AVALIAÇÃO DA AÇÃO ANALGÉSICA DO EXTRATO HIDROALCOÓLICO DE Chenopodium ambrosioides L. EM ENSAIOS PRÉ-CLINICOS

A dor é defnida como uma sensação ou experiência emocional desagradável, associada ao dano tecidual atual ou potencial, ou descrita em tais termos. Estima-se que a dor crônica esteja presente em quase metade da população geral, sendo responsável por cerca de 1/5 de incapacidades moderadas e graves, assim como prejuízos familiares e sociais. O desenvolvimento de novas possibilidades terapêuticas é fundamental e neste contexto são necessárias pesquisas em produtos naturais, responsáveis por cerca de 30% de novas drogas analgésicas. A espécie Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Mastruz) possuí diversas atividades comprovadas como imunomoduladora, antifúngica, leishmanicida, antitumoral, anti-infamatória e analgésica, porém ainda sem detalhes de vias envolvidas e seu papel imunológico no controle da dor. O objetivo desse estudo foi verifcar se o efeito analgésico é válido para dose menor que a relatada anteriormente, além de investigar mecanismos imunofarmacológicos associados. Camundongos Swiss fêmeas (11 semanas) foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Controle Negativo: tratamento com água destilada; Controle Positivo: tratamento com indometacina na dose de 10mg/kg e EHCA: tratamento com extrato hidroalcoólico de C. ambrosioides na dose de 50mg/kg. Todos os animais foram tratados por gavagem 1 hora antes da injeção intraperitoneal de ácido acético 1% (10ml/kg).O número de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético foi quantifcado. Os animais foram sacrifcados após 24 horas e os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: número total e diferencial de células da cavidade peritoneal e a produção de H2O2 espontânea ou estimulada por 13-acetado 12-miristato de forbol (PMA). O EHCA é capaz de reduzir o número de contorções abdominais induzidas pelo ácido acético, tal como o anti-infamatório não esteroidal indometacina, sugerindo analgesia em modelo não específco de dor. Ambos os produtos foram capazes de alterar o perfl celular da cavidade peritoneal, mas não de aumentar a produção de H2O2, espontânea ou estimulada por PMA. Mais estudos são necessários para elucidar a relação sistema imunológico e analgesia ao uso do EHCA.Descritores: Chenopodium ambrosioides; Medição da Dor; Analgesia; Sistema Imunológico.Abstract: Pain is defned as an unpleasant feeling or emotional experience, associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in such terms. It is estimated that chronic pain is present in almost half the general population, accounting for about 1 / 5 to moderate and severe disabilities, as well as family and social impairment. The development new therapeutic options is essential; in this regard, researchis necessary in the area of natural products, which account for about 30% of new analgesic drugs. The species Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Mastruz) owns previously attested several activities like immunomodu-latory, antifungal, leishmanicidal, antitumoral, anti-infammatory and analgesic, although remains no details from involved pathways and its role in immune pain control. The aim of this was to check if the analgesic effect applies to a lower dose than previously reported one and also investigate pharmacological-immune mechanisms associated with. Female Swiss mice (11 weeks) were sorted into the following groups: Negative control: distilled water treatment. Positive Control: 10mg/kg Indo-methacin dose treatment. CAHE: 50mg/kg C. ambrosioides hydroalcoholic extract dose treatment. All animal were treated by gavage 1 hour before the intraperitoneal injection of 1% acetic acid (10ml/kg). The number of acetic acid- induced writhings was quantifed. The animals were sacrifced 24 hours later and the following parameters were evaluated: total and differential cell number from the peritoneal cavity and the spontaneously or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated H2O2 production. The CAHE is able to reduce the number of acid acetic-induced abdominal writhings, as well as nonsteroidal anti-infammatory drug indomethacin, suggesting analgesia in a non-specifc pain model. Both products have been able to change the cell profle of the peritoneal cavity, but not to increase the spontaneously or PMA-stimulated H2O2 production. More studies are required to elucidate the relation between immune system and analgesia on CAHE use.Descriptors: Chenopodium ambrosioides; Pain Measurement; Analgesia; Immune System

Brazilian Green Propolis: Anti-Inflammatory Property by an Immunomodulatory Activity

The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities of green propolis extracts from Apis mellifera were investigated using acute and chronic inflammation models. Swiss mice were anesthetized and a cotton pellet granuloma was implanted in subcutaneous tissue. Then the mice were divided into six groups and received apyrogenic water or different propolis extracts by oral route (5 mg/kg). According to the treatment the groups were designated as E1A, E1B, E10, E11, and E12. The control group received apyrogenic water. The treatment was performed by six days when the mice were killed. The blood and the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected to measure the leukocyte recruitment. In acute pulmonary inflammation, Balb/c mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli by intranasal route for three days. Concomitantly the mice received by oral route apyrogenic water (control) or E10 and E11 propolis extracts. BAL was performed to assess the inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine quantification. The results showed that the E11 extract has anti-inflammatory property in both models by the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines suggesting an immunomodulatory activity

Aspectos clínico-epidemiológicos e imunológicos da hanseníase em área hiperendêmica do estado do Maranhão

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-02-10T17:12:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Graciomar Conceição Costa. Aspectos clínicos... 2014.VersãoFinal.pdf: 3610942 bytes, checksum: 69bf866ea432ca7053132b77953673e0 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-02-10T17:13:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Graciomar Conceição Costa. Aspectos clínicos... 2014.VersãoFinal.pdf: 3610942 bytes, checksum: 69bf866ea432ca7053132b77953673e0 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T17:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Graciomar Conceição Costa. Aspectos clínicos... 2014.VersãoFinal.pdf: 3610942 bytes, checksum: 69bf866ea432ca7053132b77953673e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilA hanseníase ou mal de Hansen (MH), causada pelo patógeno Mycobacterium leprae, ainda constitui um problema de saúde pública no Brasil, e em especial no Maranhão. A doença é hiperendêmica em 77 municípios do Estado. A resposta imune ao patógeno de indivíduos dessas regiões permanece obscuro podendo contribuir na manutenção da hiperendemia. Por isso, este estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e imunológico de pacientes infectados por M. leprae, e de seus contatos, procedentes de área hiperendêmica. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizado um estudo transversal foi realizado nos municípios de Açailândia, Imperatriz e São Luís, no período 2009 a 2012. Pacientes e contatos foram clinicamente avaliados e tiveram os dados epidemiológicos coletados. Uma amostra de sangue foi obtida para realização das sorologias para detecção de anticorpos IgM anti-PGL1 pelos testes de ELISA e ML-Flow, e dosagem de citocinas e quimiocinas. A análise descritiva demonstrou que a maioria dos pacientes eram adultos, do gênero masculino, diagnosticados principalmente com as formas intermediárias da doença (60%). Incapacidades físicas foram detectadas em 35% dos casos, a maioria da forma multibacilar (MB). Os contatos de pacientes MB, em idade adulta, do sexo feminino, de convívio intradomiciliar e com parentesco de primeiro grau com os pacientes foram maioria. Anticorpos anti-PGL1 foram encontrados em 42,6% dos casos e 12% dos contatos pelo ML-Flow. E ainda em 36,8% dos casos e 12,5 % dos contatos pela técnica do ELISA. A concordância dos testes foi moderada, porém significativa (K=0,423). A soropositividade ao PGL1 está associada às variáveis epidemiológicas de casos, principalmente. Observou-se que casos e contatos apresentam alta produção de IL-17A. Pacientes MB e contatos possuem altas concentrações séricas de IL-6. Os da forma virchowiana tem reduzida produção de TGF-β1. CXCL9 e CXCL10 foram evidentes nos MB, enquanto CXCL8 estava presente em contatos. Os aspectos avaliados confirmam o caráter hiperendêmico e a manutenção de fatores de riscos para o adoecimento de contatos. O perfil imunológico observado abre perspectivas para o conhecimento e elucidação da patogenia em regiões de grande circulação do M. leprae.Leprosy, caused by the pathogen Mycobacterium leprae, it is a public health problem in Brazil yet, especially in Maranhão. The disease is hyperendemic in 77 counties of the State. Immune response to the pathogen of individuals in these regions remains unclear and may be contributing to maintenance of high endemicity. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize epidemiological and immunological profile of patients infected with M. leprae, and their contacts, from hyperendemic regions. Cross-sectional study was accomplished in Açailândia, Imperatriz and São Luís counties, 2009-2012. Patients and contacts were clinically evaluated and had their epidemiological data collected. A blood sample was obtained for performing serological tests IgM anti-PGL1 detection by ELISA and ML-Flow and measurement of cytokines and chemokines. Descriptive analysis showed that most patients were adults, male, diagnosed with intermediate forms mainly (60%). Physical disabilities were detected in 35% of cases, most of multibacillary form (MB). The contacts were MB patients in adult age, female, household and first-degree kinship. PGL1 antibodies were found in 42.6% of cases and 12% of contacts by ML-Flow, 36.8% of cases and 12.5% of contacts by the ELISA procedure. Concordance tests was moderate but significant (K = 0.423). PGL1 seropositivity is associated with epidemiologic features of cases, mostly. It was observed that patients and contacts present high IL-17A production. MB patients and contacts have high IL-6 serum concentration. Patients with lepromatous form had reduced TGF-β1 production. CXCL9 and CXCL10 were apparent in MB, while CXCL8 was present in contacts. The evaluated aspects confirm high endemicity and maintenance of risk factors for contact illness. Immune profile observed opens perspectives to understanding and elucidation of pathogenesis in regions where M. leprae has large circulation

Ethnic differences in the distribution of interleukin-6 polymorphisms among three brazilian ethnic groups

Submitted by Martha Silveira Berbert ([email protected]) on 2011-08-22T02:24:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 R - Ethnic Differences in the Distribution of Interleukin-6.pdf: 245010 bytes, checksum: fdd52e0ea82c0c8195598f5d702c7bfa (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2011-08-22T02:24:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 R - Ethnic Differences in the Distribution of Interleukin-6.pdf: 245010 bytes, checksum: fdd52e0ea82c0c8195598f5d702c7bfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA. BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA. BrasilPolymorphisms in the interleukin-6 promoter region have been associated with diseases. In this study we investigated the -634G/C and -174G/C IL-6 promoter polymorphisms in three Brazilian ethnic groups. We verified that the allele frequencies of the two polymorphisms and haplotype frequencies varied significantly between the population

Cytokines and visceral leishmaniasis: a comparison of plasma cytokine profiles between the clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2012-12-10T21:13:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa, Alinne Silva Andrade et al and Cytokines and visceral....pdf: 384267 bytes, checksum: 14a53ebe6c7bdab9456aaace484adc40 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-12-10T21:13:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa, Alinne Silva Andrade et al and Cytokines and visceral....pdf: 384267 bytes, checksum: 14a53ebe6c7bdab9456aaace484adc40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Universidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Saúde Pública. São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de PatologiaSaúde Pública. São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de Enfermagem. São Luís, MA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. São Luís, MA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilUniversidade Federal do Maranhão. Departamento de PatologiaSaúde Pública. São Luís, MA, Brasilt is not well established whether cytokine production differs in response to different clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this work, we performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the plasma levels of cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12] involved in the pathogenesis of VL in 80 subjects from VL endemic areas, including subjects with active VL, subjects with asymptomatic infection, subjects with cured VL and uninfected controls. The patients were recruited by sampling from a referral hospital and by random selection from a population-based cohort study. The results showed significant differences in the plasma concentration of all cytokines between the groups (p < 0.05). Patients with the active disease had higher plasma levels of IL-10, IL-4, INF-γ and TNF-α relative to the other groups and they produced more IL-12 than asymptomatic and cured subjects. Only the IL-2 concentration was higher in the asymptomatic and cured subjects relative to the patients with active disease (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that these cytokines can be used as markers in epidemiological studies conducted in endemic areas to distinguish between different clinical forms of VL. However, their usefulness should be confirmed in investigations conducted in other endemic areas.

Leishmaniose Cutânea (LC) associada à hanseníase: uma nova e emergente entidade clinico epidemiológica no nordeste do Brasil

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-03-20T16:51:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JML Cutaneous leishmaniasis....pdf: 231273 bytes, checksum: 962b2e85e94ba4371cedd5b7a3269a44 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio ([email protected]) on 2015-03-20T17:05:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JML Cutaneous leishmaniasis....pdf: 231273 bytes, checksum: 962b2e85e94ba4371cedd5b7a3269a44 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-20T17:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa JML Cutaneous leishmaniasis....pdf: 231273 bytes, checksum: 962b2e85e94ba4371cedd5b7a3269a44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFederal University of Maranhão. Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine. Department of Pathology. São Luis, MA, BrasilFederal University of Maranhão. Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine. Department of Pathology. São Luis, MA, BrasilFederal University of Maranhão. Nucleus of Tropical Pathology and Social Medicine. Department of Pathology. São Luis, MA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, BrasilA leishmaniose cutânea (LC) e a hanseníase são doenças endêmicas no estado do Maranhão, Brasil, e apresentam algumas características em comum: ambas afetam o tecido mucocutâneo, cursam com resposta crônica granulomatosa, apresentam um largo espectro clínico e acomete populações com baixas condições sócio-econômicas. Buritiucpu (Amazônia do Maranhão) constitui-se em área endêmica da maior importância para ambas às doenças no Estado. Objetivos: Relatar a ocorrência de pacientes com quadro clínico e laboratorial compatíveis com a associação LC x hanseníase. Métodos: Pretende-se relatar as observações clínicas e epidemiológicas encontradas em 7 pacientes procedentes da região de Buriticupu (Amazônia do Maranhão). Todos tiveram diagnóstico clinico e laboratorial confirmados, após exames realizados no posto de saúde da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, município de Buriticupu (MA), de março de 2003 a Dezembro de 2004. Resultados: Houve predomínio do sexo masculino (71,3%), idade entre 9 a 64 anos, 57,1% lavradores, situação sócioeconômica considerada precária. Todos os pacientes apresentavam a forma dimórfica da hanseníase, 90% tiveram lesões ulceradas da LC. Instituiu-se como terapêutica o antimoniato-N-metilglucamina (Glucantime®) associado a polioquimioterapia hansência com bons resultados. Conclusões: Trata-se de um fato novo, a associação LC x hanseníase, embora previsível, pois existem relatos na literatura da associação de doenças granulomatosas causadas por agentes parasitários distintos.Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and leprosy are endemic diseases in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, and have some characteristics in common, both affect mucocutaneous tissue, course with a chronic granulomatous response, show a broad clinical spectrum, and affect poor populations. Buriticupu (Amazon of Maranhão) represents an important endemic area for the two diseases in the State. Objective: To report the occurrence of patients with clinical and laboratorial findings of the association of CL and leprosy. Methods: In view of these findings and the scarcity of studies on this subject, we report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of seven patients from this region. All patients, seen at the health center of the Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Buriticupu municipality, during March 2003 to December 2004, had their diagnosis confirmed after clinical and laboratorial findings. Results: Patient age ranged from 9 to 64 years, there was predominance of males (71.3%), 57.1% was laborers, and their socioeconomic situation was considered poverty. All patients had borderline leprosy and 90% had ulcerated lesion of CL. Treatment with meglumine antimonate (Glucantime®) + anti-leprosy drugs (polychemotherapy) had good response. Conclusions: The association of CL + leprosy represents a new entity in northeast of Brazil, which however, is predictable since there is reports of an association among diseases which course with a granulomatous response caused by distinct parasitic agents

Effects of Stingless Bee Propolis on Experimental Asthma

Bee products have been used empirically for centuries, especially for the treatment of respiratory diseases. The present study evaluated the effect of treatment with a propolis hydroalcoholic extract (PHE) produced by Scaptotrigona aff. postica stingless bee in a murine asthma model. BALB/c mice were immunized twice with ovalbumin (OVA) subcutaneously. After 14 days, they were intranasally challenged with OVA. Groups P50 and P200 received PHE by gavage at doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The DEXA group was treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone. The OVA group received only water. The mice were treated daily for two weeks and then they were immunized a second time with intranasal OVA. The treatment with PHE decreased the cell number in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BAL). Histological analysis showed reduced peribronchovascular inflammation after treatment with PHE especially the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells. In addition, the concentration of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the serum was decreased. These results were similar to those obtained with dexamethasone. Treatment with S. aff postica propolis reduced the pathology associated with murine asthma due an inhibition of inflammatory cells migration to the alveolar space and the systemic progression of the allergic inflammation