History and the languages of history in the oral history interview: who answers whose questions and why.

Paper presented at the Wits History Workshop: Structure and Experience in the Making of Apartheid, 6-10 February, 1990

Forced-convection Heat-transfer Characteristics of Molten Sodium Hydroxide

The forced-convection heat-transfer characteristics of sodium hydroxide were experimentally investigated. The heat-transfer data for heating fall slightly above the McAdams correlation line, and the heat-transfer data for cooling are fairly well represented by the McAdams correlation line

Influence of tube-entrance configuration on average heat-transfer coefficients and friction factors for air flowing in an Inconel tube

A heat-transfer investigation was conducted with air flowing through an electrically heated Inconel tube having either a long-approach or a right-angle-edge entrance, an inside diameter of 0.402 inch, and a length of 24 inches over a range of Reynolds numbers up to 375,000 and average inside-tube-wall temperatures up to 2000 degrees R. Good correlation of heat-transfer data was obtained for both entrances, which substantiates work previously reported. A fair correlation of friction data was obtained for both entrances. The entrance configuration had little effect on the average heat-transfer and friction coefficients

Heat transfer from high-temperature surfaces to fluids II : correlation of heat-transfer and friction data for air flowing in inconel tube with rounded entrance

A heat transfer investigation, which was an extension of a previously reported NACA investigation, was conducted with air flowing through an electrically heated inconel tube with a rounded entrance,an inside diameter of 0.402 inch, and a length of 24 inches over a range of conditions, which included Reynolds numbers up to 500,000, average surface temperatures up to 2050 degrees R, and heat-flux densities up to 150,000 Btu per hour per square foot. Conventional methods of correlating heat-transfer data wherein properties of the air were evaluated at the average bulk, film, and surface temperatures resulted in reductions of Nusselt number of about 38, 46, and 53 percent, respectively, for an increase in surface temperature from 605 degrees to 2050 degrees R at constant Reynolds number. A modified correlation method in which the properties of air were based on the surface temperature and the Reynolds number was modified by substituting the product of the density at the inside tube wall and the bulk velocity for the conventional mass flow per unit cross-sectional area, resulted in a satisfactory correlation of the data for the extended ranges of conditions investigated

Attitydstudie kring avsättningar och kolinlagring

Sverige är till 69 % av landarealen täckt av skogsmark som ska räcka till många olika nyttor. Det finns delade meningar hur skogen ska brukas och på vilket sätt skogen bäst bidrar till både miljöändamål och klimatnytta. Detta i form av bland annat biologisk mångfald och kolinlagring. Denna uppsats behandlar attityder hos ett urval av privata enskilda skogsägare rörande olika avsättningar som finns idag och nya styrmedel kring kolinlagring. Ämnet ansågs intressant då cirka hälften av skogsmarken i Sverige ägs av just privata enskilda skogsägare. Respondenternas svar kategoriseras utifrån de fyra typologierna, altruist, moralist, egoist och negativist, som baseras på mänskligt beteende. Resultatet visar att de privata enskilda skogsägarnas attityder mot generella avsättningar i Sverige är positiv, förutom när de gäller på deras egen skogsmark. Ett nytt styrmedel gällande kolinlagring visade positiva attityder både för kolinlagring i Sverige och på skogsägarens egen skogsmark. Kolinlagring kan ge mer positiva attityder då det är ett nytt fenomen som inte är beprövat till skillnad från avsättningar. Slutsatsen är att de privata enskilda skogsägarna som deltagit i undersökningen, till en majoritet, är altruister. Fortsatta studier kring både kolinlagring som ger nya möjligheter men även om problematiken gällande avsättningarna som finns idag bör göras för att ge en djupare förståelse.Approximately 69 % of Swedens landarea is covered by forest land, which needs to be sufficient for many different purposes and industries. There are various opinions on how the forest should be used and in what way the forest best contributes to environmental sustainability, such as biodiversity and carbon storage. The current study explores attitudes of a sample of non-industrial private forest owners regarding different provisions that are used today and a new policy for carbon storage. This was considerd intressting to investigate since half of the forests in Sweden are owned by non-industrial private forest owners. The participants’ responses have been categorised into four typologies based on human behaviour. These typologies are altruist, moralist, egoist and negativist. The result shows that the non-industrial private forest owners’ attitudes regarding provisions in Sweden are generally good, however, with an exception when they applied it to their own forest land. Furthermore, a new policy for carbon storage showed positive attitudes both when it comes to forest generally in Sweden and for their own forest land. Carbon storage could possibly enhance the positive attitudes further since it is a new phenomenon which yet is to be tried unlike provisions of forest. To sum up, non-industrial private forest owners who participated in this study are primarily altruists. Moreover, it is suggested to perform further studies on both carbon storage as a new policy but also the problems regarding provisions that occur today to gain a deeper understanding

Unusual Bronchopulmonary Foregut Malformation Associated with Pericardial Defect: Bronchogenic Cyst Communicating with Tubular Esophageal Duplication

We report a case of unusual bronchopulmonary foregut malformation composed of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst with sequestrated lung tissue and communicating tubular esophageal duplication associated with complete pericardial defect. A 18-yr-old man, who had suffered from dry cough and mild dyspnea, was admitted because of an incidentally detected chest mass. A computed tomography scan demonstrated a cystic mass with an air fluid level connected with esophagus in the middle mediastinum. The surgically resected mass was a pleural invested accessory lobe of the lung (8.0×7.0×4.5 cm) connected with the esophageal wall by a tubular structure (3.0 cm in length and 2.0 cm in diameter). A complete left pericardial defect was also identified. Histologically, the cystic wall was composed of fibrovascular connective tissue with a smooth muscle layer, mixed seromucous glands and cartilage, and the inner surface of the cyst was lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The inner surface of the tubular structure was lined by non-keratinizing or keratinizing squamous epithelium, and the wall contained submucosal mucous glands, muscularis mucosa, and duplicated muscularis propria. This case is important in understanding the embryological pathogenesis of the variable spectrum of the bronchopulmonary foregut malformation

Mining oral history collections using music information retrieval methods

Recent work at the Sussex Humanities Lab, a digital humanities research program at the University of Sussex, has sought to address an identified gap in the provision and use of audio feature analysis for spoken word collections. Traditionally, oral history methodologies and practices have placed emphasis on working with transcribed textual surrogates, rather than the digital audio files created during the interview process. This provides a pragmatic access to the basic semantic content, but obviates access to other potentially meaningful aural information; our work addresses the potential for methods to explore this extra-semantic information, by working with the audio directly. Audio analysis tools, such as those developed within the established field of Music Information Retrieval (MIR), provide this opportunity. This paper describes the application of audio analysis techniques and methods to spoken word collections. We demonstrate an approach using freely available audio and data analysis tools, which have been explored and evaluated in two workshops. We hope to inspire new forms of content analysis which complement semantic analysis with investigation into the more nuanced properties carried in audio signals