AN ANNUAL MODEL OF PUREBRED BREEDING BULL PRICE

A geometric distributed lag model was hypothesized as the structural relationship between purebred breeding bull price and economic variables determining the bull's value as a productive asset. Parameter estimates for the nonstochastic difference equation were obtained from a data sample including nineteen years of average price paid for yearling purebred Hereford bulls. Statistical results supported the hypotheses; expected bull price was responsive to calf price and cowherd inventory. An oscillating geometric adjustment pattern was found which reflected periodicity in bull replacement decisions. The general conclusion was that relevant information is rapidly incorporated into purebred bull market behavior and price adjusts quickly

Minnesota Farm Business Notes No. 485

"Industrial and Geographic Changes in Minnesota Feed Manufacturing" and "Minnesota 'Hard-Core' Agribusiness Trends

Minnesota Agricultural Economist No. 516

Competition in Prepared Animal Feed Manufacturing in Minnesota; Minnesota's Expanding Fertilizer Industr

AN ANNUAL MODEL OF PUREBRED BREEDING BULL PRICE

A geometric distributed lag model was hypothesized as the structural relationship between purebred breeding bull price and economic variables determining the bullÂ’s value as a productive asset. Parameter estimates for the nonstochastic difference equation were obtained from a data sample including nineteen years of average price paid for yearling purebred Hereford bulls. Statistical results supported the hypotheses; expected bull price was responsive to calf price and cowherd inventory. An oscillating geometric adjustment pattern was found which reflected periodicity in bull replacement decisions. The general conclusion was that relevant information is rapidly incorporated into purebred bull market behavior and price adjusts quickly.Livestock Production/Industries,

Minnesota Agricultural Economist No. 531

Effective Price of Minnesota Dairy Feed; Grain Consuming Animal Units in Minnesot

Social demography and eugenics in the interwar United States

This article explores the relationship between eugenics and demography in the United States in the interwar era. In focusing on the founding of the International Union for the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems and the Population Association of America, it shows how early population scientists contested and negotiated the boundaries of the population field. The article maps the shifting focus away from biological interpretations of population dynamics toward the social, in part as a reaction to the rise of Fascist population research and policy. However, it also shows how social demography was closely intertwined with a "social eugenics" that attempted to ensure human betterment through methods more consistent with New Deal policymaking. This, the article argues, contributed critical intellectual and material resources to the development of social surveys of fertility behavior and contraceptive use, surveys that are more commonly perceived as having undermined eugenics through challenging the biologically deterministic assumptions upon which it was based. Copyright 2003 by The Population Council, Inc..

The Network City

The network approach to urban studies can be differentiated from other approaches by its insistence on the primacy of structures of interpersonal linkages, rather than the classification of social units according to their individual characteristics. Network analysis is an approach, leading to the formulation of particular kinds of questions, such as "who is linked to whom?" and "what is the structure and content of their relational network;" at the same time it is a methodology for their investigation. Following a discussion of network analytic methods, several of the key issues in urban studies are investigated from this perspective. Interpersonal ties in the city, migration, resource allocation, neighborhood and community are examined in terms of the network structures and processes that order and integrate urban activities. These structures and processes reveal themselves to be ever more complex and extensive at each level of the investigation. A view of the city itself as a network of networks is proposed. It is the organization of urban life by networks that makes the scale and diversity of the city a source of strength rather than chaos, while it is precisely that scale and diversity which makes the complex and widely-ramified network structures possible. The flexibility inherent in network structures can accommodate a variety of situations, while variations in the content and intensity of network linkages allows for the co-ordination and integration of widely different people and activities. It is the structural and processual adaptability of networks which fits them so admirably for their role as a central organizing principle in urban life

Patient and Process Outcomes among Pediatric Patients Undergoing Appendectomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Retrospective Cohort Study

BackgroundCOVID-19 forced healthcare systems to make unprecedented changes in clinical care processes. The authors hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted timely access to care, perioperative processes, and clinical outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing primary appendectomy.MethodsA retrospective, international, multicenter study was conducted using matched cohorts within participating centers of the international PEdiatric Anesthesia COVID-19 Collaborative (PEACOC). Patients younger than 18 yr old were matched using age, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status, and sex. The primary outcome was the difference in hospital length of stay of patients undergoing primary appendectomy during a 2-month period early in the COVID-19 pandemic (April to May 2020) compared with prepandemic (April to May 2019). Secondary outcomes included time to appendectomy and the incidence of complicated appendicitis.ResultsA total of 3,351 cases from 28 institutions were available with 1,684 cases in the prepandemic cohort matched to 1,618 in the pandemic cohort. Hospital length of stay was statistically significantly different between the two groups: 29 h (interquartile range: 18 to 79) in the pandemic cohort versus 28 h (interquartile range: 18 to 67) in the prepandemic cohort (adjusted coefficient, 1 [95% CI, 0.39 to 1.61]; P < 0.001), but this difference was small. Eight centers demonstrated a statistically significantly longer hospital length of stay in the pandemic period than in the prepandemic period, while 13 were shorter and 7 did not observe a statistically significant difference. During the pandemic period, there was a greater occurrence of complicated appendicitis, prepandemic 313 (18.6%) versus pandemic 389 (24.1%), an absolute difference of 5.5% (adjusted odds ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.1 to 1.59]; P = 0.003). Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing was associated with significantly longer time-to-appendectomy, 720 min (interquartile range: 430 to 1,112) with testing versus 414 min (interquartile range: 231 to 770) without testing, adjusted coefficient, 306 min (95% CI, 241 to 371; P < 0.001), and longer hospital length of stay, 31 h (interquartile range: 20 to 83) with testing versus 24 h (interquartile range: 14 to 68) without testing, adjusted coefficient, 7.0 (95% CI, 2.7 to 11.3; P = 0.002).ConclusionsFor children undergoing appendectomy, the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly impact hospital length of stay.Editor’s perspectiv