Lower Doses of Fructose Extend Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans

© 2017, Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Epidemiological studies indicate that the increased consumption of sugars including sucrose and fructose in beverages correlate with the prevalence of obesity, type-2 diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension in humans. A few reports suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In Anopheles gambiae, fructose, glucose, or glucose plus fructose also extended lifespan. New results presented here suggest that fructose extends lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) wild type (N2). C. elegans were fed standard laboratory food source (E. coli OP50), maintained in liquid culture. Experimental groups received additional glucose (111 mM), fructose (55 mM, 111 mM, or 555 mM), sucrose (55 mM, 111 mM, or 555 mM), glucose (167 mM) plus fructose (167 mM) (G&F), or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS, 333 mM). In four replicate experiments, fructose dose-dependently increased mean lifespan at 55 mM or 111 m Min N2, but decreased lifespan at 555 mM (P \u3c 0.001). Sucrose did not affect the lifespan. Glucose reduced lifespan (P \u3c 0.001). Equal amount of G&F or HFCS reduced lifespan (P \u3c 0.0001). Intestinal fat deposition (IFD) was increased at a higher dose of fructose (555 mM), glucose (111 mM), and sucrose (55 mM, 111 mM, and 555 mM). Here we report a biphasic effect of fructose increasing lifespan at lower doses and shortening lifespan at higher doses with an inverse effect on IFD. In view of reports that fructose increases lifespan in yeast, mosquitoes and now nematodes, while decreasing fat deposition (in nematodes) at lower concentrations, further research into the relationship of fructose to lifespan and fat accumulation in vertebrates and mammals is indicated

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Cytotoxicity of juglone and thymoquinone against pancreatic cancer cells

Juglone and thymoquinone are cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate, using an analysis of isobolograms, the type and degree of interactions between juglone and thymoquinone on MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. Cell death was determined by flow cytometry. The IC value for juglone and TQ in combination was found to be 24.75 μM, which was higher than juglone or TQ alone. Juglone alone killed Mia Paca-2 cells by ferroptosis. At concentrations where 10, 20 or 50% of cells were affected, there existed a moderate antagonistic relationship between juglone and TQ as indicated by the combination index (CI) value determined by the Compusyn software. At concentrations that affected 75% and 90% of cells, there were nearly an additive effect with CI value of 1.09249 and 0.92391, respectively. Moderate synergism was only seen at concentration where 95% of cells were affected, and the corresponding concentration of juglone and TQ at that combination was 40.90 μM and 511.19 μM, respectively