6 research outputs found
Ralgro-implanted bulls: Performance, carcass characteristics, longissimus palatability and carcass electrical stimulation
Twenty of 40 Angus bulls were implanted
(I) five times with 36 mg of Ralgro| at average
intervals of 106 d, beginning near birth. All
bulls and their dams were on bluestem pasture
initially and, at an average age of 320 d bulls
were fed a concentrate diet until they were
slaughtered, weighing either 454 or 499 kg. One
side of each carcass was electrically stimulated.
Average daily gain and feed efficiency of I
bulls improved 6.5 to 10.4% and 7.9 to 8.1%,
respectively, depending upon the end point
comparison with nonimplanted (NI) bulls. Implanted
bulls attained their slaughter weights 42
d sooner than did NI bulls. Implantation
decreased (P<.05) penis weight and length,
testicle weight, volume and density, but did not
affect (P>.05) seminal vesicle and pituitary
weights. Carcasses from I bulls had more
(P<.05) skeletal ossification and were fatter
than carcasses from NI bulls. Marbling scores,
quality grades and longissimus cooking losses
and juiciness scores were not affected (P>.05)
by implantation. Taste panel flavor intensity
and detectable connective tissue scores were
higher (P<.05) for steaks from I bulls than
from NI bulls. Longissimus steak tenderness
evaluations were higher (P<.05) for both I
slaughter groups than for the NI light-weight group and were higher (P<.05) for the I lightweight
group than for the NI heavy-weight
group. Longissimus tenderness tended (P = .11)
to be higher for steaks from the I heavy-weight
group than those from the NI heavy-weight
group. Electrical stimulation produced (P<.05)
a softer, coarser textured lean, but it did not
affect lean color, marbling or quality grade.
Steaks from electrically stimulated sides tended
to have higher (P = .09) myofibrillar tenderness
scores and lower (P = .06) flavor scores than
steaks from nonstimulated sides
Saturn Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics
2 Saturn inhabits a dynamical regime of rapidly rotating, internally heated atmospheres similar to Jupiter. Zonal winds have remained fairly steady since the time of Voyager except in the equatorial zone and slightly stronger winds occur at deeper levels. Eddies supply energy to the jets at a rate somewhat less than on Jupiter and mix potential vorticity near westward jets. Convective clouds exist preferentially in cyclonic shear regions as on Jupiter but also near jets, including major outbreaks near 35°S associated with Saturn electrostatic discharges, and in sporadic giant equatorial storms perhaps generated from frequent events at depth. The implied meridional circulation at and below the visible cloud tops consists of upwelling (downwelling) at cyclonic (anti-cyclonic) shear latitudes. Thermal winds decay upward above the clouds, implying a reversal of the circulation there. Warm-core vortices with associated cyclonic circulations exist at both poles, including surrounding thick high clouds at the south pole. Disequilibrium gas concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere imply rising motion there. The radiative-convective boundary and tropopause occur at higher pressure in the southern (summer) hemisphere due to greater penetration of solar heating there. A temperature “knee ” of warm air below the tropopause, perhaps due to haze heating, is stronger in the summer hemisphere as well. Saturn’s south polar stratosphere is warmer than predicted by radiative models and enhanced in ethane, suggesting subsidence-driven adiabatic warming there. Recent modeling advances suggest that shallow weather laye
Evidence of Injection Driven Aurora at Jupiter during Juno Perijove 5
Injections in Jupiter's magnetosphere are a dynamic process associated with the inward transport of hot plasma, containing ions and electrons with energies into the keV or even MeV. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between electron injections observed in Jupiter's equatorial magnetosphere and transient aurora near Jupiter's main emission [e.g. Mauk et al. 2002]. Here, we present observations from several instruments on Juno between ~03:00 to 05:00 UT on DOY 86 2017 that link electron injection signatures observed at high-latitudes to bright UV emissions near Jupiter's main aurora. These injections, observed at magnetic latitudes of ~50oN and jovicentric distances of ~5.5 – 8 jovian radii (1 RJ ~ 71,400 km), were identified by sudden intensity depletions and enhancements in the low ( 50 keV) energy electrons. They are likely connected to several transient UV emission features observed at jovigraphic latitudes of ~55o – 60oN, lasting for tens of minutes, with high color ratios consistent with an energetic electron source. These combined observations allow us to directly compare the measured in-situ properties of electrons associated with injection events (pitch angle distributions, characteristic energy, energy flux) to the remote observations of the UV emissions that they produce