Total ankle prostheses in rheumatoid arthropathy: Outcome in 52 patients followed for 1–9 years

Background and purpose The first generations of total ankle replacements (TARs) showed a high rate of early failure. In the last decades, much progress has been made in the development of TARs, with the newer generation showing better results. We evaluated TARs implanted with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or juvenile inflammatory arthritis (JIA) as indication

Autism and ADHD Symptoms in Patients with OCD: Are They Associated with Specific OC Symptom Dimensions or OC Symptom Severity?

In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the relationship between autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom, and obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptom dimensions and severity has scarcely been studied. Therefore, 109 adult outpatients with primary OCD were compared to 87 healthy controls on OC, ADHD and ASD symptoms. OCD patients showed increased ADHD and autism symptom frequencies, OCD + ADHD patients reporting more autism symptoms (particularly attention switching and social skills problems) than OCD − ADHD patients. Attention switching problems were most significant predictors of OC symptom dimensions (except hoarding) and of symptom severity. Hoarding was not associated with elevated autism scale scores, but with inattention. In conclusion, attention switching problems may reflect both symptom overlap and a common etiological factor underlying ASD, ADHD and OCD

Neuropsychological functioning of children with obsessive -compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a condition marked by frequent, intrusive thoughts and behaviors. It stands to reason that such unwanted cognitive disruption could be associated with neuropsychological differences. However, to date, there have been few consistent findings with respect to the neuropsychology of OCD and fewer conducted with children. The adult literature on the neuropsychology of OCD had uncovered some focal executive dysfunction and a resultant difficulty on tasks of memory. The prior research on children with OCD obtained null findings but suffered from small sample size and a failure to adequately match samples. In the present study, OCD symptom severity, comorbid diagnoses, executive functioning, verbal memory, and nonverbal memory were assessed in children with OCD. The sample of 31 children ranged in age from 6 to 12 years. The IQ of the sample was elevated, particularly Verbal IQ. The children performed adequately on the executive functioning and verbal memory instruments but performed poorly on the visual memory tasks. For verbal and nonverbal memory, there was support for recall strategy being related to recall ability. This supported the finding in adults of memory deficits being mediated by strategy, considered to be a type of executive functioning. Symptom severity and duration of illness were found to be unrelated to neuropsychological variables. The interpretability of the neuropsychological results was limited by sample size, elevated IQ scores, and diagnostic heterogeneity, in that many of the children had ADHD and other behavioral conditions. These results supported the notion that executive functioning, in the form of strategy selection, may be impaired in OCD. Future research should further assess executive functioning in this population using more sensitive and specific instruments while accounting for the possibility of diagnostic heterogeneity and elevated IQ scores

Neuropsychology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Review and Treatment Implications

The existing literature examining neuropsychological features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is reviewed. The accumulated research points to a deficit in organizational strategies in general, suggesting problems in executive functioning. The available research is inconsistent in identifying memory deficits in OCD. However, memory problems are most evident when tests are used that require an implicit organizational strategy. While the majority of the research reviewed involves adult samples, there is emerging evidence that these deficits are present in children as well. It is suggested here that the interaction between organizational strategy deficits and the effort to recall unstructured information contributes to doubting, an important feature of OCD. Implications of this body of research for behavior therapy are considered

Foot and ankle: Core knowledge in orthopaedics

xvii, 394 hal; 28 c