Limb body wall complex or body stalk complex or cyllosomas: a case report

Limb body wall complex (LBWC) is also called Body stalk complex and Cyllosomas. We present this rare congenital malformation complex highlighting the importance of early sonographic imaging findings in LBWC along with differentiation from other anterior abdominal wall defects. Limb body wall complex / Body stalk anomaly refers to a rare complicated polymalformative fetal malformation syndrome of uncertain etiology and results in head, heart, lung, diaphragm, kidney or gonadal abnormalities. LBWC was first described by Van Allen et al; in (1987). The two of the three following anomalies must be present to establish the diagnosis: 1. Exencephaly / Encephalocele with facial clefts, 2. Thoraco-Abdominoschisis / ventral body wall defects and 3. Limb defects. LBWC arises as a result of early amnion disruptions or error in embryonic development. If all components of the syndrome are present, the condition is lethal. LBWC is invariably fatal and incompatible with life. No case of postnatal survival is reported so far. Serum alpha-fetoprotein measurement and ultrasonography examination is the key to the prenatal diagnosis and followed by medical termination of pregnancy. It presents two distinct phenotypes described by Russo et al (1993) and later Cusi et al in (1996), according to the foetoplacental relationships: 1. Placento-cranial and 2.Placento-abdominal types. Among the 168 live births at S.V.S. Medical College & hospital Mahabubnagar (INDIA) during the period of 2010-2011 we came across an aborted female fetus. It was weighing 1800gms, 30 weeks of gestation diagnosed by antenatal ultrasonography as ventral body wall defect. It was associated with ompholocele, severe scoliosis and limb defects. Its confirmation of the diagnosis of Limb body wall complex with Placento-abdominal type was done by postmortem fetography

Analysis of Lifecycle Water Requirements of Transportation Fuels: Corn-based Ethanol - Model Description

Deriving ethanol from from corn grain and corn cob (crop residue) requires water. This report contains model estimates of the water requirements for ethanol based on default or user inputs of crop evapotranspiration, pre-irrigation water requirements for salt leaching and crop establishment, irrigation methods and the efficiencies of conversion technologies, and projected crop yields. Water requirements also depend upon procedures adopted for calculating co-product credits at various stages of the lifecycle. The model characterizes water requirements in terms of withdrawal and consumption, and source – ground water, surface water, precipitation, and soil moisture

Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States

The rapid adoption of ride-hailing poses significant challenges for transportation researchers, policymakers, and planners, as there is limited information and data about how these services affect transportation decisions and travel patterns. Given the long-range business, policy, and planning decisions that are required to support transportation infrastructure (including public transit, roads, bike lanes, and sidewalks), there is an urgent need to collect data on the adoption of these new services, and in particular their potential impacts on travel choices. This paper presents findings from a comprehensive travel and residential survey deployed in seven major U.S. cities, in two phases from 2014 to 2016, with a targeted, representative sample of their urban and suburban populations. The purpose of this report is to provide early insight on the adoption of, use, and travel behavior impacts of ride-hailing

Analysis of Lifecycle Water Requirements of Energy & Transportation Fuels: Electricity from Geothermal Resources - Model Description

A model is developed to estimate water requirements for electricity from various forms of geothermal resources. It considers two types of hydrothermal resources, wet steam and hot water, as well as enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Electricity can be generated using flash or binary (organic Rankine cycle) technology depending upon the temperature and pressure of geothermal fluid. Power plants can use three different types of cooling technologies – wet re-circulating, dry systems, and hybrid cooling systems. Requirements are calculated separately for freshwater, degraded water and geothermal fluid

Solvent Extraction Behaviour of Tris(oxalato)Co(III) with Long-chain Amines: Part II - Extraction from Hydrochloric & Sulphuric Acid Solutions

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The Kinetics of helix unfolding: Molecular dynamics simulations with Milestoning

The unfolding process of a helical heteropeptide is studied by computer simulation in explicit solvent. A combination of a functional optimization to determine the reaction coordinate and short time trajectories between “Milestones” is used to study the kinetic of the unfolding. One hundred unfolding trajectories along three different unfolding pathways are computed between all nearby Milestones providing adequate statistics to compute the overall first passage time. The radius of gyration is smaller for intermediate configurations compared to the initial and final states suggesting that the kinetics (but not the thermodynamics) is sensitive to pressure. The transitions are dominated by local bond rotations (the ψ dihedral angle) that are assisted by significant nonmonotonic fluctuations of nearby torsions. The most effective unfolding pathway is via the N-terminal

Kinetic pathway analysis of an α-helix in two protonation states: Direct observation and optimal dimensionality reduction

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing. This article appeared in J. Chem. Phys. 150, 074902 (2019); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082192 and may be found at https://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.5082192Thermodynamically stable conformers of secondary structural elements make a stable tertiary/quaternary structure that performs its proper biological function efficiently. Formation mechanisms of secondary and tertiary/quaternary structural elements from the primary structure are driven by the kinetic properties of the respective systems. Here we have carried out thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of an alpha helical heteropeptide in two protonation states, created with the addition and removal of a proton involving a single histidine residue in the primary structure. Applying far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy, the alpha helix is observed to be significantly more stable in the deprotonated state. Nanosecond laser temperature jump spectroscopy monitoring time-resolved tryptophan fluorescence on the protonated conformer is carried out to measure the kinetics of this system. The measured relaxation rates at a final temperature between 296K and 314 K generated a faster component of 20 ns–11 ns and a slower component of 314 ns–198 ns. Atomically detailed characterization of the helix-coil kinetic pathways is performed based on all-atom molecular dynamics trajectories of the two conformers. Application of clustering and kinetic coarse-graining with optimum dimensionality reduction produced description of the trajectories in terms of kinetic models with two to five states. These models include aggregate states corresponding to helix, coil, and intermediates. The “coil” state involves the largest number of conformations, consistent with the expected high entropy of this structural ensemble. The “helix” aggregate states are found to be mixed with the full helix and partially folded forms. The experimentally observed higher helix stability in the deprotonated form of the alpha helical heteropeptide is reflected in the nature of the “helix” aggregate state arising from the kinetic model. In the protonated form, the “coil” state exhibits the lowest free energy and longest lifetime, while in the deprotonated form, it is the “helix” that is found to be most stable. Overall, the coarse grained models suggest that the protonation of a single histidine residue in the primary structure induces significant changes in the free energy landscape and kinetic network of the studied helix-forming heteropeptide

Picosecond Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Raman Spectroscopy of 9,10-Diphenylanthracene in the Excited Singlet State

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.opticsinfobase.org/as/abstract.cfm?URI=as-49-5-645.Time-resolved Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of the highly fluorescent chromophore 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) in cyclohexane and ethanol is described. Raman spectra of the first excited singlet state of DPA were obtained with 100-ps resolution at several time delays between pump pulses at 355 nm and probe pulses at 1064 nm. The near-infrared excited-state Raman scattering is enhanced by resonance with an excited-state transition of DPA. The excited-state Raman bands decay in about 5-6 ns. Evidence for interaction of the solvent with the DPA excited state is observed in the cyclohexane C-H stretching bands