GENES DEL COMPLEJO MAYOR DE HISTOCOMPATIBILIDAD (CMH), EN LA MORTALIDAD INFANTIL; HIPÓTESIS.

<p>El análisis del efecto de la raza (etnicidad) en la mortalidad infantil contradice la teoría genética y favorece mecanismos socioeconómicos. En este trabajo usamos la variabilidad genética, medida por los bloques genéticos HLA-DRB1*, DQB1*, de las células del cordón umbilical de un banco público en Ciudad de México, para plantear una hipótesis que sugiere la interacción entre esta variabilidad genética y la microbiota en un factor de riesgo para mortalidad infantil. La microbiota es un ecosistema que participa en la regulación de la respuesta inmune de los individuos, sin embargo, en estados de desnutrición e infecciones no tratadas la alteración en la microbiota normal puede producir estados Proinfl amatorio agudo y crónico que unidos a genes de susceptibilidad del (CMH) como los bloques HLA-DRB1*, DQB1* presentes en enfermedades autoinmunes puede causar mortalidad infantil.</p><p>En los países desarrollados, en los cuales puede disminuir el estado pro-infl amatorio debido a infecciones crónicas existe otro problema, la combinación de genes del CMH con otros genes se asocian con autoinmunidad (enfermedades poligénicas); susceptibilidad y mezcla genética contribuyen a la incidencia de auto-inmunidad. En el futuro es necesario mejorar la salud de la población total para producir un equilibrio de la microbiota sin destruir selectivamente porciones de ella.</p><p><span>Palabras clave:</span> Bloques del CMH, mortalidad infantil, Microbiota, Autoinmunidad.</p><p><strong>MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) GENES IN INFANTILE MORTALITY. HYPOTHESIS</strong></p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Studies analyzing the role of ethnicity in infantile mortality contradicted the genetic theory and favor the role of socioeconomic influences. In this work we used the genetic variability, measured by the differences in the frequency of the genetic block HLA-DRB1*, DQB1* in the cells of a public bank of umbilical cord to propose a hypothesis suggesting an interaction between these genetic variability and the microbiota as a risk factor in infantile mortality. The microbiota is an ecosystem, which participates in the regulation of immune responses.</p><p>However, in malnutrition and untreated infections an alteration in the normal microbiota mig ht produce acute or chronic pro-inflammatory states that together with susceptibility genes within the MHC, HLA-DRB1*, DQB1* present in autoimmune diseases can produce infantile mortality. In developed countries, in which there are less pro-inflammatory states during, the problem could be that the combination of genes within the MHC with other genes is associated with autoimmunity (polygenic diseases); genetic susceptibility together with the genetic admixture contribute to the incidence of autoimmunity. In the future, it is then necessary to improve health of the entire population to produce a balance of the microbiota without destroying selectively part of it.</p><p><span>Key words:</span> MCH blocks, infantile mortality, microbiota, autoimmunity.</p&gt

A comparison of genome-scans performed in multicase families with systemic lupus erythematosus from different population groups

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of unknown etiology. Multiple genetic factors are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. In addition, and due to genetic heterogeneity, these factors and/or their combinations may be different in different ethnic groups, while some might be shared between populations. We have performed genome scans in multicase families from three different population groups, two from Northern Europe, with a high degree of homogeneity, and the third from a recently admixed population of Mexican Mestizos. Although our family material is relatively small, the results presented here show that using family sets from well defined populations are sufficient to detect susceptibility loci for SLE. Our results also reveal the chromosomal regions most likely to contain susceptibility genes for SLE

Tatiana Riabouchinska (centre) and artists of the company, in Les sylphides, The Original Ballet Russe, Australian tour, His Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne, 1940 (3) [picture] /

Condition: Poor, silvering.; From: Les sylphides : a romantic reverie in one act / by Michel Fokine ; music by Frédéric Chopin, orchestrated by Vittorio Rieti.; Inscription: "3B/22".; Part of the collection: Hugh P. Hall collection of photographs, 1938-1940.; Performed March - June 1940.; Choreography by Michel Fokine ; scenery by Prince A. Schervachidze, after Jean Corot ; costumes executed by O. Larose.; Also available in an electronic version via the Internet at: http://nla.gov.au/nla.pic-vn4180327. One of a collection of photographs taken by Hugh P. Hall of 28 ballet productions performed by the Covent Garden Russian Ballet (toured Australia 1938-1939) and the Original Ballet Russe (toured Australia 1939-1940). These are the second and third of the three Ballets Russes companies which toured Australasia between 1936 and 1940. The photographs were taken from the auditorium during a live performance in His Majesty's Theatre, Melbourne and mounted on cardboard for display purposes. For conservation and storage, the photographs have been demounted. The original arrangement of the photographs has been recorded, and details are available from the Pictures Branch of the National Library

HUMAN GENETICS The genetics of Mexico recapitulates Native American substructure and affects biomedical traits

Stanford University; Department of Genetics; Federal Government of Mexico; Ministry of Health; Mexican Health Foundation (FUNSALUD); Gonzalo Rio Arronte Foundation; George Rosenkranz Prize for Health Care Research in Developing Countries; University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Chancellor's Research Fellowship; Dissertation Year Fellowship; NIH Training Grants [T32GM007175, T32HG000044]; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Amos Medical Faculty Development Award; Sandler Foundation; American Asthma Foundation; CONACYT [129693]; BBSRC grant [BB/I021213/1]; National Institutes of Health (NIH) [R01GM090087, R01HG003229, ES015794, GM007546, GM061390, HL004464, HL078885, HL088133, HL111636, RR000083, P60MD006902, ZIA ES49019]; National Science Foundation [DMS-1201234]; Intramural Research Program of NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Science

The genetics of Mexico recapitulates Native American substructure and affects biomedical traits

Mexico harbors great cultural and ethnic diversity, yet fine-scale patterns of human genome-wide variation from this region remain largely uncharacterized. We studied genomic variation within Mexico from over 1,000 individuals representing 20 indigenous and 11 mestizo populations. We found striking genetic stratification among indigenous populations within Mexico at varying degrees of geographic isolation. Some groups were as differentiated as Europeans are from East Asians. Pre-Columbian genetic substructure is recapitulated in the indigenous ancestry of admixed mestizo individuals across the country. Furthermore, two independently phenotyped cohorts of Mexicans and Mexican Americans showed a significant association between sub-continental ancestry and lung function. Thus, accounting for fine-scale ancestry patterns is critical for medical and population genetic studies within Mexico, in Mexican-descent populations, and likely in many other populations worldwide

The genetics of Mexico recapitulates Native American substructure and affects biomedical traits

Mexico harbors great cultural and ethnic diversity, yet fine-scale patterns of human genome-wide variation from this region remain largely uncharacterized. We studied genomic variation within Mexico from over 1000 individuals representing 20 indigenous and 11 mestizo populations. We found striking genetic stratification among indigenous populations within Mexico at varying degrees of geographic isolation. Some groups were as differentiated as Europeans are from East Asians. Pre-Columbian genetic substructure is recapitulated in the indigenous ancestry of admixed mestizo individuals across the country. Furthermore, two independently phenotyped cohorts of Mexicans and Mexican Americans showed a significant association between subcontinental ancestry and lung function. Thus, accounting for fine-scale ancestry patterns is critical for medical and population genetic studies within Mexico, in Mexican-descent populations, and likely in many other populations worldwide