Deniz Gezmiş ve arkadaşlarına idam (1971)

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 27/A-Deniz GezmişUnutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010

Identification of sources of lead in children in a primary zinc-lead smelter environment.

We compared high-precision lead isotopic ratios in deciduous teeth and environmental samples to evaluate sources of lead in 10 children from six houses in a primary zinc-lead smelter community at North Lake Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia. Teeth were sectioned to allow identification of lead exposure in utero and in early childhood. Blood lead levels in the children ranged from 10 to 42 micro g/dL and remained elevated for a number of years. For most children, only a small contribution to tooth lead can be attributed to gasoline and paint sources. In one child with a blood lead concentration of 19.7 microg/dL, paint could account for about 45% of lead in her blood. Comparison of isotopic ratios of tooth lead levels with those from vacuum cleaner dust, dust-fall accumulation, surface wipes, ceiling (attic) dust, and an estimation of the smelter emissions indicates that from approximately 55 to 100% of lead could be derived from the smelter. For a blood sample from another child, > 90% of lead could be derived from the smelter. We found varying amounts of in utero-derived lead in the teeth. Despite the contaminated environment and high blood lead concentrations in the children, the levels of lead in the teeth are surprisingly low compared with those measured in children from other lead mining and smelting communities

Miller Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting (MECSH) trial: design, method and sample description

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Home visiting programs comprising intensive and sustained visits by professionals (usually nurses) over the first two years of life show promise in promoting child health and family functioning, and ameliorating disadvantage. Australian evidence of the effectiveness of sustained nurse home visiting in early childhood is limited. This paper describes the method and cohort characteristics of the first Australian study of sustained home visiting commencing antenatally and continuing to child-age two years for at-risk mothers in a disadvantaged community (the Miller Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting trial).</p> <p>Methods and design</p> <p>Mothers reporting risks for poorer parenting outcomes residing in an area of socioeconomic disadvantage were recruited between February 2003 and March 2005. Mothers randomised to the intervention group received a standardised program of nurse home visiting. Interviews and observations covering child, maternal, family and environmental issues were undertaken with mothers antenatally and at 1, 12 and 24 months postpartum. Standardised tests of child development and maternal-child interaction were undertaken at 18 and 30 months postpartum. Information from hospital and community heath records was also obtained.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>A total of 338 women were identified and invited to participate, and 208 were recruited to the study. Rates of active follow-up were 86% at 12 months, 74% at 24 months and 63% at 30 months postpartum. Participation in particular data points ranged from 66% at 1 month to 51% at 24 months postpartum. Rates of active follow-up and data point participation were not significantly different for the intervention or comparison group at any data point. Mothers who presented for antenatal care prior to 20 weeks pregnant, those with household income from full-time employment and those who reported being abused themselves as a child were more likely to be retained in the study. The Miller Early Childhood Sustained Home-visiting trial will provide Australian evidence of the effectiveness of sustained nurse home visiting for children at risk of poorer health and developmental outcomes.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ACTRN12608000473369</p

Getting the mix right: family, community and social policy interventions to improve outcomes for young people at risk of substance misuse

Societal responses to the existence of substance misuse fluctuate between harm minimisation and prohibition. Both approaches are predominantly downstream reactions to substance misuse that focus on the supply of harmful substances and the containment of misuse through treatment, rehabilitation or punishment. Until recently, little attention has been paid to the upstream individual, family, relationship, community or societal antecedents of substance misuse ( which often overlap with those for other adverse life outcomes, such as unemployment, antisocial personality disorder and mental health problems) that have operated during earlier life. A growing body of evidence highlights the overlapping biological and experiential antecedents for substance abuse and other poor outcomes as well as the trajectory- changing protective factors that can prevent risks being translated into destiny. Risk minimisation and protection enhancement embedded in family and social systems are the essential building blocks of a set of early intervention strategies that begin antenatally and continue through the developing years of childhood, adolescence and young adult life, that have been shown to be effective in improving many outcomes in development, health and well-being. Much remains to be done to enable the promise of effective universal and targeted early intervention to be translated into policies, programs and practices that could be life-changing for citizens bogged in the mire of substance misuse and their children. Realistic, timely investment, influenced by the best scientific evidence indicating what works, for whom, under what circumstances, an increased degree of collaboration within and between governments and their agencies to enable " whole of government'' responses in partnership with community-based initiatives are essential along with investments in multidisciplinary program evaluation research that will enable evidence- informed policy decisions to be tailored to the needs of individual countries

Why widening socioeconomic inequality should concern us all

Widening income inequality in Australia affects the quality of life for everyone, not just the poor, this paper argues. It discusses evidence indicating that health and well being within communities decline, and hostility between people increases, when the income distribution gap widens. It then examines the role of education as a social leveller, and the adjustments to government policy that are needed to ensure that equality of opportunity is delivered to disadvantaged children through education spending

Short stature in Scottish schoolchildren : a community study with special emphasis on the prevalence of severe growth hormone deficiency

The primary objective of this study has been to determine timr prevalence of growth hormone deficiency among Scottish school children. To achieve this it m first essential to identify a large number of very small children in a defined population and it was proposed to study thereafter all those comprising the smallest 1% in the population. Clearly, sany children had factors other than growth horsona deficiency contributing to their short stature, and therefore the literature relating both to this and the influences of genetic, environmental and other biological factors upon growth has been reviewed. The method originally proposed for identifying these children was based upon a central computer-baaed file of the heights of children at the school entrance medical inspection. Intractable difficulties inherent in this approach soon emerged and, as these would have prevented the identification of all short children within a defined population and made it impossible to accurately estimate the true prevalence of growth hormone deficiency, this method had to be discarded. The revised method entailed personally screening the heights of 48,221 children attending all education authority schools and & selection of independent schools in Edinburgh, Glasgow and Aberdeen, and identifying from them all children who were -2.5 standard deviations or more below the mm height for their chronological age (N = 449). Permission was sought from the parents of those found to be of small stature to undertake studies of the medical and social background and where appropriate to gather auxological data. Where no definite cause for short stature was apparent, these children were screened for growth horaone deficiency wherever possible. Children who failed to produce adequate growth hormone levels on the screening test and/or those whose twelve aonth height velocities were below average (less than the 25th centile for chronological age) were then further investigated for growth hormone deficiency with an insulin tolerance test. A group of control children from a similar social background but of average height for age was also selected in .Edinburgh and Glasgow. c.oae of the social and medical data from this group has been compared to the group of children with short stature in an attempt to identify any significant differences, the study has confirmed the strong association of previously recognised environmental and genetic factors with short stature. The results of the study also suggest that severe growth horaone deficiency is a acre comma cause of short stature than previously thought and that it frequently remains undiagnosed for longer than necessary

Data needs in child maltreatment response

In a recent supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine on approaches to measuring the incidence of the leading cause of fatal child maltreatment — inflicted brain injury — a staff member of the World Health Organization asserted that the major element missing from the global response to child maltreatment was “epidemiologically informed methods for monitoring its occurrence”. This view was reinforced when, in the year after its 2009 series on child maltreatment, The Lancet asked leading professionals in child health and welfare what question they most needed to be answered by the scientific published work. Their response was “Are trends in child maltreatment decreasing?

The neurobiological effects of childhood maltreatment : an often overlooked narrative related to the long-term effects of early childhood trauma?

Brain injury in children as a result of a number of forms of maltreatment including chemical abuse, neglect and violence is well documented from early in pregnancy and its effects may continue to influence aspects of human development well into the third decade of life. This paper reviews some of the recent research that has analysed the outcomes of child maltreatment as seen through the lens of the disciplines of neuroscience, psychopathology, traumatology and related fields. Studies comparing maltreated children with those who have no similar demonstrable maltreatment exposure, demonstrate compelling differences in neuroanatomy and cognitive function (especially affecting the abilities to decide and thoughtfully choose) which suggests that maltreatment may adversely affect long-term outcomes through these effects. Studies demonstrating how neuroplasticity and epigenetics mignt contribute to resilience suggest that appropriately developed remedial programs using this knowledge may provide a means to mitigate some of the effects of child maltreatment

Child accident-mortality in the Northern Territory, 1978-1985

tag=1 data=Child accident-mortality in the Northern Territory, 1978-1985 tag=2 data=Vimpani, Graham%Doudle, Mark%Harris, Richard tag=3 data=Medical Journal of Australia Vol.148 tag=6 data=^d18^mApr ^y1988 tag=8 data=DEATHS%CHILDREN%ABORIGINES tag=15 data=JO

Think child, think family, think community

Learning goals: This chapter will enable you to 1. Be aware of some of the bio-psychosocial factors and conceptual frameworks which affect child well-being and the capacity of families to nurture young children. 2. 'Think child, think family and think community' in the way you might work. 3. Appreciate the centrality of 'relationship-based practice'. 4. Identify the values, knowledge and skills you bring to working with vulnerable families, and reflect on areas in which you may have gaps