Improved Image Denoising Filter using Low Rank

Better diagnosis of disease is possible only with the better microscopic images. To do so images of the affected area are captured and then noise is removed to obtain accurate diagnosis. Many algorithms have been proposed till date. But they are capable of removing noise only in spatial domains so this paper tries to overcome that by combining low rank filter and regularization. If we only reduce noise in spatial or spectral domain, artefacts or distortions will be introduced in other domains. At the same time, this kind of methods will destroy the correlation in spatial or spectral domain. Spatial and spectral information should be considered jointly to remove the noise efficiently. Low rank algorithms are good as they encloses semantic information as well as poses strong identification capability

An Optimized Input Sorting Algorithm

One of the fundamental issues in compute science is ordering a list of items. Although there is a huge number of sorting algorithms, sorting problem has attracted a great deal of research, because efficient sorting is important to optimize the use of other algorithms. Sorting involves rearranging information into either ascending or descending order. This paper presents a new sorting algorithm called Input Sort. This new algorithm is analyzed, implemented, tested and compared and results were promising

Topological semimetals with antiferromagnetic order in Hubbard model

We examine the possible existence of Dirac semimetal with magnetic order in two-dimensional system with a nonsymmorphic symmetry by using mean-field theory within the Hubbard model. We locate the region in the spin-orbit coupling vs Hubbard interaction phase diagram, where such a state is stabilized. The edge states for ribbons extending along both the $x$ and $y$ directions are obtained. Then, we comment on the feasibility of such a state when the $SU(2)$ symmetric nature of the Hubbard interaction is considered. Finally, the effects of magnetic field on the Dirac semimetallic states and corresponding edge states are also explored.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figure

Study of E. coli metabolic pathways for efficient production of commodity chemicals using synthetic biology and genome engineering

Although bio-based fuels and chemicals offer an appealing and more sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based fuels and chemicals, their widespread acceptance has been partially obstructed by their limited industry-level titer and yield improvements. Historically, E. coli developed for chemical production has been modified with intuition-based biochemical changes of genes and their expression at the plasmid level on a trial-and-error basis. This type of work can be high cost and labor-intensive, and very unstable for industrial applications. Here, we present our work on the employment of advanced synthetic biology and gene editing tools that can accelerate the understanding and engineering of the microbial metabolic pathways directed towards the systematic and stable improvement of process, yields, and rates for biofuels and bio-products production. The overall objective of the current study is focused on studying and optimizing E. coli metabolic pathways for the efficient production of target bio-based compounds. We performed engineering of two E. coli metabolic pathways for optimizing the titers of two target compounds through a shared systematic approach of utilizing gene editing, strain development and optimization, and synthetic biology tools. Chapter three of this thesis involves the parallel integration and chromosomal expansion of the isoprenoid pathway in the E. coli genome for improved isopentenol titers. In this study, we enabled integration and independent expansions of three pathway components across multiple loci. Suicide vectors were used to achieve high-efficiency site-specific integration of sequence-validated multigene components and a heat-curable plasmid was introduced to obviate recA deletion post pathway expansion. Through 3-dimensional expansion, we generated libraries of pathway component copy number variants to screen for improved titers. Machine learning studies were conducted to predict the gene expression for the isopentenol titers. Polynomial regressor statistical modeling of the production screening data suggested that increasing copy numbers of all isopentenol pathway components would further improve titers. From the library of engineered strains with isoprenoid pathway components integrated and expanded in the genome, the best strain produced 344 mg/mL of isopentenol in the absence of selection pressure. Chapter four focuses on the metabolic engineering of fatty acid biosynthesis pathway for efficient production of fatty alcohols in E. coli. Due to tight regulation of endogenous fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, growth essential pathway genes were removed from the genome via CRISPR-Cas9 and placed on the replicable and repressible bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Another BAC module that consisted of a heterologous pathway for fatty alcohols production was introduced. Both these modules in the defragged genome were confirmed to be orthogonal and independent of each other. BAC-A module was introduced to support the cell growth in the absence of native genes and BAC-B module's main function was to express heterologous pathway genes for producing high titers of fatty alcohols. CRISPR-Cas9 was developed for simultaneous and consequential multigene deletions of twenty-seven growth essential native pathway genes. A resulting engineered strain with defragged genome harboring BAC-A and BAC-B was tested for fatty alcohols under different express/repress conditions and performed 2.5 times better than an engineered non-FABIO strain (consists of BAC-B without repressing the growth essential genes)

COMPARISON OF DENOISING FILTERS ON COLOUR TEM IMAGE FOR DIFFERENT NOISE

TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) is an important morphological characterization tool for Nanomaterials. Quite often a microscopy image gets corrupted by noise, which may arise in the process of acquiring the image, or during its transmission, or even during reproduction of the image. Removal of noise from an image is one of the most important tasks in image processing. Denoising techniques aim at reducing the statistical perturbations and recovering as well as possible the true underlying signal. Depending on the nature of the noise, such as additive or multiplicative type of noise, there are several approaches towards removing noise from an image. Image De-noising improves the quality of images acquired by optical, electro-optical or electronic microscopy. This paper compares five filters on the measures of mean of image, signal to noise ratio, peak signal to noise ratio & mean square error. In this paper four types of noise (Gaussian noise, Salt & Pepper noise, Speckle noise and Poisson noise) is used and image de-noising performed for different noise by various filters (WFDWT, BF, HMDF, FDE, DVROFT). Further results have been compared for all noises. It is observed that for Gaussian Noise WFDWT & for other noises HMDF has shown the better performance results

The World and the Indian Banking Industry

The Indian banking industry is presently in a situation of great flux. There are various developments, changes within the Indian economy and deregulations occurring that have the potential to drastically change the way this industry functions in the future. As per the changes envisaged by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), a roadmap has been laid down to gradually deregulate this sector to the foreign banks. This paper discusses related issues that Indian banks might face in the future and tries to draw uopn the experiences of other developing countries

The World and the Indian Banking Industry

The Indian banking industry is presently in a situation of great flux. There are various developments, changes within the Indian economy and deregulations occurring that have the potential to drastically change the way this industry functions in the future. As per the changes envisaged by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), a roadmap has been laid down to gradually deregulate this sector to the foreign banks. This paper discusses related issues that Indian banks might face in the future and tries to draw uopn the experiences of other developing countries

A randomized comparison between misoprostol and dinoprostone for cervical ripening and labor induction in patients with unfavorable cervices

Background: The induction of labor remains as one of the major challenges in obstetrics even in this modern era. The ideal priming agent is one that causes cervical change that is most similar to that seen in natural ripening process. This study was aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravaginal Misoprostol and compare its effects with intracervical dinoprostone gel for cervical ripening and labor induction in patients with unfavourable uterine cervices.Methods: This was a one-year prospective study conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of a 800 bedded premier teaching hospital in Ludhiana. The study population consisted of all pregnant women admitted to the labor ward beyond 37 weeks of gestation and requiring induction of labor for various medical and obstetrical indications. Frequencies, proportions, mean and standard deviation were done while chi square and t-test were used for determination of significance.Results: A total of 153 mothers fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study of which 81 mothers were induced by misoprostol and 72 mothers by dinoprostone gel respectively. There was no statistical difference in the maternal age, parity and gestation at the onset of study in the two groups. The ANC complications were also statistically similar. There was no significant difference in the mean initial Bishop Score in the two groups. 3.42 in the Misoprostol group and 3.56 in the Dinoprostone group. The mean Bishop Score after 8 hour of the first dose was 7.86 in the Misoprostol group and 6.88 in the Dinoprostone group. The mean time taken from the induction to the onset of labor was 5.57 hours in the misoprostol group and 8.04 hours in the dinoprostone group. There were no cases of tachysystole or hyperstimulation in both the groups.Conclusions: Misoprostol is a more efficacious cervical ripening and labor inducing agent compared to dinoprostone gel and can be used safely in the North Indian setting