A tidally interacting disk in the young triple system WL 20?

We present high-resolution λ = 2.7 mm imaging of the close triple pre-main-sequence system WL 20. Compact dust emission with integrated flux density of 12.9 ± 1.3 mJy is associated with two components of the triple system, WL 20W and WL 20S. No emission above a 3 σ level of 3.9 mJy is detected toward the third component, WL 20E, which lies 3."17 (400 AU) due east in projection from its neighbors. A possibly warped structure of ~0.1 M_☉ and ≤3."2 extent encompasses WL 20W and WL 20S, which have a projected separation of 2."25 (~280 AU) along a north-south axis. This structure is most likely a tidally disrupted disk surrounding WL 20S. New near-infrared spectra of the individual components show a remarkable similarity between the two T Tauri stars of the system: WL 20E has a K7 spectral type (T_eff = 4040 K) with r_K = 0.2, and WL 20W has an M0 spectral type (T_eff = 3800 K) with r_K = 0.2. The spectrum of WL 20S is consistent with that of a source intrinsically similar to WL 20W, with r_K < 0.9, but seen through an A_V = 25 in addition to the A_V = 16.3 to the system as a whole. Taken together, these millimeter and infrared data help explain the peculiar nature of the infrared companion, WL 20S, as resulting from a large enhancement in its dusty, circumstellar environment in relation to its companions

Competencies of the law enforcement special operator : implications for law enforcement organizations and police special operations

The law enforcement special operations environment is changing. Officers are faced with challenges that are increasing in complexity as weapons availability and acts of terrorism force the tactical community to respond with better training and tactics. The purpose of this study is to identify a competency model needed to successfully perform as a law enforcement special operator over the next 5-10 years. In addition, the study identifies the core competencies that formulate the Law Enforcement Special Operator Competency Model. Implications for how police organizations can use the research for professional development are also discussed. This study utilizes three distinct phases of data collection. These phases, which include focus groups, a nationwide survey, and interviews with experts, result in a comprehensive Law Enforcement Special Operator Competency Model. The model consists of 46 core competencies bundled into four clusters. Police trainers and the field of higher education can use the model to build curriculums for tactical officers and leadership. A sample curriculum for a professional seminar is included in this research. Further research in this area could focus on using this research to create S.W.A.T. operator selection processes

Optimization of the Ballistic Guide Design for the SNS FNPB 8.9 A Neutron Line

The optimization of the ballistic guide design for the SNS Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline 8.9 A line is described. With a careful tuning of the shape of the curve for the tapered section and the width of the straight section, this optimization resulted in more than 75% increase in the neutron flux exiting the 33 m long guide over a straight m=3.5 guide with the same length.Comment: 21 pages, 13 figures; added a paragraph on existing ballistic guides to respond to referee comments; accepted for publication in Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research,

The Association between US Adolescents’ Weight Status, Weight Perception, Weight Satisfaction, and Their Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviors

Background: It remain unclear that the association between weight status, weight perception, weight satisfaction and the clustering of physical activity (PA) and dietary behaviors in adolescents. Method: A cross-sectional analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the US Department of Agriculture’s Food Patterns Equivalents 2007–2014 data from adolescents aged 12–17 years (n = 2965) was conducted. Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics examined the association between weight status, weight perception, weight satisfaction, and the four created lifestyle groups (healthier behaviors, healthier diet only, physically active only, unhealthier behaviors). Results: Males with obesity were more likely to be in the healthier diet only group than males with a normal weight (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.52). Similar patterns were found in males who perceived themselves as being overweight or having obesity (OR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.99) and males with obesity who perceived their weight status accurately (OR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.88). Female respondents who were satisfied with their weight were 59% less likely to be in the healthier diet only group than healthier behaviors group compared with females who were weight dissatisfied (OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23, 0.75). This pattern was not observed in males. Conclusions: Clustering PA and dietary behaviors were associated with weight status and weight perception for males but not females. Weight satisfaction was associated with clustered PA and dietary behaviors for females. These findings are important for obesity prevention policies and programs to better address adolescents’ obesity and reduce health disparities in this population

Parametric resonance enhancement in neutron interferometry and application for the search for non-Newtonian gravity

The parametric resonance enhancement of the phase of neutrons due to non-Newtonian anomalous gravitationis considered. The existence of such resonances is confirmed by numerical calculations. A possible experimentalscheme for observing this effect is discussed based on an existing neutron interferometer design

A Nutrition Intervention to Increase Whole Grain Intake in College Students

This study aimed to improve whole grain (WG) intake and coronary heart disease risk factors in 98 college students through an intervention in campus dining halls. The exploratory aim was to evaluate the impact of text messaging on diet and coronary heart disease risk. The 6-week intervention consisted of WG and low-fat dairy messages in campus dining halls and text messages to a subsample (n = 26). WG intake, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body weight, and body mass index significantly increased over time. Total dairy intake decreased over time. Overall, the intervention had a positive impact on WG consumption and on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Fundamental Neutron Physics at Spallation Sources

Low-energy neutrons have been a useful probe in fundamental physics studies for more than 70 years. With advances in accelerator technology, many new sources are spallation based. These new, high-flux facilities are becoming the sites for many next-generation fundamental neutron physics experiments. In this review, we present an overview of the sources and the current and upcoming fundamental neutron physics programs

Establishing Criterion Validity for the Revised Critical Nutrition Literacy Tool in U.S. College Students

BACKGROUND: Critical nutrition literacy (CNL) plays an important role in how college students make everyday decisions about nutrition choices. Increasing CNL is an aim of many introductory nutrition courses, but there are limited instruments measuring this construct. This study aimed to assess the changeability of CNL and the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality in young adults. DESIGN: This was a two-phase research project consisting of a nonexperimental, pre–post study and a cross-sectional assessment from 2018 to 2019. Participants were U.S. college students, 18-24 years old, recruited from introductory-level courses from three participating universities, located in Rhode Island, West Virginia, and New Jersey. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Interventions consisted of (1) a 4-credit, 13-week nutrition course and (2) a cross-sectional, online behavior, environment, and perception survey. CNL was measured using the Revised CNL Tool (CNLT-R) instrument across both phases. Measures for phases include: (1) the changeability of CNL and (2) the relationship between CNL and markers of diet quality. ANALYSIS: Paired t-tests and multivariate analysis of variance were utilized through SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: CNL score significantly increased from baseline to postintervention from 3.38 ± 0.48 to 3.61 ± 0.55 (P = 0.014). There was an overall significant effect of CNL on markers of diet quality, such as cups of fruits and vegetables (F/V) and teaspoons of added sugar (F [2,1321] = 3.12, P \u3c 0.05; Wilks\u27 Λ = 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: This research found that an introduction to nutrition course was associated with an increase in CNL and that CNL is related to diet quality. The instrument could be used by nutrition educators as an outcome assessment. Future research should investigate other components of the CNL construct as well as predictive validity. Keywords: Decision-making, health behavior, health education, health literacy, young adul

The Green Eating Project: web-based intervention to promote environmentally conscious eating behaviours in US university students

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of an online, interactive intervention, referred to as the Green Eating (GE) Project, to motivate university students to adopt GE behaviours. Design: The study was quasi-experimental and integrated into courses for credit/extra credit. Courses were randomly stratified into experimental or non-treatment control. The 5-week intervention consisted of four modules based on different GE topics. Participants completed the GE survey at baseline (experimental, n 241; control, n 367) and post (experimental, n 187; control, n 304). The GE survey has been previously validated and consists of Transtheoretical Model constructs including stage of change (SOC), decisional balance (DB: Pros and Cons) and self-efficacy (SE: School and Home) as well as behaviours for GE. Modules contained basic information regarding each topic and knowledge items to assess content learning. Setting: The GE Project took place at a public university in the north-eastern USA. Subjects: Participants were full-time students between the ages of 18 and 24 years. Results: The GE Project was effective in significantly increasing GE behaviours, DB Pros, SE School and knowledge in experimental compared with control, but did not reduce DB Cons or increase SE Home. Experimental participants were also more likely to be in later SOC for GE at post testing. Conclusions: The GE Project was effective in increasing GE behaviours in university students. Motivating consumers towards adopting GE could assist in potentially mitigating negative consequences of the food system on the environment. Future research could tailor the intervention to participant SOC to further increase the effects or design the modules for other participants

Relationships of eating competence, sleep behaviors and quality, and overweight status among college students

Little is known about the relationships between eating competence (intra-individual approach to eating and food-related attitudes and behaviors that entrain positive bio-psychosocial outcomes) and sleep behaviors and quality in college students, a high-risk group for poor eating habits, weight gain, and inadequate sleep. Thus, data from full-time college students (N = 1035; 82% White; 61% female) aged 18–24 years from 5 U.S. universities were obtained from online questionnaires (eating competence (ecSI), Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), physical activity, demographics) and physical assessments (measured height, weight), to explore sleep behavior and quality between eating-competent (EC; ecSI score ≥ 32) and non-EC groups (ecSI \u3c 32). Generalized linear models controlling for gender, body mass index, and physical activity were utilized. A higher proportion of those in the EC group reported adequate sleep quality (67% vs. 57% in non-EC, p = 0.001), sleep duration of ≥ 7 h nightly (58% vs. 50% in non-EC, p = 0.007), and infrequent daytime dysfunction (72% vs. 65% in non-EC, p = 0.02). When ecSI scores were grouped as tertiles, those in the highest tertile reported a higher prevalence of no sleep disturbances (7% vs. 2% in the lowest ecSI tertile, p = 0.006) and lower prevalence of sleep medication use (10% vs. 15% in the lowest ecSI tertile, p = 0.04). Results suggest that competent eaters are more likely to have better overall sleep quality and fewer sleep-related issuescompared to less competent eaters. These findings may inform future longitudinal studies, and health promotion and weight management interventions for young adults