Beyond Responsive Regulation: The expanding role of non-state actors in the regulatory process

This comment extends the vision of Responsive Regulation by noting subsequent developments in regulatory pluralism, in particular those occurring under private auspices. The apparent weakening or withdrawal of state regulatory institutions has inspired considerable regulatory activity on the part of non-state actors. In addition, the concurrent growth and pervasiveness of digital technology have greatly facilitated the involvement of individual citizens in non-state regulatory activity. However, the full implications of what might be called "wiki-regulation" remain to be seen. The risks that accompany private regulation may include the lack of accountability of non-state regulatory actors, and the possibility of their failure. There is also a risk that with the increasing salience of what Vogel calls "civil regulation," state regulatory institutions may atrophy, or fail to develop at all

Organised Crime and the Internet: Implications for National Security

Before being able to establish whether certain kinds of organised cyber-crime constitute a security threat, it is important to consider the wide variation in structure and targets of cyber-criminal organisations, some of which are state agencies or state

Organized Cybercrime and National Security

While much cybercrime is committed by individuals acting alone, a signi!cant amount is accomplished by offenders acting in concert. These groups have tended to vary signi!cantly in terms of their structures, their goals, the criminal activities in which they engage, and their organizational life courses. The nature of these collectivities, and the question of whether organized cybercrime constitutes a national security threat, are the subjects of this chapter. The answer will depend on one’s de!nitions of “national security” and “organized cybercrime.” Each of these concepts is problematic; the meaning of national security has been stretched signi!cantly in recent years, while conceptions of organized crime (terrestrial or in cyberspace) have been overly narrow. The chapter concludes that some forms of organized cybercrime can indeed threaten national security, both in a more conventional sense and in ways previously overlooked

Integrated Injection Logic

Since Integrated Injection Logic was developed in 1972, it has found applications in LSI memories, microprocessors, digital wrist watches, AID and DIA converters, and other custom IC\u27s. The characteristics of a typical IIL gate are comparable to those of CMOS devices. Propagation times as low as 63 ns and power consumptions as small as .01 mW per gate have been achieved in well developed IIL processes. The major benefit that IIL has over other logic families is its relative simplicity. A standard IIL process only requires four masks, (base diffusion, emitter diffusion, contact cuts, and metalli2ation\u3e. No isolation is required for an IIL process thus no epitaxial layer is needed nor is ion implantation or localized oxidation. IIL gates were processed as part of a double diffused bipolar project. Functional tests were performed on NOR and AND gates as to examine aspects of the design and processing. Suggestions for improving device characteristics for future IIL designs are also given

Requirements of Prosecution Services to Deal with Cyber Crime

The advent of digital technology and the convergence of computing and communications have begun to change the way we live. These trends have also created unprecedented opportunities for crime. Criminal activities that were not foreseeable two decades ag

Gambling and clients of ACT Corrections : Final report

In the ACT, as in the Australian population, the majority of people regularly participate in gambling activities. The purchase of lottery and instant scratch tickets, and use of club gaming machines comprise the highest participation in gambling in the ACT. • While many people gamble without experiencing any adverse consequences, for some people, gambling creates difficulty in their lives. Problem gambling can be defined by the negative effects that gambling activities have on the gambler, their personal relationships, working life and the wider community

Adolescent Gambling in the ACT

This report presents key findings of a 2003-2004 study into adolescent gambling in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The study is based on a survey of years 7 to 12 students from Government, Catholic, and Independent schools. The aim of this research project was to increase existing knowledge concerning the nature and extent of gambling amongst a population subgroup that was generally omitted by the Federal Productivity Commission in their 1999 report. Although previous studies of young people have been conducted in Victoria and South Australia that reveal higher prevalence of problem gambling than adults, no such work has ever been undertaken in the ACT. Our research therefore contributes to this scant Australian literature on adolescent gambling by providing further data concerning its measurement, causes and prevalence. In addition, this study provides regulatory and educational authorities in the ACT with a much-needed overview and the material basis for the development of evidence-based prevention and counselling programs, and education strategies. The research also assists in the development and validation of a consistent methodology to allow future replications, as well as providing baseline statistics against which future developments in adolescent gambling can be compared

Thinking the truth in times of faxe news: Dialogues between history and communicational studies to re – think the problematic of the truth in digital journalism

El presente trabajo forma parte de la investigación sobre periodismo digital en Salta, Argentina, que se realiza en el marco del proyecto N°2681/0 Nuevos formatos discursivos: periodismo digital y narrativas transmedia que dirijo y que cuenta con el subsidio del Consejo de Investigación de la Universidad Nacional de Salta, Argentina. A partir de conceptos teórico-metodológicos de la Microhistoria puestos en relación con los estudios comunicacionales repensamos la relación de los discursos de ambas prácticas de investigación- histórica y periodística-, con la búsqueda de la verdad, que se manifiesta en la función comunicativa: informar - ser veraz. Volver sobre las metodologías históricas y periodísticas que buscan sistematizar formas de tratamiento de la información acordes a esta función comunicativa, tales como la consulta de documentos o testimonios, fuentes de información y la adopción de una forma de construcción del relato histórico y periodístico diferente al relato de ficción. El contexto de producción de este estudio es el del periodismo digital global desde una mirada local, situada en la ciudad de Salta Capital, Argentina. También, el contexto de extrema desinformación, proliferación de fakenews y la consiguiente crisis de confianza ciudadana en torno a la prensa. En ese contexto es que se instala la pregunta, que no será retórica: ¿Acaso la verdad vale la pena?This work is part of a research work on digital journalism in Salta, Argentina, carried out within Project N ° 2681/0 New discursive formats: digital journalism and transmedia narratives under my direction, with the subsidy granted by the Research Council of the National University of Salta, Argentina. Starting from the theoretical-methodological concepts of Microhistory placed in relation to communicational studies, we rethink the relationship between the discourse of both research practices - historical and journalistic - with the search for truth, which is evident in the communicative function: to inform - be truthful. We go back to the historical and journalistic methodologies that seek to systematize forms of information processing according to this communicative function, such as consulting documents or testimonies, sources of information, and the adoption of a historical and journalistic construction form different from the fiction story. The production context of this study is that of global digital journalism from a local perspective, located in the City of Salta, Argentina. We are in a situation of extreme misinformation, proliferation of fakenews and the consequent crisis of public confidence in the press. It is in this context that a question is raised, certainly, not a rhetorical one: By any chance is truth worth it?Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia