Cylindrical resonators partially filled with a DNG metamaterial sector

A metallic cylindrical resonator partially filled with double-negative (DNG) metamaterial with sector shape is analyzed in the frequency domain. The remaining part of the resonator is filled by a double-positive (DPS) medium. The structure results in a cylindrical resonator of finite length with a metamaterial wedge whose edge is on the cylinder axis. A line source excitation located in the DPS region is applied to investigate the properties of the structure by exciting the compatible modes of the structure. An exact analytical solution is obtained

Twenty-Two Years of Warming, Fertilisation and Shading of Subarctic Heath Shrubs Promote Secondary Growth and Plasticity but Not Primary Growth

Most manipulation experiments simulating global change in tundra were short-term or did not measure plant growth directly. Here, we assessed the growth of three shrubs (Cassiope tetragona, Empetrum hermaphroditum and Betula nana) at a subarctic heath in Abisko (Northern Sweden) after 22 years of warming (passive greenhouses), fertilisation (nutrients addition) and shading (hessian fabric), and compare this to observations from the first decade of treatment. We assessed the growth rate of current-year leaves and apical stem (primary growth) and cambial growth (secondary growth), and integrated growth rates with morphological measurements and species coverage. Primary- and total growth of Cassiope and Empetrum were unaffected by manipulations, whereas growth was substantially reduced under fertilisation and shading (but not warming) for Betula. Overall, shrub height and length tended to increase under fertilisation and warming, whereas branching increased mostly in shaded Cassiope. Morphological changes were coupled to increased secondary growth under fertilisation. The species coverage showed a remarkable increase in graminoids in fertilised plots. Shrub response to fertilisation was positive in the short-term but changed over time, likely because of an increased competition with graminoids. More erected postures and large, canopies (requiring enhanced secondary growth for stem reinforcement) likely compensated for the increased light competition in Empetrum and Cassiope but did not avoid growth reduction in the shade intolerant Betula. The impact of warming and shading on shrub growth was more conservative. The lack of growth enhancement under warming suggests the absence of long-term acclimation for processes limiting biomass production. The lack of negative effects of shading on Cassiope was linked to morphological changes increasing the photosynthetic surface. Overall, tundra shrubs showed developmental plasticity over the longer term. However, such plasticity was associated clearly with growth rate trends only in fertilised plots

Gestión de la vida : políticas públicas y conflicto en el uso del territorio y los recursos naturales

Las (des)igualdades, sus orígenes y sus efectos han sido desde siempre una preocupación para la construcción de una política democrática, e incluso una prioridad, al menos así declarada, en las agendas de los Estados. El presente proyecto hace foco en aquellas leyes y políticas públicas que buscan intervenir en el particular campo de las desigualdades emergentes de los usos sociales y económicos del territorio y de los recursos naturales. Actualmente, las provincias de Catamarca, Córdoba y La Rioja, son tres escenarios escasamente estudiados en los que se han puesto en cuestión y desatado conflictos alrededor de la actividad minera y las normativas que la regulan. Precisamente es el objetivo de este proyecto analizar la definición de políticas públicas como momentos de visibilización de posiciones y discursividades en conflicto y entender la formulación de políticas públicas como instancias en que los gobiernos institucionalizan una definición sobre la (des)igualdad. Para ello desplegamos tres ejes de indagación: el análisis del dispositivo de regulación materializado en las decisiones gubernamentales; el esclarecimiento de las disputas entre distintos ámbitos institucionales; y el análisis de las prácticas de resistencia frente a las regulaciones instituidas. Para ello diseñamos una estrategia analítica diferenciada, donde para los primeros dos objetivos se utilizará la recolección documental (normativa) y las entrevistas en profundidad y el análisis de contenido como herramienta de análisis; y el tercer objetivo se ejecuta mediante la recolección de documentos producidos por las organizaciones y las entrevistas en profundidad y el análisis de discurso como técnica de interpretación.Fil: Ciuffolini, María Alejandra. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Avalle, Gerardo. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; ArgentinaFil: Ibaña, Griselda Beatriz. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencia Política y Relaciones Internacionales; Argentin

A functional variant in the Stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene promoter enhances fatty acid desaturation in pork

There is growing public concern about reducing saturated fat intake. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) is the lipogenic enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of oleic acid (18:1) by desaturating stearic acid (18:0). Here we describe a total of 18 mutations in the promoter and 3′ non-coding region of the pig SCD gene and provide evidence that allele T at AY487830:g.2228T>C in the promoter region enhances fat desaturation (the ratio 18:1/18:0 in muscle increases from 3.78 to 4.43 in opposite homozygotes) without affecting fat content (18:0+18:1, intramuscular fat content, and backfat thickness). No mutations that could affect the functionality of the protein were found in the coding region. First, we proved in a purebred Duroc line that the C-T-A haplotype of the 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (g.2108C>T; g.2228T>C; g.2281A>G) of the promoter region was additively associated to enhanced 18:1/18:0 both in muscle and subcutaneous fat, but not in liver. We show that this association was consistent over a 10-year period of overlapping generations and, in line with these results, that the C-T-A haplotype displayed greater SCD mRNA expression in muscle. The effect of this haplotype was validated both internally, by comparing opposite homozygote siblings, and externally, by using experimental Duroc-based crossbreds. Second, the g.2281A>G and the g.2108C>T SNPs were excluded as causative mutations using new and previously published data, restricting the causality to g.2228T>C SNP, the last source of genetic variation within the haplotype. This mutation is positioned in the core sequence of several putative transcription factor binding sites, so that there are several plausible mechanisms by which allele T enhances 18:1/18:0 and, consequently, the proportion of monounsaturated to saturated fat.This research was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2009-09779 and AGL2012-33529). RRF is recipient of a PhD scholarship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (BES-2010-034607). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of manuscript