Міфологізм у символістській прозі Клима Поліщука

The particularities of mythology in symbolist prose by Klym Polishchuk are explained in the article. There are two time planes of plot evolvement in fantastic stories by Klym PolishchukG past and present. Fantastic events in the past have continuation in

Supporting civilians and professionals after crises : Implications for psychosocial care

People are regularly confronted with stressful life events that can cause serious harm to themselves or others. Examples are the confrontation with violence or experiencing a severe accident. To prevent a negative mental health impact on those exposed as a result of these events, (international) guidelines and handbooks recommend early psychosocial support. Although widely supported by health care professionals, these strategies are in need of a more solid, scientific basis, to answer questions like: ‘How do we identify those at risk?’, ‘How actively should we approach them?’, and ‘What are their actual needs?’. To address these questions, we investigated support and identification after crises both among high-risk professionals (who are frequently exposed to critical incidents at work) and disaster victims. Among ambulance personnel and police officers investigating sexual assault and child pornography, we studied elements of a supportive work environment that facilitates their wellbeing. Among survivors of an airplane crash in the Netherlands in 2009, we focused on identifying individuals with high levels of distress. Finally, we studied whether a specific type of disaster, namely a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear event (CBRN event), warrants a different psychosocial response. The main findings concerning high-risk professionals were that, on top of critical incidents, the impact of daily organizational stress at work should not be neglected. We also underpinned the importance of social support of colleagues and supervisors after crises. Regarding timely identification of people with mental health problems, an active psychosocial response is recommended. Especially since we found that 3.5 years after the airplane crash, a significant minority still reported unmet mental health care needs. However, screening instruments to detect those at risk are in need of further refinement. Finally, in case of a CBRN event, crisis-communication to diminish uncertainty and the preparation of the healthcare system seem essential elements of psychosocial support. Ultimately these results have contributed to the knowledge on providing psychosocial support after crises. Juul Gouweloos-Trines is a psychologist and policy advisor. She currently works at Knowledge Centre Impact and the Institute for Psychotrauma (partners in Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group), where she combines research with clinical practice. She completed her PhD at Knowledge Centre Impact and the Department of Clinical Psychology at Utrecht University

Supporting civilians and professionals after crises : Implications for psychosocial care

People are regularly confronted with stressful life events that can cause serious harm to themselves or others. Examples are the confrontation with violence or experiencing a severe accident. To prevent a negative mental health impact on those exposed as a result of these events, (international) guidelines and handbooks recommend early psychosocial support. Although widely supported by health care professionals, these strategies are in need of a more solid, scientific basis, to answer questions like: ‘How do we identify those at risk?’, ‘How actively should we approach them?’, and ‘What are their actual needs?’. To address these questions, we investigated support and identification after crises both among high-risk professionals (who are frequently exposed to critical incidents at work) and disaster victims. Among ambulance personnel and police officers investigating sexual assault and child pornography, we studied elements of a supportive work environment that facilitates their wellbeing. Among survivors of an airplane crash in the Netherlands in 2009, we focused on identifying individuals with high levels of distress. Finally, we studied whether a specific type of disaster, namely a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear event (CBRN event), warrants a different psychosocial response. The main findings concerning high-risk professionals were that, on top of critical incidents, the impact of daily organizational stress at work should not be neglected. We also underpinned the importance of social support of colleagues and supervisors after crises. Regarding timely identification of people with mental health problems, an active psychosocial response is recommended. Especially since we found that 3.5 years after the airplane crash, a significant minority still reported unmet mental health care needs. However, screening instruments to detect those at risk are in need of further refinement. Finally, in case of a CBRN event, crisis-communication to diminish uncertainty and the preparation of the healthcare system seem essential elements of psychosocial support. Ultimately these results have contributed to the knowledge on providing psychosocial support after crises. Juul Gouweloos-Trines is a psychologist and policy advisor. She currently works at Knowledge Centre Impact and the Institute for Psychotrauma (partners in Arq Psychotrauma Expert Group), where she combines research with clinical practice. She completed her PhD at Knowledge Centre Impact and the Department of Clinical Psychology at Utrecht University

Nickel and cobalt trigger NF-κB activation, which is not inhibited by lipid IVa.

<p>(A, B) Dose-dependent activation of human TLR4/MD-2 by nickel and cobalt. HEK293/hTLR4 cells were transfected with plasmid encoding hMD-2 and luciferase reporter plasmids. Cells were stimulated with LPS (0, 1, 5, 10, 100 ng/ml) and nickel (A) or cobalt (B) (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mM) for 6 hours, lysed and tested for luciferase activity. (C) Copper and cadmium do not activate human TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex at low, non-toxic concentrations. (D) Tetraacylated lipid IVa (compound 406) does not inhibit human TLR4 activation by nickel or cobalt ions. #p≥0,01 (not significant); *p<0,01; ***p<0,0001 (t-test, compared to the unstimulated control unless indicated otherwise by brackets).</p

The risk of PTSD and depression after an airplane crash and its potential association with physical injury: A longitudinal study.

In 2009, a commercial airplane crashed near Amsterdam. This longitudinal study aims to investigate (1) the proportion of survivors of the airplane crash showing a probable posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) or depressive disorder, and (2) whether symptoms of PTSD and depression were predicted by trauma characteristics. Identifying these trauma characteristics is crucial for early detection and treatment. Of the 121 adult survivors, 82 participated in this study 2 months after the crash and 76 participated 9 months after the crash. Risk for PTSD and depression was measured with the self-report instruments Trauma Screening Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Trauma characteristics assessed were Injury Severity Score (ISS), hospitalisation, length of hospital stay, and seating position in the plane. Two months after the crash, 32 participants (of N = 70, 46%) were at risk for PTSD and 28 (of N = 80, 32%) were at risk for depression. Nine months after the crash, 35 participants (of N = 75, 47%) were at risk for PTSD and 24 (of N = 76, 35%) were at risk for depression. There was a moderate correlation between length of hospital stay and symptoms of PTSD and depression 9 months after the crash (r =.33 and r =.45, respectively). There were no differences in seating position between participants at high risk vs. participants at low risk for PTSD or depression. Mixed design ANOVAs showed also no association between the course of symptoms of PTSD and depression 2 and 9 months after the crash and ISS or hospitalisation. This suggests that health care providers need to be aware that survivors may be at risk for PTSD or depression, regardless of the objective severity of their physical injuries

The risk of PTSD and depression after an airplane crash and its potential association with physical injury : A longitudinal study

In 2009, a commercial airplane crashed near Amsterdam. This longitudinal study aims to investigate (1) the proportion of survivors of the airplane crash showing a probable posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) or depressive disorder, and (2) whether symptoms of PTSD and depression were predicted by trauma characteristics. Identifying these trauma characteristics is crucial for early detection and treatment. Of the 121 adult survivors, 82 participated in this study 2 months after the crash and 76 participated 9 months after the crash. Risk for PTSD and depression was measured with the self-report instruments Trauma Screening Questionnaire and Patient Health Questionnaire-2. Trauma characteristics assessed were Injury Severity Score (ISS), hospitalisation, length of hospital stay, and seating position in the plane. Two months after the crash, 32 participants (of N = 70, 46%) were at risk for PTSD and 28 (of N = 80, 32%) were at risk for depression. Nine months after the crash, 35 participants (of N = 75, 47%) were at risk for PTSD and 24 (of N = 76, 35%) were at risk for depression. There was a moderate correlation between length of hospital stay and symptoms of PTSD and depression 9 months after the crash (r = .33 and r = .45, respectively). There were no differences in seating position between participants at high risk vs. participants at low risk for PTSD or depression. Mixed design ANOVAs showed also no association between the course of symptoms of PTSD and depression 2 and 9 months after the crash and ISS or hospitalisation. This suggests that health care providers need to be aware that survivors may be at risk for PTSD or depression, regardless of the objective severity of their physical injuries