Tratamiento multidisciplinar de las enfermedades neuromusculares dentro del ámbito educativo

Cómo llevar a cabo un tratamiento desde el punto de la fisioterapia en el ámbito educativo a alumnos afectos de Charcot Marie Tooth

Employability and Personal Initiative as Antecedents of Job Satisfaction

In a changing and flexible labour market it is important to clarify the role of environmental and personal variables that contribute to obtaining adequate levels of job satisfaction. The aim of the present study is to analyze the direct effects of employability and personal initiative on intrinsic, extrinsic and social job satisfaction, clarifying their cumulative and interactive effects. The study has been carried out in a sample of 1319 young Spanish workers. Hypotheses were tested by means of the moderated hierarchical regression analysis. Results show that employability and personal initiative predict in a cumulative way the intrinsic, extrinsic and social job satisfaction. Moreover, the interaction between employability and personal initiative increases the prediction of these two variables on intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction. Results also indicate that higher values of employability when initiative is also high are associated to higher levels of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction. These results have implications for theory and practice in a context of new employment [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]

post high intensity pull-over semi-tethered swimming potentiation in national competitive swimmers

BacKGround: The swimming community has shown considerable interest in using dry-land warm-ups as a method of impacting perfor- mance. This study compared the effects of high-resistance pull-over and swimming warm-up in semi-tethered resisted swimming. MeThodS: an incremental-load semi-tethered swimming test was individually administered in 20 national-competitive swimmers to deter- mine the load maximizing swimming power. in different sessions, participants tested such a load 6 min after a swimming warm-up (SWu) or a dry-land warm-up (dlWu: 3 pull-over reps at 85% of the one-repetition maximum). Kinetic variables (velocity, force, acceleration, impulse, power rate of force development [rfd] and intra-cycle variation), were obtained with a linear encoder through trapezoidal integration regarding time. Kinematic variables (distance, time, stroke-rate and stroke-length), were obtained by video recordings. The differences between protocols were observed by paired-samples t-test (ANOVA). Pearson’s coefficient explored correlations between kinetics and kinematics variables; sig- nificance was set at P<0.05. reSulTS: dlWu increased rfd (34.52±16.55 vs. 31.29±13.70 N/s; Δ=9.35%) and stroke-rate (64.70±9.84 vs. 61.56±7.07 Hz; Δ=5.10%) compared to SWu, but decreased velocity, force, acceleration, impulse and power. during the incremental-load test velocity and power were higher than obtained after SWu (1.21±0.14 vs. 1.17±0.12 m/s; Δ=3.06%), (51.38±14.93 vs. 49.98±15.40 W; Δ=2.72%), suggesting enhance- ments prompted by the test itself. Correlations between stroke-length with impulse (r=0.76) and power (r=0.75) associated kinetics with kine- matics. CONCLUSIONS: Potentiation responses were present after the dry-land warm-up. However, swimmers may benefit more from submaximal prolonged conditioning activities such as resisted swimming rather than high-resistance dry-land sets to obtain performance enhancements

Influence of the Social and Economic Changes in the Fertility Control: an analysis of rural Spain based on microdata (16th-21st centuries)

La Demografía es una ciencia social multidisciplinar que cuenta con distintas aproximaciones a su estudio. Tradicionalmente ha sido el campo de trabajo de distintos historiadores, geógrafos, economistas y sociólogos que con el paso del tiempo devinieron en demógrafos. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas la Historia Económica ha reclamado entrar en esta pugna y ha propuesto nuevas perspectivas y metodologías que, en gran medida, son contempladas en este proyecto de tesis, y que tratan de observar cómo los cambios económicos (en los mercados o en las familias) han afectado al comportamiento demográfico.Este proyecto de tesis trata, por tanto, de proponer una investigación consecuente con un estudio demográfico adecuado para esta perspectiva. Siempre teniendo como referentes los últimos trabajos en Demografía Histórica (y Demografía Económica).Existen varias vías para aproximarnos al estudio demográfico. En este caso nos adentraremos a través del microanálisis, por el método de Reconstrucción de Familias, ideado y desarrollado por Henry y Fleury en 1956. Para ello, toda la tesis se fundamenta en estudios de casos reales y, con este objetivo, he realizado la reconstrucción de familias de 10 municipios del medio rural aragonés (Alfamén, Aylés, Botorrita, Jaulín, Longares, Mezalocha, Mozota, Muel, Tosos y Villanueva de Huerva) entre los siglos XVI y XXI (dependiendo del municipio comprende distintos años). Dentro de la Demografía hemos seleccionado como principal tema de estudio el control de la fecundidad durante los siglos que comprende la base de datos (ya sea período pretransicional o de Transición Demográfica), dado que es un tema de gran interés que está viviendo una revolución (especialmente en el período pretransicional) con la aplicación de nuevas técnicas estadísticas a los microdatos que están permitiendo profundizar en el conocimiento de las sociedades en el pasado.La tesis se compone de cuatro introducciones, que sirven para contextualizar el tema y el área de estudio, además de profundizar en el conocimiento del método de reconstrucción de familias en España, y de seis capítulos que analizan los siguientes temas:Capítulo 1. Estudia la relación entre la baja presión demográfica y la relajación de los frenos maltusianos en el contexto del modelo matrimonial de Europa Occidental. Para ello, se analiza el extraordinario contexto de la expulsión de los moriscos a partir de microdatos. Los resultados demuestran que los individuos, que repoblaron las localidades que habían sido de moriscos, relajaron sus frenos maltusianos (reduciendo la edad de acceso al matrimonio y aumentando la fecundidad marital) durante más de un siglo.Capítulo 2. Analiza las diferencias entre solteros y casados a partir de microdatos en el período 1750-2012. Entre sus principales hallazgos se encuentra que los solteros presentan mayor probabilidad de morir respecto a los casados hasta los 45 años, pero menor a partir de esa edad. Del mismo modo, podemos concluir a partir de los resultados que la presencia de hermanos solteros fue determinante en la probabilidad de que otro hermano permanezca soltero.Capítulo 3. En este capítulo se analiza, a partir de 24 regresiones logísticas, las características que determinan que un individuo (hombre o mujer) permanezca célibe hasta los 45 años. El análisis se realiza para el período 1785-1965. Entre los resultados se encuentra la importancia del contexto familiar y epidemiológico. Asimismo, también se encuentra que durante el siglo XX los hombres más altos y más bajos tienen desventajas en el mercado matrimonial, mientras las mujeres mas altas se ven beneficiadas. Del mismo modo, sufrir algun problema físico o enfermedad grave también condicionó sus posibilidades de tener éxito en el mercado matrimonial.Capítulo 4. En este capítulo se analiza la evolución en el tiempo de la Transición Demográfica en el área rural aragonesa de estudio desde la perspectiva de las estrategias de control de la fecundidad empleadas, la detención total de la fecundidad, el espaciado de los hijos y las distintas combinaciones de ambas. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la detención de la fecundidad pero, sobre todo, nos permiten analizar la evolución en el tiempo. Por ello, podemos observar que en las primeras etapas de la Transición Demográfica el espaciado de los hijos jugó un rol fundamental siendo la estrategia más utilizada en los períodos previos.Capítulo 5. Este capítulo, al igual del siguiente, trata de demostrar que en el período previo a la Transición Demográfica se controlaba la fecundidad ante casos de necesidad. Este argumento se enfrenta a las ideas dominantes hasta este siglo. Para ello, se analiza, mediante Cox Model, cómo afectaron los shocks económicos a los individuos rurales. Los shocks son medidos a partir del precio del trigo para el siglo XIX, y a partir de las caídas del PIB per cápita provincial en el siglo XX. Los resultados muestran que los grupos económicos más dependientes de la agricultura (jornaleros y labradores) fueron los más afectados a nivel demográfico por los shocks económicos y para reducir las consecuencias de estos shocks controlaron su fecundidad. Los resultados demuestran que este control de la fecundidad se produjo durante el siglo XIX pero también durante el XX. Siendo los más vulnerables los mismos grupos.Capítulo 6. El último capítulo de la tesis analiza la relación entre el número de hijos supervivientes y la posibilidad de tener nuevos hijos. El análisis comprende el período 1750-1959. Los resultados muestran tanto para el período pretransicional, como para las primeras etapas de la Transición Demográfica y para las etapas más avanzadas, que las familias con mayor número de hijos vivos tendieron a prolongar el espaciado entre sus hijos o, incluso, a detener su fecundidad. Por lo tanto, en el caso de gran presión económica sobre el hogar familiar (por el elevado número de hijos) nuevamente los individuos tendieron a controlar su fecundidad temporalmente en todo el período analizado. Del mismo modo, los resultados también muestran una preferencia por los hijos varones en el período pretransicional, que deja de ser significativa en los siguientes períodos analizados.Por todo ello, podemos concluir que esta tesis contiene aportes de gran relevancia a nivel internacional. Con unos resultados de interés fruto del uso de un gran volumen de datos y múltiples fuentes combinadas.<br /

Pull-over potentiation in semi-tethered swimming

BACKGROUNDː The swimming community has shown considerable interest in using dry-land warm-ups as a method of impacting performance. This study compared the effects of high-resistance pull-over and swimming warm-up in semi-tethered resisted swimming. METHODSː An incremental-load semi-tethered swimming test was individually administered in 20 national-competitive swimmers to determine the load maximizing swimming power. In different sessions, participants tested such a load 6 min after a swimming warm-up (SWU) or a dry-land warm-up (DLWU: 3 pull-over reps at 85% of the one-repetition maximum). Kinetic variables (velocity, force, acceleration, impulse, power rate of force development (RFD) and intra-cycle variation), were obtained with a linear encoder through trapezoidal integration regarding time. Kinematic variables (distance, time, stroke-rate and stroke-length), were obtained by video recordings. The differences between protocols were observed by paired-samples T-test (ANOVA). Pearson’s coefficient explored correlations between kinetics and kinematics variables; significance was set at P<0.05. RESULTSː DLWU increased RFD (34.52±16.55 vs. 31.29±13.70 N/s; Δ=9.35%) and stroke-rate (64.70±9.84 vs. 61.56 ± 7.07 Hz; Δ=5.10%) compared to SWU, but decreased velocity, force, acceleration, impulse and power. During the incremental-load test velocity and power were higher than obtained after SWU (1.21±0.14 vs. 1.17±0.12 m/s; Δ=3.06%), (51.38±14.93 vs. 49.98±15.40 W; Δ=2.72%), suggesting enhancements prompted by the test itself. Correlations between stroke-length with impulse (r=0.76) and power (r=0.75) associated kinetics with kinematics. CONCLUSIONSː Potentiation responses were present after the dry-land warm-up. However, swimmers may benefit more from submaximal prolonged conditioning activities such as resisted swimming rather than high-resistance dry-land sets to obtain performance enhancements.CTS-527: Actividad física y deportiva en el medio acuátic

Postactivation potentiation in sprint swimming performance

Introduction: In sprint swimming, every instant is critical. Nowadays, is common to see how sprint swimmers prepare for racing by activating themselves on many different ways such as doing ballistic stretching, by increasing their breathing and heart rate, or by strongly clapping their chest or limbs. Therefore, it cannot be rejected the fact that sprint swimmers need to create an extra activation on their neuromuscular system in order to race at the best of their capacities. Many of those methods have been based on post-activation potentiation (PAP). A procedure which improves muscle contractility both in strength and speed through previously applying maximal or submaximal conditioning exercises on the muscle system. The aim of this study was testing different PAP protocols on sprint swimming performance. Methods: This study received the approval of the ethics committee of the research board’s university and all the protocols accomplished with the declaration of Helsinki regarding the use of human subjects. Thirty trained swimmers volunteered to participate on this study and signed informed consent. First of all, all the swimmers were obtained the maximal repetition lifting load (RM), through strength tests consisting on an incremental load repetition test both for lower and upper limbs. In order to obtain results related to specific swimming-movements, PAP methods were extrapolated from experimental conditions and tested on a swimming start performance. Free-weight load lifting and maximal eccentric flywheel contractions simulating the movement of a swimming start were tested. Kinetic and kinematic variables of performance were obtained through a dynamometer experimental block start station and by photogrammetry. Individual’s strength index were also discussed and related to the results. Finally, conditioning exercises simulating arm strokes in swimming through free-weight and eccentric flywheel were tested on the variables of competition of a swimming race. Results: Swimming starts were able of being improved through PAP as velocity at take-off was higher, specially after eccentric warm-up protocols. These improvements would come from improvements on the vertical vectors of force/impulse developed by the lower limbs on the block. In fact, stronger athletes seemed to react better to PAP protocols, possibly because myosin phosphorylation (main PAP precursor) is more frequent on type II fibers. The first meters of a swimming race might be improved by using PAP. However, some swimming patterns as stroke length might be deteriorated along the race. Conclusion: Fatigue and potentiation co-exists as responses of PAP, therefore, it generates very individualized responses, specially in males. Positive results might be obtained from applying PAP methods on the swimming start impulse although is still needed finding a suitable intensity for the conditioning exercises applied on upper limbs. Acknowledgements: DEP2014-59707-P: SWIM: Specific Water Innovative Measurements, applied to the development of International Swimmers in Short Swimming Events (50and100m).CTS-527: Actividad física y deportiva en el medio acuátic

Lower fatigue and faster recovery of ultra-short race-pace swimming training sessions

Ultra-short race-pace training (USRPT) is a high-intensity training modality used in swimming for the development of the specific race-technique. However, there is little information about the fatigue associated to this modality. In a crossover design, acute responses of two volume-equated sessions (1000-m) were compared on 14 national swimmers: i) USRPT: 20×50-m; ii) RPT: 10×100-m. Both protocols followed an equivalent work recovery ratio (1:1) based on individual 200-m race-pace. The swimming times and the arm-strokes count were monitored on each set and compared by mixed-models. Blood lactate [La-] and countermovement jump-height (CMJ) were compared within and between conditions 2 and 5 min after the protocols. The last bouts in RPT were 1.5–3% slower than the target pace, entailing an arm-strokes increase value of ~0.22 for every second increase in swimming time. USRPT produced lower [La-] ([Mean ± standard deviation], 2 min: 8.2±2.4 [p = 0.021]; 5 min: 6.9±2.8 mM/L [p = 0.008]), than RPT (2 min: 10.9±2.3; 5 min: 9.9±2.4 mM/L). CMJ was lowered at min 2 after RPT (-11.09%) and USRPT (-5.89%), but returned to the baseline in USRPT at min 5 of recovery (4.07%). In conclusion, lower fatigue and better recovery were achieved during USRPT compared to traditional high-volume set.CTS-52

Vibrational and thermal characterization of seeds, pulp, leaves and seed oil of Rosa rubiginosa

Rosa rubiginosa L. seed oil has been studied for its application in skin care products, but the chemical nature of seeds, pulp and even leaves, apart from that of oil, is also relevant with a view to the application of this weed for biodiesel production. All these vegetal materials were studied by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for characterisation purposes. FTIR bands at 3005, 2924, 1740, 1654 and 1456 cm-1 were used to estimate the iodine index, suitable for biofuels, and the oxidation stability degree. From the viewpoint of the thermal stability, both the seed oil (for which pyrolysis occurs at 462°C), the raw seeds and the rosehip pulp (with decomposition temperatures of 373°C and 333°C, respectively) showed potential as a biomass feedstock for conversion into biofuels. Caracterización térmica y vibracional de las semillas, pulpa, hojas y aceite de semillas de Rosa rubiginosa. El aceite de semillas de R. rubiginosa L. ha sido estudiado para su aplicación en productos para el cuidado de la piel, pero la naturaleza química de las semillas, pulpa y hojas, además de la del aceite, también es importante con miras a la aplicación de esta mala hierba para la producción de biodiesel. Los materiales vegetales mencionados se han estudiado mediante espectroscopía infrarroja (FTIR) y calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC) con fines de caracterización. Las bandas del espectro infrarrojo en 3005, 2924, 1740, 1654 y 1456 cm-1 han sido utilizadas para estimar el índice de yodo, adecuado para los biocombustibles, y el grado de estabilidad a la oxidación. Desde el punto de vista de la estabilidad térmica, tanto el aceite de semillas (para el que la pirólisis se produce a 462ºC) como las semillas crudas y la pulpa (con temperaturas de descomposición de 373°C y 333°C, respectivamente) mostraron potencial como materia prima de biomasa para su conversión en biocombustibles