22 research outputs found
Benefits of Improved Groundnut Technologies to Resource-poor Farmers: A Participatory Approach
Considering that non-adoption of improved groundnut technologies by the small and resource-poor farmers is due to non-availability of quality seeds, poor knowledge, inappropriateness of technologies, etc., in the current study, improved groundnut technologies have been implemented through participatory mode so as to generate awareness about improved technologies among them. The participatory approach could make the farmers to learn, adopt and spread new technologies. The economic indicators have shown that a net return of Rs 7104 per ha was realized by adopting improved varieties and integrated crop management (ICM) package during kharif season, and it is higher than the returns realized by growing local variety (AK-12-24) with local practice (Rs 2010/ha). The cost of production has been found to be Rs 11.04/kg and 13.98/kg among the improved practice and farmers’ practice, respectively. A similar trend of higher net returns (Rs 13820/ha) and lower cost of production (Rs 8.86 per/kg) has been observed with improved practice during the rabi season, compared to the lower net returns (Rs 6309/ha) and higher cost of production (Rs 11.34 per/kg) with farmers’ practice. The informal seed supply system implemented through seed bank operation in a participatory mode has increased the improved groundnut seed availability at the village level. The seed multiplication programme could increase the spread of improved varieties from 32 ha to 69 ha in the adopted villages and from 15.9 ha to 85 ha in the neighbouring villages within a period of three years. It will help increase productivity levels of crops and income of farmers. The informal seed supply system implemented through seed bank operation has been found very successful in the faster technology spread. Hence, this model may be replicated in other areas to provide improved seeds to small and marginal farmers. It will also help in achieving self-sufficiency in improved varietal needs at the village level.Agricultural and Food Policy,
Generation Mean Analysis Reveals the Predominant Gene Effects for Grain Iron and Zinc Contents in Pearl Millet
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a climate-resilient dryland cereal that
has been identified as a potential staple food crop that can contribute to alleviating
micronutrient malnutrition, particularly with respect to grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn)
contents, in Sub-Saharan Africa and India. In this regard, an understanding of the
inheritance pattern of genes involved in Fe and Zn contents is vital for devising
appropriate breeding methods to genetically enhance their levels in grains. In this
study, we aimed to determine the genetic effects underlying such inheritance and their
interactions based on the generation mean analyses. Four experimental crosses and
their six generations (P1, P2, F1, BCP1, BCP2, and F2) were independently evaluated
in a compact family block design in 2017 rainy and 2018 summer seasons. ANOVA
revealed highly significant mean squares (p < 0.01) among different generations for grain
Fe and Zn contents. Six-parameter generation mean analyses revealed a predominance
of additive genetic effect and a significant (p < 0.05) additive x dominant interaction
for the grain Fe content. The additive genetic effect for the grain Zn content was also
highly significant (p < 0.01). However, interaction effects contributed minimally with
respect to most of the crosses for the grain Zn content and hence we assume that
a simple digenic inheritance pattern holds true for it. Furthermore, we established that
narrow-sense heritability was high for the grain Fe content (>61.78%), whereas it was
low to moderate for the grain Zn content (30.60–59.04%). The lack of superior parent
heterosis coupled with non-significant inbreeding depression for Fe and Zn contents in
grains further confirmed the predominance of an additive genetic effect. These findings
will contribute to strategizing a comprehensive breeding method to exploit the available
variability of grain Fe and Zn contents for the development of biofortified hybrids of
pearl millet
Rhinologic Issues in Pregnancy
The diagnosis and treatment of rhinitis, sinusitis, and epistaxis during pregnancy present unique challenges to the otolaryngologist. Poorly controlled sinonasal disease may have significant adverse effects on the mother's quality of life and pregnancy outcomes and the lack of adequately controlled safety data limits the clinician's ability to make informed decisions about management. At the conclusion of this discussion, the reader should be familiar with the available literature and evidence-based guidelines regarding the safety and indications for radiographic imaging, clinical testing, medical intervention, and surgical treatment of sinonasal disease in pregnant patients. A review was performed of pertinent guidelines regarding the management of gestational rhinitis, sinusitis, and epistaxis, including the diagnostic and therapeutic limitations and physiological changes specific to pregnancy. A study population of four patients was analyzed to highlight the steps of management by reviewing the patient charts including pertinent history, physical examination, clinical course, and operative reports. Two patients with epistaxis and two patients with rhinosinusitis ranging from 27 to 38 years of age and between 16 and 35 weeks gestation were analyzed. The treatment of sinonasal disease during pregnancy is challenging and a thorough knowledge of the available medical evidence and treatment guidelines is necessary to optimize pregnancy outcomes. When the severity of disease precludes the possibility of delaying treatment, the clinician should provide a limited intervention that optimizes the mother's health without placing the fetus at significant risk
Benefits of Improved Groundnut Technologies to Resource-poor Farmers: A Participatory Approach
Considering that non-adoption of improved groundnut technologies by the small and resource-poor
farmers is due to non-availability of quality seeds, poor knowledge, inappropriateness of technologies,
etc., in the current study, improved groundnut technologies have been implemented through participatory
mode so as to generate awareness about improved technologies among them. The participatory approach
could make the farmers to learn, adopt and spread new technologies. The economic indicators have shown
that a net return of Rs 7104 per ha was realized by adopting improved varieties and integrated crop
management (ICM) package during kharif season, and it is higher than the returns realized by growing
local variety (AK-12-24) with local practice (Rs 2010/ha). The cost of production has been found to be Rs
11.04/kg and 13.98/kg among the improved practice and farmers’ practice, respectively. A similar trend of
higher net returns (Rs 13820/ha) and lower cost of production (Rs 8.86 per/kg) has been observed with
improved practice during the rabi season, compared to the lower net returns (Rs 6309/ha) and higher cost
of production (Rs 11.34 per/kg) with farmers’ practice. The informal seed supply system implemented
through seed bank operation in a participatory mode has increased the improved groundnut seed availability
at the village level. The seed multiplication programme could increase the spread of improved varieties
from 32 ha to 69 ha in the adopted villages and from 15.9 ha to 85 ha in the neighbouring villages within a
period of three years. It will help increase productivity levels of crops and income of farmers. The informal
seed supply system implemented through seed bank operation has been found very successful in the
faster technology spread. Hence, this model may be replicated in other areas to provide improved seeds to
small and marginal farmers. It will also help in achieving self-sufficiency in improved varietal needs at the
village level
Anesthesiology and Otolaryngology
XVII, 425 p. 260 illus., 80 illus. in color.onlin
Anesthesiology and Otolaryngology: A Critical and Unique Collaboration of Specialist and Specialties
Adult Burkitt lymphoma originating in the sphenoid sinus: case report and review of the literature.
Burkitt lymphoma is a high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The endemic form of this malignancy occurs primarily in children aged 5 to 7 years, and it presents with jaw and facial bone involvement. The sporadic form affects older children (mean age: 12.2 yr) and often manifests as an abdominal mass; it rarely involves the head and neck. The presence of any type of lymphoma in the paranasal sinuses is rare. We report a case of Burkitt lymphoma that originated in the sphenoid sinus in a 66-year-old white woman. The patient presented with hypoesthesia in the left V1 and V2 distributions and frequent left-sided headaches. Imaging revealed that the destructive lesion had spread into the cavernous sinus and infratemporal fossa. Repeat imaging showed progression of the lesion in just 1 month. An endoscopic sphenoidotomy was performed to obtain a tissue specimen, and a diagnosis of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma was established on the basis of its clinical, morphologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patient underwent chemotherapy and radiation. Short-term follow-up imaging showed that the lesion had disappeared, and the patient remained disease-free at 3 years of follow-up. This case is one of the few reported cases of true adult Burkitt lymphoma originating in the sphenoid sinus. We discuss the rapid progression of the disease and the considerable amount of invasion that can occur with minimal symptoms