Chemical and structural analysis of Eucalyptus globulus and E. camaldulensis leaf cuticles: a lipidized cell wall region

The plant cuticle has traditionally been conceived as an independent hydrophobic layer that covers the external epidermal cell wall. Due to its complexity, the existing relationship between cuticle chemical composition and ultra-structure remains unclear to date. This study aimed to examine the link between chemical composition and structure of isolated, adaxial leaf cuticles of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus by the gradual extraction and identification of lipid constituents (cutin and soluble lipids), coupled to spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. The soluble compounds and cutin monomers identified could not be assigned to a concrete internal cuticle ultra-structure. After cutin depolymerization, a cellulose network resembling the cell wall was observed, with different structural patterns in the regions ascribed to the cuticle proper and cuticular layer, respectively. Our results suggest that the current cuticle model should be revised, stressing the presence and major role of cell wall polysaccharides. It is concluded that the cuticle may be interpreted as a modified cell wall region which contains additional lipids. The major heterogeneity of the plant cuticle makes it difficult to establish a direct link between cuticle chemistry and structure with the existing methodologies

Powerful-synergies: Gender Equality, Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability

This is a collection of evidence-based papers by scholars and practitioners that explore the interconnections between gender equality and sustainable development across a range of sectors and global development issues such as energy, health, education, food security, climate change, human rights, consumption and production patterns, and urbanization. The publication provides evidence from various sectors and regions on how women's equal access and control over resources not only improves the lives of individuals, families and nations, but also helps ensure the sustainability of the environment

QUANTIFICATION OF RESIDUAL CLOVE OIL, BENZOCAINE AND TRICAINE IN FISH FILLETS USING SPE AND UPLC-DAD

Residual quantification of the anesthetics clove oil (CO) – isoeugenol (ISO), eugenol (EUG) and methyleugenol (MET) –,benzocaine (BZN) and tricaine (MS-222) was made in fillets of two fish species: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and acatfish hybrid, cachadia (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x Leiarius marmoratus). Samples (n=4) of each fish wereevaluated after submitted to anesthesia in five dosages defined based on the induction time of each species afterdepuration times (0h, 12h, 24h and 48h). Different methodologies of sample preparation were tested and selectedaccording to the better recovery. The quantification of anesthetics was performed by UPLC-DAD. The variance of residualmeans among anesthetics, dosages and fish species was compared. After anesthesia (0h) both species, tilapia andcachadia, presented residual anesthetics. Fishes depurated during 12h, 24h and 48h did not present detectable values, itmeans, values were below the limits of detection. BZN presented the highest mean residual concentration for tilapia andcachadia (p=0.01), while MS-222 presented the lowest residual amounts in tilapias and EUG in cachadias, what may berelated to the metabolism and carcass composition of each fish species. There were no significant differences among thefive dosages, except the lowest MS-222 concentration in tilapias that resulted in higher residual concentrations becauselow dosages increase the induction time and consequently the permanence of the fish in anesthesia. Ultimately, meanvalues of residues in cachadia were higher than in tilapia, and MS-222 and EUG presented the lowest residual values fortilapia and cachadia, respectively

Content of Minerals and Antinutritional Factors in Akara (Fried Cowpea Food)

The aim of the study was the quantifaction of minerals and antinutritional factors in akara (AK) and its crude mass (CM). Deep-frying was performed on 5 consecutive days. Potassium and phosphorus were the most abundant elements naturally present (545-719 mg 100 g-1 and 210-375 mg 100 g-1, respectively), while sodium exhibited the highest contents (699-1,869 mg 100 g-1) because of salt addition to CM. The content of antinutritional factors in AK and CM were determined to be: 11.27 ± 0.17 and 9.9 ± 0.14 µmol g-1 (InsP5); 2.92 ± 0.03 and 3.75 ± 0.11 µmol g-1 (InsP6); 1.73 ± 0.16 and 1.68 ± 0.02 mg eq. CE g-1 (tannins); 6.35 ± 0.03 and 6.27 ± 0.03 mg g-1 (polyphenols); 0.50 ± 0.00 and 0.0 HU kg-1 (hemagglutinins). Deep frying led to a signiï¬cant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in the content of most of the minerals and antinutritional factors analyzed. Nonetheless, AK was shown to be a good source of K, P, Mg, Mn, Mo, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn. However, bioavailability of the Fe and Zn was low

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

GLOBALIZAÃÃO, REESTRUTURAÃÃO PRODUTIVA E MOVIMENO SINDICAL

<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> GracaDruck <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> <span style="font-style: italic; font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"> Este texto discute, na sua primeira parte, o processo de globaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o em curso, priorizando sua dimens&atilde;o sociopol&iacute;tica; analisa as principais&nbsp; transforma&ccedil;&otilde;es que constituem a reestrutura&ccedil;&atilde;o produtiva e suas implica&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre o trabalho e o emprego; e tece algumas considera&ccedil;&otilde;es sobre os mais significativos resultados das pr&aacute;ticas neoliberais, apontando os seus limites e impasses.&nbsp; Busca compreender como se processa a articula&ccedil;&atilde;o&nbsp; entre a globaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o, a reestrutura&ccedil;&atilde;o produtiva e o neoliberalismo, a partir da categoria cr&iacute;tica do &ldquo;trabalho&rdquo;.<span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Technical;"><big style="font-family: Times New Roman;"> Na segunda parte, enuncia os principais impactos desses processos sobre os sindicatos, apresentando a origem, o conte&uacute;do e as principais tend&ecirc;ncias da crise do movimento sindical no &acirc;mbito mais geral e no Brasil.&nbsp; <span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Times New Roman;"> PALAVRAS-CHAVE: globaliza&ccedil;&atilde;o; reestrutura&ccedil;&atilde;o produtiva; trabalho; emprego; sindicalismo; neo-liberalismo. <span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: Technical;"><big style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US">Globalization:<span style="">&nbsp; ProductiVE restructurING and trade union&nbsp;movem<big style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US"><big style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-size: 8pt; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US">ents<span style="font-size: 8pt; font-family: Garamond; text-transform: uppercase;" lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 150%;" lang="EN-US">Gra&ccedil;a Druck &nbsp; &nbsp; In its first part this paper discusses the globalization process in course prioritizing its social and political dimensions, analyzing the main transformations that form the productive restructure and its implications on work and employment. It also makes some considerations on the results of the neo-liberalism practices, pointing out its limits and impasses. It tries to explain how the articulation between globalization, productive restructure and neo-liberalism take place, from the critical category of &ldquo;work&rdquo;.<span style=""> <span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US">In its second part the paper shows the main impacts of these processes on trade unions, presenting the origin, the content and the main trends of the crisis of the trade union movement on a more general scope and in Brazil. <span style="font-size: 10pt;" lang="EN-US"> KEY WORDS: globalization; productive restructure; work; employment; trade-union; neo-liberalism. Publica&ccedil;&atilde;o Online do Caderno CRH: <a href="http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br/">http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br <p class="vs" style="line-height: 13pt; font-family: Times New Roman;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 15.6pt 70pt 21.25pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 11pt;"><big style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-variant: small-caps;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><span style="font-size: 9pt;"> </html

TERCEIRIZAÃÃO: balanço de uma década

<meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> (37) 05 Gra&ccedil;a Druck e Angela Borges <span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> O estudo faz uma avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o do processo de terceiriza&ccedil;&atilde;o na Bahia nos &uacute;ltimos dez anos e busca cotejar informa&ccedil;&otilde;es coletadas no final da d&eacute;cada - tanto em pesquisas recentes realizadas pelas autoras como em levantamentos de outras fontes - com os resultados de um grande estudo realizado no in&iacute;cio da d&eacute;cada de 90, que contou com a participa&ccedil;&atilde;o das autoras e cujos resultados foram publicados. Destaca-se, sobretudo, o desenvolvimento das tend&ecirc;ncias j&aacute; anunciadas no in&iacute;cio da d&eacute;cada e as novbas formas de terceiriza&ccedil;&atilde;o. Discutem-se as principais implica&ccedil;&otilde;es desse processo para os trabalhadores e procura-se ainda evidenciar a rela&ccedil;&atilde;o entre o processo de terceiriza&ccedil;&atilde;o e as mudan&ccedil;as no mercado de trabalho, retratadas nos danos secund&aacute;rios dispon&iacute;veis. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Trabalho, terceiriza&ccedil;&atilde;o, mercado de trabalho, precariza&ccedil;&atilde;o, emprego. OUTSOURCING: THE BALANCE OF A DECADE <span style="font-style: italic;">Gra&ccedil;a Druck &Acirc;ngela Borges The study makes an evaluation of the outsourcing process in Bahia in the last ten years and tries to compare the information gathered in the late 90s - whether by the recent researchers performed by the authors or from the sources surveys - with the results of a major study carried out in the eraly 90s, whose results were already published, and with the author's participation. It is worth mentioning, however, the development of the trends that were presented at the beginning of the decade and the new outsourcing forms. The paper also discusses the main implications in this process as far as the workers are concerned. It also tries to show the relationship between the outsourcing process and the changes in the labor market, sown by the secondary data available. KEY WORDS: Labor, outsourcing, labor market, precarization, employment. Publica&ccedil;&atilde;o Online do Caderno CRH: <a href="http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br/">http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br </html

Défice de alfa-1 antitripsina. A propósito de dois casos clínicos

Resumo: O défice de alfa-1 antitripsina é uma doença hereditária autossómica codominante. O fenótipo Pi ZZ está associado com maior frequência à doença pulmonar, sendo responsável pelo aparecimento precoce de enfisema, sobretudo nos fumadores. Os autores apresentam dois casos de diagnóstico tardio e em que estiveram presentes outros factores que terão contribuído para o aparecimento de manifestações clínicas.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 295-302 Abstract: The alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an hereditary autosomic codominant disease. The phenotype Pi ZZ is associated more frequently with pulmonary disease and is responsible for the presence of emphysema early in life, particularly in smokers. The authorâs present two cases which diagnosis were performed later in life and in which other factors could be also responsible for clinical manifestations.Rev Port Pneumol 2007; XIV (2): 295-302 Palavras-chave: Défice de alfa-1 antitripsina, fenótipo Pi ZZ, enfisema, Key-words: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, phenotype Pi ZZ, emphysem