Summer Season in the Working Settlement: From Mushrooms to People and Back. Uralmash in Fiction and Non-fiction Literature About 1930s

The article is devoted to the analysis of several key concepts of texts on construction and the first years of Uralmashzavod work (1930s, 1960s-1970s). They are traced on the material of artistic and diary prose, memoirs and records, in which similar motives are found. Most of the texts are stored in the Museum archive and they are either introduced into the scientific discourse for the first time or it is the first time that they become the object of philological and anthropological studies. “Excluded” loci of Ovalov’s novel are “filled” with memories about Uralmash, but the main memory of “first builders” involves a surprisingly large number of concepts presented in the majority of cases only by fiction. There is an attempt to trace how the chronotope and topography of the working settlement in fiction are reflected in the identity of “old-timers” corresponding to the deep needs and expectations of the factory workers. The reconstruction of the “anthropogenesis” of a “new worker”, emerging from the meta-text about the giant plant is represented alongside with the paradox of the adoption of “wild space”, which after being cleared of the forest for the construction of the plant, upon decades turned in one of the greenest areas of Sverdlovsk-Ekaterinburg.   Keywords: Uralmash, socialist city, first builders, Prishvin’s diaries, A. Bannikov, E. Bannikova, L. Ovalov, V. Anfimov, “Zina Demina”, Jiang Tsinggu

The War Started in June in Our Country”: Memorats of the Folklore Archive of the Ural Federal University as evidence of the “Folk History”

Анализируются материалы фольклорного архива Уральского федерального университета, собранные во время экспедиций в Каменский район Свердловской области в 1976–1986 гг.In the article there are analyzed the materials of the folklore archive of the Ural Federal University collected during expeditions to the Kamensk Region of the Sverdlovsk Oblast in1976-1986

Memorial Landscape of the Ural Town in the Material of Folklore Archive (Kaslee, 1970-1980)

The article considers the possibility and limits of reconstructing the memorial landscape of the Ural town-factory based on the materials of student folklore practical studies in the late Soviet era. The author reveals the stable motifs of the legends connected with the history of the founding of the industrial settlement of Kaslee, as well as with the specifics of the ethnic interaction between Russian settlers and the local population. The article also defines the “places of memory” in folklore materials. The study shows how the scientific and methodological attitudes of folklorists and the methods of interaction between collectors and informants are reflected in the collection of field archival materials from a particular area. The memorial landscape reconstructed according to folklore data tells both about the past of Kaslee and the present, as the perspective of such a description of the past is determined by the present. Archival folklore materials are an example of a combination of practices of communicative and cultural memories. In this aspect, the place of “songs about the city” is also determined in the article. The authors believe that “empty cells” - lacunae of archival memory, about which the informants did not tell and/or the collectors did not ask, are significant elements of this memorative landscape. The stories related to the accident at the Mayak chemical plant in 1957 and the environmental agenda in general become such subjects of silence. The article will be useful to folklorists and anyone interested in the problems of memory in folklore materials, as an attempt to apply the methods of folklore and anthropology to the practice of memory studies. © 2023 Journal of Frontier Studies. All rights reserved

The images of the South Ural towns in the content of “Orenburgskie Vedomosti” newspaper, years 1840–1850

Рассматриваются материалы, опубликованные в «Оренбургских губернских ведомостях» периода редакторства И. П. Сосфенова (1845–1853), содержащие описания уездных городов Оренбургской губернии и рассказывающие о происходящих в них событиях. Выделяются основные стратегии подобных описаний, анализируются позиции респондентов, соответствие текстов рекомендованной редакцией программе описания; высказывается гипотеза о причинах парного сопоставления городов Оренбургской губернии (Белебей – Стерлитамак, Уфа – Оренбург, Бирск – Бузулук, Троицк – Челябинск). На основании разножанровых газетных материалов предпринимается попытка реконструкции формирующихся образов городов в первое десятилетие существования газеты.This article includes the content, published in “Orenburgskie gubernskie vedomosti” newspaper during the editorship of Sosfenov I. P. (1845–1853). It contains the descriptions of Orenburg county towns and it talks about events there. Also, it shows the key strategies of such descriptions, there are analyzes of the attitudes of respondents and of matching of the texts and the description program recommended by editors. The author remarks the idea of pair comparison of Orenburg county towns (Belebei – Sterlitamak, Ufa – Orenburg, Birsk – Buzuluk, Troitsk – Chelyabinsk). Also there is a try to reconstruct the images of the towns during the first decade of newspaper existence according to it’s various articles

The creative way of K. Nosilov: course of life and publicism

Представлен краткий очерк жизни и публицистического наследия известного уральского путешественника и литератора К. Д. Носилова. Определены лакуны в его биографии, сформулирована проблема нехватки источников и их несогласованности. Обзор публицистического наследия писателя произведен по уточненным данным, с элементами литературоведческого анализа. Задача подготовки полного библиографического указателя К. Д. Носилова определена как насущная и первоочередная.The article presents a brief review of life and publicist heritage of a famous Ural traveller and writer K. D. Nosilov. The lacunas in his biography are determined; the lack of sources and their coordination is defined. The writer’s publicist’s heritage review is made according to the accurate data with elements of literature analysis. The compiling of a complete bibliography of K. D. Nosilov’s works is defined as vital and urgent

A book of love and devotion: a communist father’s image reconstruction in the daughter’s memoirs

The article was submitted on 24.06.2015.The article is based on S. B. Navarskaya’s documentary story The Life of a Soviet Family between the 1930s and 1940s. Stalda Borisovna Navarskaya (1932-2013) calls her narrative a genealogy as it combines seven autobiographies (including her own one and that of her husband).This previously unstudied text came to being because of the writer’s need to tell her grandchildren and great-grandchildren about the hard and decent life of their ancestors and was published on the Calameo website shortly before the author of the genealogy deceased. The narration of S. B. Navarskaya, a famous Uralmash engineer and constructor, head of the constructor group for the designing and introduction of the Malyutka small-sized washing-machine only becomes possible and necessary at the time when the bitter lot of the family (exiles, arrests, deaths of starvation, etc.) may become public and perceived as other heroic texts. The central figure of S. Navarskaya’s family and personal history is her father, Boris Stepanov, and the chapter about him is subtitled A Life of a Communist. The article considers an intertwining of a number of discourses that are part of the autobiographic narrative of her father: they are excerpts of her father’s diary and his poems chosen by Navarskaya, a number of documents of the epoch (letters, orders, statements, certificates, deeds, etc.), his daughter’s frank and sharp language representing her father as a real communist, an ideal father and husband, and also concealed and more often than not unconscious means enabling Navarskaya to keep an idealized image of her own father. Among them is the tabooed reflection of well-known historical events, the interiorization of her father’s view of events, etc. The article describes the cultural code of the text introduced into the family history and her daughter’s narrative by Navarskaya’s mother: the events are commented on by means of poetic quotations and contain allusions to literary works. The author analyzes the combination of the writer’s father’s words about himself and people like him and the peculiarities of his transformation in the biographic narrative authored by his daughter. For Navarskaya the text about her father becomes one about herself too, and may be regarded as the work of an autobiographic memory that lasts as long as its owner’s life. The contrast of two types of narrative - that of a father about himself and that of his daughter about him - turn out to be a powerful deconstructing mechanism of the text that tells more than the author initially meant. The text is complete compositionally, as it opens with a pathetic overture for a grave mourning where the possibility of a catharsis is inherently opposed to loyalty and is thus rejected for the sake of the father’s memory as understood by the author of the genealogy.Статья написана на материале документальной повести С. Б. Наварской «Жизнь одной советской семьи в 30-е и 40-е годы 20 века». Стальда Борисовна Наварская (1932-2013) называет свое повествование «родословной», объединяя в нем семь биографических текстов (включая собственную автобиографию и автобиографию мужа). Этот текст, не исследованный ранее, появился благодаря ее желанию рассказать внукам и правнукам «о тяжелой и достойной жизни их предков» и был размещен на сайте Calameo незадолго до ухода из жизни автора «родословной». Повествование С. Б. Наварской, известного уралмашевского инженера-конструктора, главы конструкторской группы по разработке и внедрению малогабаритной стиральной машины «Малютка», становится возможным и необходимым в тот момент, когда горькая изнанка семейной истории (ссылки, аресты, смерти от голода и др.) может быть предана огласке и принята наравне с героическими страницами. Центральной фигурой семейной и личной истории С. Наварской является ее отец Борис Степанов, глава о котором имеет подзаголовок «Жизнь коммуниста». В статье рассматривается переплетение нескольких дискурсов, содержащихся в биографическом нарративе об отце: это фрагменты отцовского дневника и его стихи, отобранные Наварской, документы эпохи (письма, приказы, заявления, справки, акты и др.), открытое публицистически-заостренное слово дочери, позиционирующей отца как «настоящего коммуниста», идеального отца и мужа, а также более скрытые, частью бессознательные техники, позволяющие самой Наварской сохранить идеализированное представление о собственном отце. К числу последних относятся табуирование рефлексии относительно известных исторических событий, интериоризация отцовского взгляда на события и др. Раскрывается «культурный код» текста, привнесенный в историю семьи и в нарратив дочери матерью Наварской: события комментируются стихотворными цитатами или содержат аллюзии литературных произведений. В статье анализируется сочетание отцовского слова «о себе и себе подобных» и специфика его преображения в биографическом нарративе, написанном дочерью. Текст повествования об отце становится у Наварской и рассказом о себе и может быть рассмотрен как результат работы автобиографической памяти, продолжающейся в течение всей жизни ее носителя. Соположение двух типов высказываний - отцовского слова о себе и дочернего слова о нем - оказывается мощным деконструирующим механизмом текста, рассказывающим больше, чем хотел сказать автор. Текст имеет завершенную композиционную структуру, разворачивающуюся от патетической «увертюры» к намогильному плачу, где возможность катарсиса оказывается внутренне противопоставленной верности, а потому отвергается ради памяти отца, как ее понимает автор «родословной»

Verbal and visual narratives of naive artists

Until recently, studies of the fine art of naive artists and of texts of naive literature were conducted separately, independently of each other. At the same time, it is well known that many naive artists create various kinds of literary texts: stories, scripts, poems, memoirs. This article sets out the neccssity of an integrated approach to the works of naive artists. It offers an analysis of the meta-text of their visual and verbal works as an expression of the non-stop process of understanding the world and their place in the world, clarifying their own identities and the identity of their social group, building up the narrative about the meanings and purposes of lives. The article contains brief essays on several naive artists (E. Bartsev, P. Ustyugov, A. Chepkasov) that attempt to evaluate the relative weight of the visual and verbal portions of their heritage. Supplementing stylistic and compositional analysis of naive art works with a study of their author's fictional and non-fiction texts leads us to understand the naive artist's social mission, which forms his naive utterance. This method allows us to test the hypothesis of naive art as an individual reading of the mass culture's metanarrative. We envisage as the next step a detailed, step-by-step study of this topic, which would necessarily include collecting all available materials created by naive masters, studying the great diversity of their creations, and clarifying the balance between heteromorphic creative spheres. © A. A. BOBRIKHIN, N. B. GRAMATCHIKOV

The Poetics of Collective Identity in V. Fedoseev's Essays (Newspaper «For Heavy Engineering», 1934-1935)

Предметом исследования являются материалы заводской многотиражной газеты Уралмаша «За тяжелое машиностроение» в первые годы после пуска завода. Доклад знакомит с выявленными на сегодня статьями, очерками и «отрывками из повестей» одного из талантливых авторов газеты В. Федосеева. Профессиональный сварщик, ставший членом литобъединения Уралмашзавода, Федосеев входил в круг влияния первого секретаря Орджоникидзевского райкома ВКП(б) Л. Авербаха, поддерживая и воплощая его идеологический курс в конкретных текстах. С помощью историко-литературного и дискурсивного методов анализа можно оценить вклад этих литературно-художественных публикаций в политическую историю региона, конструирование коллективной памяти и идентичности заводчан. Очерки Федосеева о сварщиках, иноспециалистах и коллективных методах работы на заводе запечатлели первый и очень искренний, несмотря на большую идеологическую нагруженность, этап становления литературной «истории фабрик и заводов». Исследование поэтики очерков о первостроителях Уралмаша позволяет уточнить первый этап становления «канона соц. реалистического романа» (К. Кларк, 1981), когда антиномия «стихийного» и «сознательного» уже присутствовала в тексте, однако еще не имела устойчиво-догматической окраски. Начальный этап исследования материалов (прежде не становившихся предметом интереса историков и филологов) делает окончательные выводы преждевременными.The subject of the research is the materials of the Uralmash factory-run newspaper «For Heavy Engineering» in the first years of the plant. The report informs about the revealed articles, essays and «excerpts from the stories» which belong to the talented author — V. Fedoseyev. He was a professional welder who became a member of the literary association of Uralmashzavod and then worked in the circle of influence of the first secretary of the Ordzhonikidze district committee VСP (b) (b) L. Averbakh, supporting his ideological course and embodied it into specific texts. Using historical, literary and discursive methods of analysis, we can evaluate the contribution of these literary and artistic publications into the regional political history and the construction of collective memory and the identity of factory workers. Fedoseyev's essays about welders, foreign specialists, and collective methods of work at the plant captured the first and the sincere, despite the great ideological burden, stage in the formation of the literary «history of factories and plants». A study of the poetics of essays about the first builders of Uralmash allows us to clarify the first stage in the formation of the «canon of the socialist realist novel» (K. Clark, 1981), when the antinomy of the «spontaneous» and «conscious» was already present in the text, but still did not have a stable dogmatic voice. The initial step of our study of this materials (they weren’t previously in the historian’s and philologists’ focus) makes any final conclusions premature.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 19-012-00553А «Первостроители как перформативный проект: конструирование дискурсивной идентичности уральских рабочих в текстах 1930-х и 1970-х»

Almost “Direct Route”: Ideological Meanings in the Construction of the Factory Identity of Uralmashplant Workers

The article is devoted to the study of factory identity based on the material of autobiographical texts of Uralmash workers written in 1967—1984. The novelty of the research is in the theoretical approach to identity as a discursive concept, which is structured by systematically recurring themes in personal narratives. The main focus is on ideological meanings in autobiographical texts. Their ritual and integrative functions are established, which are realized in the analyzed texts. The leading role of ideological meanings in describing the construction of a plant and in constructing the image of the enemy and the threat posed by it for the plant and the collective is shown. The ways to include memoirs of the theme of victims of political violence in the 1930s in the texts and to restore their names in the factory biography are discussed in the article. It is proved that the introduction of the theme of victims of political repression, as well as ritual formulas of ideological loyalty, reproduced by naive authors with involuntary distortions and deviations from the norms of written literary speech, results, among other things, in “corrosion” of the Soviet official discourse and is one of the factors that led to the “performative shift” characteristic of the late Soviet era. The analyzed text material has not previously been the object of research

Refining Methodological Reflection: Exploring the Interviewing Experience of Oocyte Donors

Received 26 June 2023. Accepted 2 September 2023. Published online 6 October 2023.The article reflects on the collaborative experience between a practicing psychologist actively involved in the oocyte donation protocol (participating in guide development, conducting interviews, and drawing conclusions for the clinic) and a philologist who interprets the interview transcripts using narrative and communicative situation analyses. The article begins by describing the interviewing process, the structure of the oocyte-donor guide, and the profile of a “stable donor,” drawing from Russian-language materials. Through narrative analysis of 21 transcripts, the roles of the interviewer and informant at each stage of the interview process are identified, along with their contributions to the discussion and testing of the communicative situation. The paper investigates both the instances of cooperation and discrepancies observed among the participants as they strive to construct a credible and value-consistent autobiographical narrative that comprehensively encompasses their donation experience. The article analyzes both explicit and hidden narrative motives placed by informants in a conversation unfolding from the respondent’s past into a projected future. The authors aim to situate this experience within a broader personal value context, which includes compensatory aspects related to the pressing concerns of potential donors