There was something grotesque : The Application and Limits of Respectability in the Daughters of Bilitis

Living in both the “deviant” and “normal” worlds, the leadership of The Daughters of Bilitis generally adhered to a respectable and assimilationist public persona as evidenced through political activities and the publication of their periodical The Ladder. Due to this juxtaposition, the largely middle-class, white membership exhibited socially conservative views in order to make long-term social change, leading to an inherent contradiction between maintaining their middle-class identity and public respectability. Seen from the organization’s founding in 1955 until its collapse in 1970, these contradictions and the focus on respectability politics adds to the existing scholarship on the DOB. The fifteen-year long span of the San Francisco chaptersaw evolution from their initial conservativism, but the women who helmed the DOB did not understand the complexities of their membership and relied upon middle-class respectability. This respectability included policies of personal and public education, reversal of negative stereotyping, and private socialization. The disparities that arose within the organization resulted in an ideological and political schism between maintaining respectability and agitation for more open political action, including picketing and demonstrations. The Daughters left a legacy for lesbian activism, despite their downfall, and later organizations would move past respectability and, largely as a result of the changing social climate, concentrate less on the public perception of lesbians and more on social equality for homosexuals

Cultural Landscapes, Past and Present, and the South Yukon Ice Patches

South Yukon First Nations governments are partners in the Yukon Ice Patch Project investigating the mountaintop snow and ice patches where ancient hunting artifacts are being recovered. Heritage programs operated by these governments, which coordinate their citizens’ engagement in these activities, emphasize intangible cultural heritage. They view the project as an opportunity to strengthen culture, enhance citizens’ understanding of their history, and express First Nations values regarding cultural resources. As the primary mammal subsistence species for south Yukon Indian people is now moose, the ice patch discoveries highlight the historical role of caribou in their culture and increase awareness of the environmental history of their homelands. The cultural landscape concept is used to frame the present indigenous involvement in the Yukon ice patch investigations, as well as the past use of these unique landscape features and ancient land-use patterns. The Yukon Ice Patch Project reflects the contemporary context of the territory, where indigenous governments are actively involved in managing and interpreting their cultural heritage.Les gouvernements des Premières Nations du sud du Yukon figurent au rang des partenaires du projet des névés du Yukon, dans le cadre duquel des chercheurs font des fouilles dans les névés de sommet de montagnes où d’anciens artefacts de chasse sont retrouvés. Les programmes du patrimoine administrés par ces gouvernements, qui coordonnent la participation de leurs citoyens à ces activités, mettent l’accent sur le patrimoine culturel immatériel. Aux yeux de ces gouvernements, ce projet constitue une occasion de renforcer leur culture, de faire en sorte que les citoyens connaissent mieux leur histoire et d’exprimer les valeurs des Premières Nations en ce qui a trait aux ressources culturelles. La principale espèce de subsistance des Autochtones du sud du Yukon est maintenant l’orignal, mais les découvertes des névés font ressortir le rôle historique du caribou au sein de leur culture et leur font connaître davantage l’histoire de leur environnement. On se sert du concept du paysage culturel pour encadrer la participation actuelle des Autochtones aux fouilles des névés du Yukon ainsi que pour définir l’utilisation passée de ces caractéristiques uniques du paysage et des anciennes tendances d’utilisation des terres. Le projet des névés du Yukon reflète le contexte contemporain du territoire, où les gouvernements autochtones s’adonnent à la gestion et à l’interprétation active de leur patrimoine culturel

The New Zealand Experience of a Design-Led Approach to Post-Earthquake Recovery in Christchurch

This paper evaluates the masterplan for Christchurch which was conceived in the wake of the 2011 earthquakes, against projects completed in the intervening 8 years, paying special attention to three key objectives of the blueprint: a low-rise/compact core, a green city, and an accessible city. The paper finds that the design-led, top down, recovery approach forms a minimal framework for recovery, and that successful regeneration following the recovery phase will require significant community engagement and coherent governance

Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption And Lesion Localisation In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis With Predominant Cerebellar And Brainstem Involvement

The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in determining lesion distribution was assessed in an atypical model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in C3H/HeJ mice by immunisation with peptide 190-209 of myelin proteolipid protein, which can result in two distinct types of EAE, each with distinct lesion distribution. Areas of the BBB showing constitutively greater permeability in naive mice did not correlate with the lesion distribution in EAE. BBB disruption occurred only in sites of inflammatory cell infiltration. Irrespective of the clinical type, the BBB was disrupted in the cerebellum and brainstem. Pertussis toxin had no effect on lesion distribution. Thus, lesion distribution is not influenced solely by BBB permeability

Ethnographic and Archaeological Investigations of Alpine Ice Patches in Southwest Yukon, Canada

Since the original 1997 discovery of ancient hunting implements in melting alpine ice patches of southern Yukon, approximately 146 well-preserved, organic artifacts have been recovered. Most of the artifacts, variously made of antler, bone, wood, and stone, represent complete or partial examples of throwing-dart (atlatl) and bow-and-arrow technology. Radiocarbon dates obtained thus far range from 8360 BP to 90 BP (uncalibrated). Our research indicates that in southern Yukon, throwing-dart technology persisted from at least 8360 BP to approximately 1250 BP, when it was abruptly replaced by bow-and-arrow technology. The collection has afforded archaeologists and First Nation researchers a unique opportunity to learn about past hunting technologies and practices and thus greatly improve our understanding of the enduring relationships between humans and caribou.Depuis la découverte en 1997 d'anciens objets de chasse dans les plaques de glace alpines du sud du Yukon, environ 146 artéfacts organiques bien conservés ont été récupérés. La plupart des artéfacts, faits de bois d'animal, d'os, de bois ou de pierre, représentent des exemples complets ou partiels de propulseur lance-javelins (atlatl) et d'une technologie axée sur l'utilisation d'arc et de flèches. La datation au radiocarbone varie de 8360 ans B.P. à 90 ans B.P. (non étalonné). Les recherches effectuées rélèvent que dans le sud-est du Yukon, la technologie reposant sur l'utilisation du lance-javelines a été en usage de 8360 ans B.P. au moins jusqu'à environ 1250 ans B.P., époque à laquelle elle fut soudain remplacé par la technologie reposant sur l'utilisation de l'ensemble arc et flèche. Grâce à cette collection, les archéologues et les chercheurs des premières nations ont pu en apprendre davantage sur les technologies et les méthodes de chasse utilisées à cette époque et ainsi améliorer leur compréhension des relations durables entre l'humain et le caribou

Development of a Geographic Information System for Natural Resources and Recreational Facilities

unpublishednot peer reviewedOpe

Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which causes progressive neurological disability. The disease is characterised pathologically by destruction of the myelin sheaths, which surround nerve fibres in the CNS. It is believed that this tissue damage in the brain and spinal cord of MS patients is caused by an inflammatory response that is initiated when autoreactive T cells, specific for myelin antigens, cross the blood-brain barrier and detect their antigen within the CNS. As a result, most therapies to date have been immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory in nature, targeting the process involved in activation and migration of leukocytes and promotion of the immune response. Over the last decade, a family of chemotactic cytokines called chemokines, have been found to be involved in the trafficking of leukocytes in both the normal and pathological states. The expression of these chemokines and their receptors is increased during the acute phase of MS and also in the animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As a result, these chemokines have become an emerging focus for research into novel therapeutics for EAE and ultimately MS. This review will briefly describe the structure and function of chemokines and their receptors, before discussing the latest advances in developing pharmacological agents to block the effects of chemokines involved in promoting the inflammatory response in EAE and MS