THE POTENTIAL FOR EXPORTING VEGETABLES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF U.S. EXPORTERS

Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,

Placing dynamic sensors and actuators on flexible space structures

Input/Output Cost Analysis involves decompositions of the quadratic cost function into contributions from each stochastic input and each weighted output. In the past, these suboptimal cost decomposition methods of sensor and actuator selection (SAS) have been used to locate perfect (infinite bandwidth) sensor and actuators on large scale systems. This paper extends these ideas to the more practical case of imperfect actuators and sensors with dynamics of their own. NASA's SCOLE examples demonstrate that sensor and actuator dynamics affect the optimal selection and placement of sensors and actuators

A MICRO-ANALYSIS OF U.S. VEGETABLE MARKET PENETRATION IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS

Agribusiness, International Relations/Trade,

First North American record of the Palaearctic rhinophorid Stevenia deceptoria (Loew) (Diptera: Rhinophoridae)

The Rhinophoridae (Diptera) have a cosmopolitan distribution and a known fauna of about 150 species (Cerretti & Pape 2007). So far as known, all species are parasitoids of terrestrial woodlice (sow bugs) of the order Isopoda (Oniscoidea) (Pape 2010). Female rhinophorids lay eggs in the vicinity of potential hosts and the planidial first instars parasitize sow bugs as they pass by (Pape 1998). The only rhinophorids native to North America belong to the genera Apomorphyto Cerretti, Lo Giudice & Pape (with one described species from Costa Rica and an undetermined species from Nicaragua) and Bezzimyia Townsend (Pape 2010; Cerretti et al. 2014). Bezzimyia is a mostly Neotropical genus of 17 known species with two species reaching the southern United States (Texas and Arizona) (Pape & Arnaud 2001). Recently, the monophyly of Bezzimyia was called into question but the limits of the genus have yet to be formally revised (Cerretti et al. 2014). Two rhinophorids are well known as introductions from the Palaearctic Region, Melanophora roralis (Linnaeus) and Phyto discrepans Pandellé, with the former widespread in eastern North America, West Indies and South America (Crosskey 1977; Pape 2010) and the latter known only from Newfoundland (Canada) (Wood 1987). A key to separate the two species was given by Wood (1987). The genus Stevenia Robineau-Desvoidy is currently known from 23 species, all native to the Old World and most diverse in the West Palaearctic Region (Cerretti & Pape 2007). One species native to Europe and North Africa, Stevenia deceptoria (Loew), was reported recently as an introduction to Argentina by Mulieri et al. (2010). The authors recorded the species from several locations within Buenos Aires Province and hypothesized that it became established through the introduction of parasitized woodlice originating from the Palaearctic Region. Introduced woodlice are common in the New World (Jass & Klausmeier 2000) and parasitized immigrants or transported puparia most likely account for the presence of all three exotic rhinophorid species in North America. Mulieri et al. (2010) summarized the Palaearctic distribution of S. deceptoria, gave locality records of the species in Argentina, and provided a key to the five genera of Rhinophoridae known from the New World. Here we report another finding of Stevenia deceptoria in the Americas, this time from Ohio in North America. All records are from a single locality, the backyard of author GAD. Specimens were caught in a six metre Malaise trap (BioQuip® Products, Inc.) and killed in the trap head using a small piece of Hot Shot® No-Pest® Strip [active ingredient 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate 18.6%]. Trap samples were frozen and later sorted, with selected Diptera subsequently pinned and labeled. The first two specimens of S. deceptoria to be detected were removed, pinned, and labeled by JEOH and identified as S. deceptoria by PC (Cerretti & Pape 2007) (one of these specimens is shown in Fig. 1). Additional specimens were later found in earlier and later samples by GAD. Specimens are housed in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada (CNC) and the personal collection of Gregory Dahlem, Cincinnati, USA (GAD)

The beginnings of geography teaching and research in the University of Glasgow: the impact of J.W. Gregory

J.W. Gregory arrived in Glasgow from Melbourne in 1904 to take up the post of foundation Professor of Geology in the University of Glasgow. Soon after his arrival in Glasgow he began to push for the setting up of teaching in Geography in Glasgow, which came to pass in 1909 with the appointment of a Lecturer in Geography. This lecturer was based in the Department of Geology in the University's East Quad. Gregory's active promotion of Geography in the University was matched by his extensive writing in the area, in textbooks, journal articles and popular books. His prodigious output across a wide range of subject areas is variably accepted today, with much of his geomorphological work being judged as misguided to varying degrees. His 'social science' publications - in the areas of race, migration, colonisation and economic development of Africa and Australia - espouse a viewpoint that is unacceptable in the twenty-first century. Nonetheless, that viewpoint sits squarely within the social and economic traditions of Gregory's era, and he was clearly a key 'Establishment' figure in natural and social sciences research in the first half of the twentieth century. The establishment of Geography in the University of Glasgow remains enduring testimony of J.W. Gregory's energy, dedication and foresight

Winds and Waves (4 Min - 11 Yrs) in the Upper Middle Atmosphere (60-110 Km) at Saskatoon, Canada (52 Deg N, 107 Deg W): MF Radar (2.2 Mhz) Soundings 1973 - 1983

Examples of gravity waves (GW), tides, planetary waves (PW), and circulation effects in the upper middle atmosphere are presented. Energy densities of GW, tides, and PW are compared. Fourier and spectral analyses are applied to the data