OTA testing of near‐field and far‐field communication links

Abstract In this work, near‐field and far‐field link measurement in metal enclosure environment is performed. The performance of near‐field and far‐field links are assessed using key performance indicators such as error vector magnitude, bit error rate, and signal‐to‐noise ratio. The metal enclosure is placed in an anechoic chamber, ensuring a stationary measurement environment. There are no external interference sources and the results are a function of near‐field and far‐field scenarios and hardware impairments. In measurements, software‐defined radios used for the transmission and reception of image data using the long‐term evolution‐advanced physical layer. Based on the results of the study, an optimum gain region can be determined where better key performance indicators are achieved. Furthermore, the frequency selectivity of the channel is reduced within the determined optimum gain region, leading to an improvement in the system's performance

Rethinking Cuts in Public Higher Education: An American Example

Recent cuts in public higher education spending have often been matched by tuition increases. This may result in a decline in the number of college graduates that a state produces. The secondary effect might be that personal income and personal income tax receipts decline. Utilizing a net present value model, we quantify these results using New York State data. Furthermore, we utilize sensitivity analysis to ensure the robustness of the model. Finding that potential revenue losses quickly dwarf the short-run savings, we advocate a longer-term analysis of budget cuts that are accompanied by tuition increases.

Selectively Promiscuous Opioid Ligands: Discovery of High Affinity/Low Efficacy Opioid Ligands with Substantial Nociceptin Opioid Peptide Receptor Affinity

Emerging clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that a compound displaying high affinity for μ, κ, and δ opioid (MOP, KOP, and DOP) receptors and antagonist activity at each, coupled with moderate affinity and efficacy at nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptors will have utility as a relapse prevention agent for multiple types of drug abuse. Members of the orvinol family of opioid ligands have the desired affinity profile but have typically displayed substantial efficacy at MOP and or KOP receptors. In this study it is shown that a phenyl ring analogue (<b>1d</b>) of buprenorphine displays the desired profile in vitro with high, nonselective affinity for the MOP, KOP, and DOP receptors coupled with moderate affinity for NOP receptors. In vivo, <b>1d</b> lacked any opioid agonist activity and was an antagonist of both the MOP receptor agonist morphine and the KOP receptor agonist ethylketocyclazocine, confirming the desired opioid receptor profile in vivo