Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Pharmacovigilance Among Health Care Professionals in Indonesia

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) defines pharmacovigilance (PV) as a science and activities related to detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effect or any other drug related problem. It aims to enhance patient care and patient safety in drug use. Although Indonesia has joined WHO International drug safety monitoring program since 1970s, the implementation is not applied effectively especially in developing country and there are poor contribution of health care professionals (HCPs) as an agent of the program. In this study, we assessed current knowledge, activities and practice of PV among HCPs in Indonesia. Methods: This is a preliminary survey using a questionnaire distributed among HCPs through health seminar and internet. The questionnaire consists of statement/question about knowledge(6), activities(6) and whether HCPs who encounter ADRs handle and report it correctly. If the respondents gave 80 % suitable answers in the knowledge or attitude sections, they were categorized as having “good” knowledge or attitude. We analyzed whether knowledge, attitude and other characteristic had any influence on the respodents PV practice. Results: We included 109 questionnaires from 118 distributed questionnaires. Most of the respondents were females (90 respondents, 82.6%), medical doctors (100 respondents, 91.7%), and were working in primary health care level. Good knowledge was found in 28 (25.7 %) of respondents, while good attitude towards PV were found in less than 20 % (18) of the respondents. Only 4 (3.7 %) of total respondents did a good pharmacovigilance practice. We found no significant association between level of knowledge, attitude and other factors to the poor pratice of PV. Conclusion: The knowledge, activities and practices of pharmacovigilance among HCPs in Indonesia were poor and requires a continuous socialization among HCPs in different level of care

Testing limits to airflow perturbation device (APD) measurements

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The Airflow Perturbation Device (APD) is a lightweight, portable device that can be used to measure total respiratory resistance as well as inhalation and exhalation resistances. There is a need to determine limits to the accuracy of APD measurements for different conditions likely to occur: leaks around the mouthpiece, use of an oronasal mask, and the addition of resistance in the respiratory system. Also, there is a need for resistance measurements in patients who are ventilated.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Ten subjects between the ages of 18 and 35 were tested for each station in the experiment. The first station involved testing the effects of leaks of known sizes on APD measurements. The second station tested the use of an oronasal mask used in conjunction with the APD during nose and mouth breathing. The third station tested the effects of two different resistances added in series with the APD mouthpiece. The fourth station tested the usage of a flexible ventilator tube in conjunction with the APD.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All leaks reduced APD resistance measurement values. Leaks represented by two 3.2 mm diameter tubes reduced measured resistance by about 10% (4.2 cmH₂O·sec/L for control and 3.9 cm H₂O·sec/L for the leak). This was not statistically significant. Larger leaks given by 4.8 and 6.4 mm tubes reduced measurements significantly (3.4 and 3.0 cm cmH₂O·sec/L, respectively). Mouth resistance measured with a cardboard mouthpiece gave an APD measurement of 4.2 cm H₂O·sec/L and mouth resistance measured with an oronasal mask was 4.5 cm H₂O·sec/L; the two were not significantly different. Nose resistance measured with the oronasal mask was 7.6 cm H₂O·sec/L. Adding airflow resistances of 1.12 and 2.10 cm H₂O·sec/L to the breathing circuit between the mouth and APD yielded respiratory resistance values higher than the control by 0.7 and 2.0 cm H₂O·sec/L. Although breathing through a 52 cm length of flexible ventilator tubing reduced the APD measurement from 4.0 cm H₂O·sec/L for the control to 3.6 cm H₂O·sec/L for the tube, the difference was not statistically significant.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The APD can be adapted for use in ventilated, unconscious, and uncooperative patients with use of a ventilator tube and an oronasal mask without significantly affecting measurements. Adding a resistance in series with the APD mouthpiece has an additive effect on resistance measurements, and can be used for qualitative calibration. A leak size of at least the equivalent of two 3.2 mm diameter tubes can be tolerated without significantly affecting APD measurements.</p

Perbandingan Lintasan Pemboran Berarah dengan Berbagai Metode Perhitungan pada Sumur G-12 Lapangan G

Sumur G-12 merupakan salah satu sumur pengembangan Perusahaan CNOOC SES Ltd yangterletak di lapangan “G” dan didesain dengan lintasan pemboran berarah. Dalam pengukuranlintasan pemboran berarah dibutuhkan metode perhitungan survey yang akurat sehingga tepatdalam penggambaran lintasan pemboran. Karena itu berbagai metode perhitungan hasil surveyakan dibandingkan untuk menentukan metode perhitungan hasil survey mana yang paling akurat,paling mendekati lintasan aktual pemboran. Berbagai metode perhitungan hasil survey pemboranberarah yang digunakan pada sumur G-12 di lapangan G antara lain metode Minimum Curvature,metode Radius of Curvature, metode Balanced Tangential dan metode Tangential. Dalampenggambaran lintasan pemboran berarah digunakan dua grafik yaitu penggambaran secaravertical view dan horizontal view. Dilakukan perbandingan antara lintasan aktual dengan lintasanpemboran berbagai metode berdasarkan bentuk lintasan dengan Vertical Section dua dimensi, danVertical Section tiga dimensi. Dapat terlihat seberapa besar deviasi dari masing-masing VerticalSection serta pengaruhnya terhadap tercapainya target sesuai dengan toleransi dari radius target50 ft

Kualitas Sumberdaya Aparatur Sipil Negara dalam Pelayanan Administrasi di Kantor Kelurahan Pandu

This study aims to determine the quality of civilian personnel resources of the State in the administrative services at the Village Office Pandu District of Bunaken, Manado. The method used is a qualitative research method. Research techniques using triangulation method. The results showed that the quality of Administrative Resources in the State civil administrative services at the Village Office Pandu still not been implemented properly. This is due to the work possessed knowledge has not kept pace with the skills and ability to perform their duties, due in part to the State Civil Apparatus has not mastered the technical and operational jobs, high discipline, loyalty to the job and work responsibilities

Analisis Penerapan Akuntansi Forensik Dan Audit Investigatif Terhadap Pencegahan Dan Pengungkapan Fraud Dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Pada Perwakilan Bpkp Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze: (1) the implementation of forensic accounting is applicable and effective functioning of the fraud prevention (preventive); (2) the implementation of forensic accounting is applicable and effective functioning of the fraud detection (detective); and (3) the implementation of investigative audit applicable and effective functioning of the fraud investigation (repressive) in the local ​​financial management. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative methods that examines the participants perspective and some informations from the key informan through in-depth interviews and additional questions instrument by using purposive sampling, then make data triangulation obtained sources and collection techniques for analysis interactively by reducing, displaying in the form of a narrative texts, tables, matrix, charts, and then drawn a conclusion. The results of research and analysis states that forensic accounting is applicable and effective function to be applied to the fraud prevention (preventive) in the local financial management through the FCP, SPIP and SIMDA; forensic accounting is also applicable and effective function to be applied to the fraud detection (detective) in the local financial management through Operational Audit, Audit of Government goods and services Procurement (Probity Audit), EDP Audit: Computer Forensic, and Whistleblowers System; and the Audit Investigative very applicable and effective function to be applied to the fraud investigation (repressive) in the local financial management through investigative audits, in order to calculate losses of the state financial audits, and the provision of expert witness

Corneoscleral laceration and ocular burns caused by electronic cigarette explosions

PURPOSE: To report cases of acute globe rupture and bilateral corneal burns from electronic cigarette (EC) explosions. METHODS: Case series. RESULTS: We describe a series of patients with corneal injury caused by EC explosions. Both patients suffered bilateral corneal burns and decreased visual acuity, and one patient sustained a unilateral corneoscleral laceration with prolapsed iris tissue and hyphema. A review of the scientific literature revealed no prior reported cases of ocular injury secondary to EC explosions; however, multiple media and government agency articles describe fires and explosions involving ECs, including at least 4 with ocular injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Given these cases and the number of recent media reports, ECs pose a significant public health risk. Users should be warned regarding the possibility of severe injury, including sight-threatening ocular injuries ranging from corneal burns to full-thickness corneoscleral laceration

Pengaruh Kecakapan Profesional, Kompleksitas Tugas, Gaya Kepemimpinan Dan Integritas Aparat Pengawas Internal Pemerintah Terhadap Efektivitas Pemeriksaan Alokasi Dana Desa (Studi Pada Aparat Pengawas Internal Pemerintah Kabupaten Talaud)

. Controlling and auditing of village funds allocation or Alokasi Dana Desa (ADD) by regional-government internal auditor or aparat pengawas internal pemerintah daerah (APIP) are necessary to support the good and accountable governance.This research is aimed to identify the influences of professional skills, complexity of task, leadership, and integrity of APIP, to the audit effectiveness of village funds allocation or alokasi dana desa (ADD). The population of this research were all regional government internal auditors (APIP) of Talaud regency, consisting of 34 samples.This Research used the primary data.Data collection was collected by questionnaires answered up by APIP.This research used multiple regressions to analyze the data. The analysis result shows that professional skills, complexity of task, and leadership do not significantly influence to the audit effectiveness of fillage funds allocation (ADD). On the other hand, the integrity of APIP significantly influences the audit effectivennes of filage funds allocation (ADD)

Late Miocene to early Pliocene biofacies of Wanganui and Taranaki Basins, New Zealand: Applications to paleoenvironmental and sequence stratigraphic analysis

The Matemateaonga Formation is late Miocene to early Pliocene (upper Tongaporutuan to lower Opoitian New Zealand Stages) in age. The formation comprises chiefly shellbeds, siliciclastic sandstone, and siltstone units and to a lesser extent non-marine and shallow marine conglomerate and rare paralic facies. The Matemateaonga Formation accumulated chiefly in shelf paleoenvironments during basement onlap and progradation of a late Miocene to early Pliocene continental margin wedge in the Wanganui and Taranaki Basins. The formation is strongly cyclothemic, being characterised by recurrent vertically stacked facies successions, bounded by sequence boundaries. These facies accumulated in a range of shoreface to mid-outer shelf paleoenvironments during conditions of successively oscillating sea level. This sequential repetition of facies and the biofacies they enclose are the result of sixth-order glacio-eustatic cyclicity. Macrofaunal associations have been identified from statistical analysis of macrofossil occurrences collected from multiple sequences. Each association is restricted to particular lithofacies and stratal positions and shows a consistent order and/or position within the sequences. This pattern of temporal paleoecologic change appears to be the result of lateral, facies-related shifting of broad biofacies belts, or habitat-tracking, in response to fluctuations of relative sea level, sediment flux, and other associated paleoenvironmental variables. The associations also show strong similarity in terms of their generic composition to biofacies identified in younger sedimentary strata and the modern marine benthic environment in New Zealand