothèque nationale de France manuscrit (BnF) arabe 7009), conegut amb el nom de "Anònim Andalús" copiat al 1604, i trobat al Marroc per l'arabista Georges Séraphin Colin a la primera mitat del segle XX.El Llibre original de cuina de l'anònim andalusí es considerat el receptari més important del primer terç del segle XIII de la desapareguda gastronomia d'al-Àndalus. Recull 545 receptes i preparacions, a més de consells alimentaris, higiènics, sobre utensilis i sobre el servei de taula

Solar cycle effect delays onset of ozone recovery

Short- and long-term changes of total ozone are investigated by means of an ensemble simulation with the coupled chemistry-climate model E39/C for the period 1960 to 2020. Past total ozone changes are well simulated on both, long (decadal) and short (monthly) timescales. Even the 2002 Antarctic ozone anomaly appears in the ensemble. The model results indicate that the 11-year solar cycle will delay the onset of a sustained ozone recovery. The lowest global mean total ozone values occur between 2005 and 2010, although stratospheric chlorine loading is assumed to decline after 2000. E39/C results exhibit a significant increase of total ozone after the beginning of the next decade, following the upcoming solar minimum. The observed ozone increase in the second half of the 1990s is reproduced by E39/C and is identified as a combined post- Pinatubo and solar cycle effect rather than the beginning of a sustainable ozone recovery

A quasi chemistry-transport model mode for EMAC

A quasi chemistry-transport model mode (QCTM) is presented for the numerical chemistry-climate simulation system ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC). It allows for a quantification of chemical signals through sup- pression of any feedback between chemistry and dynamics. Noise would otherwise interfere too strongly. The signal is calculated from the difference of two QCTM simulations, a reference simulation and a sensitivity simulation. In order to avoid the feedbacks, the simulations adopt the following of- fline chemical fields: (a) offline mixing ratios of radiatively active substances enter the radiation scheme, (b) offline mix- ing ratios of nitric acid enter the scheme for re-partitioning and sedimentation from polar stratospheric clouds, (c) and offline methane oxidation is the exclusive source of chemi- cal water-vapor tendencies. Any set of offline fields suffices to suppress the feedbacks, though may be inconsistent with the simulation setup. An adequate set of offline climatolo- gies can be produced from a non-QCTM simulation using the setup of the reference simulation. Test simulations reveal the particular importance of adequate offline fields associated with (a). Inconsistencies from (b) are negligible when using adequate fields of nitric acid. Acceptably small inconsisten- cies come from (c), but should vanish for an adequate pre- scription of chemical water vapor tendencies. Toggling be- tween QCTM and non-QCTM is done via namelist switches and does not require a source code re-compilation