9 research outputs found
Disorder, Path Integrals and Localization
Anderson localization is derived directly from the path integral
representation of quantum mechanics in the presence of a random potential
energy function. The probability distribution of the potential energy is taken
to be a Gaussian in function space with a given autocorrelation function.
Averaging the path integral itself we find that the localization length, in
one-dimension, is given by (E_{{\xi}}/{\sigma})(KE_{cl}/{\sigma}){\xi} where
E_{{\xi}} is the "correlation energy", KE_{cl} the average classical kinetic
energy, {\sigma} the root-mean-square variation of the potential energy and
{\xi} the autocorrelation length. Averaging the square of the path integral
shows explicitly that closed loops in the path when traversed forward and
backward in time lead to exponential decay, and hence localization. We also
show how, using Schwinger proper time, the path integral result can be directly
related to the Greens function commonly used to study localization.Comment: 6 pages, no figure
Propagation of Vortex Electron Wave Functions in a Magnetic Field
The physics of coherent beams of photons carrying axial orbital angular
momentum (OAM) is well understood and such beams, sometimes known as vortex
beams, have found applications in optics and microscopy. Recently electron
beams carrying very large values of axial OAM have been generated. In the
absence of coupling to an external electromagnetic field the propagation of
such vortex electron beams is virtually identical mathematically to that of
vortex photon beams propagating in a medium with a homogeneous index of
refraction. But when coupled to an external electromagnetic field the
propagation of vortex electron beams is distinctly different from photons. Here
we use the exact path integral solution to Schrodingers equation to examine the
time evolution of an electron wave function carrying axial OAM. Interestingly
we find that the nonzero OAM wave function can be obtained from the zero OAM
wave function, in the case considered here, simply by multipling it by an
appropriate time and position dependent prefactor. Hence adding OAM and
propagating can in this case be replaced by first propagating then adding OAM.
Also, the results shown provide an explicit illustration of the fact that the
gyromagnetic ratio for OAM is unity. We also propose a novel version of the
Bohm-Aharonov effect using vortex electron beams.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys Rev
Fourier, Gauss, Fraunhofer, Porod and the Shape from Moments Problem
We show how the Fourier transform of a shape in any number of dimensions can
be simplified using Gauss's law and evaluated explicitly for polygons in two
dimensions, polyhedra three dimensions, etc. We also show how this combination
of Fourier and Gauss can be related to numerous classical problems in physics
and mathematics. Examples include Fraunhofer diffraction patterns, Porods law,
Hopfs Umlaufsatz, the isoperimetric inequality and Didos problem. We also use
this approach to provide an alternative derivation of Davis's extension of the
Motzkin-Schoenberg formula to polygons in the complex plane.Comment: 21 pages, no figure
Analytic Computer Generated Hologram Design
For a given asphere the grating equation is used to derive the design for a
Computer Generated Hologram (CGH), sometimes referred to as a diffractive null
corrector. The CGH converts a spherical wavefront to the shape appropriate for
the given asphere as required for interferometric metrology. The derivation is
effectively analytic but may require numerical implementation in certain cases
depending on the complexity of the shape of the asphere and the accuracy
required.Comment: 21 pages, 8 figure
Nanomanufacturing: A Perspective
Nanomanufacturing,
the commercially scalable and economically sustainable
mass production of nanoscale materials and devices, represents the
tangible outcome of the nanotechnology revolution. In contrast to
those used in nanofabrication for research purposes, nanomanufacturing
processes must satisfy the additional constraints of cost, throughput,
and time to market. Taking silicon integrated circuit manufacturing
as a baseline, we consider the factors involved in matching processes
with products, examining the characteristics and potential of top-down
and bottom-up processes, and their combination. We also discuss how
a careful assessment of the way in which function can be made to follow
form can enable high-volume manufacturing of nanoscale structures
with the desired useful, and exciting, properties
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