The effect of tax structure in economic growth

The main goal of this paper is to analyse the effect of the tax structure in the economic growth of Kosovo in the period 2007-2015. The study intends to evaluate the impact of specific types of taxes on economic growth. The methodology is based on comparative analysis of data using primary and secondary sources. Through the econometric model and linear regression analysis, the research hypotheses have been tested with STATA application/software to calculate the impact of tax structure in economic growth. The econometric model includes several independent variables (types of taxes), and the dependent variable GDP. Based on data obtained through the log-log model, the results show the impact of special taxes such as Pt, It, VAT, Wt, Ibt, Tdr.., Ct on GDP. The results show that most of the taxes have a positive impact on GDP growth; it is also shown that not all taxes have the same impact on economic growth. In the econometric analysis the coefficient of R2=0,999 reflects the high degree of determination with 99.9% forecasting accuracy.peer-reviewe

Tomato: a crop species amenable to improvement by cellular and molecular methods

Tomato is a crop plant with a relatively small DNA content per haploid genome and a well developed genetics. Plant regeneration from explants and protoplasts is feasable which led to the development of efficient transformation procedures. In view of the current data, the isolation of useful mutants at the cellular level probably will be of limited value in the genetic improvement of tomato. Protoplast fusion may lead to novel combinations of organelle and nuclear DNA (cybrids), whereas this technique also provides a means of introducing genetic information from alien species into tomato. Important developments have come from molecular approaches. Following the construction of an RFLP map, these RFLP markers can be used in tomato to tag quantitative traits bred in from related species. Both RFLP's and transposons are in the process of being used to clone desired genes for which no gene products are known. Cloned genes can be introduced and potentially improve specific properties of tomato especially those controlled by single genes. Recent results suggest that, in principle, phenotypic mutants can be created for cloned and characterized genes and will prove their value in further improving the cultivated tomato.

Literature and Medicine: Benefits of and Barriers to the Implementation of Book Clubs for Health Care Professionals

Background: While traditional medical education emphasizes acquiring knowledge and technical skill, there is increasing recognition of the role humanities play in improving medical practice, interprofessional development, and patient-provider relationships. This study analyzes the benefits, drawbacks, and barriers to implementing Vermont Humanities Council’s (VHC) narrative book club, Literature and Medicine (L&M), in clinical settings to determine post-pandemic feasibility and best practices for program expansion. Methods: Two subject groups were interviewed: Vermont clinical institutions with and without narrative book clubs. Following interviews, the benefits, drawbacks, and barriers to implementation were coded to analyze differing perspectives from institutions with and without book clubs. These results were amalgamated into recommendations for VHC to guide its expansion of L&M. Results: Hospitals currently running L&M reported numerous benefits, the foremost being interprofessional development and learning new perspectives. The hospitals reported a spread of professions represented in L&M. Hospitals not currently running L&M reported interprofessional development as the major perceived benefit. Additionally, these hospitals reported an average interest of 4/5 in developing a program with VHC. However, significant barriers exist; time and staffing issues were reported as areas of concern for hospitals considering implementation. Conclusion: Interprofessional development and peer learning can be achieved through L&M. These results reflect the known positive outcomes cited in humanities-based medical programming. However, barriers to implementation must be addressed for successful implementation. Any novel L&M program must address the time commitments and constraints of an already overworked population.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1349/thumbnail.jp

Some Uses and Potentials of Qualitative Methods in Planning

Planners use methods borrowed from many disciplines. These are usually modified and adapted to meet planner's needs to acquire and sift through many diverse information sources helpful in dealing with complex problems. The quantitative methods which planners use are well known, well established in practice, and acknowledged by most as tools of the planners' trade. In contrast to this, most planners also use qualitative methods but these are rarely explicitly acknowledged.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68912/2/10.1177_0739456X8600600110.pd