La lecture des œuvres complètes en contexte scolaire au Québec

Au Québec, les récentes réformes curriculaires témoignent d’exigences élevées quant au nombre d’œuvres complètes à lire en formation pré-universitaire, mais accordent une grande liberté aux enseignants pour la sélection des titres. Les auteurs se fondent sur les résultats d’une vaste enquête pour dresser un état des lieux des exigences des enseignants en matière de lecture des œuvres, des finalités associées à cette pratique et des corpus choisis. Les enseignants du primaire et du secondaire ciblent le développement du plaisir de lire, ceux du collégial visent la constitution d’une culture littéraire de base : la première est centrée sur la littérature québécoise alors que la seconde prend en compte le patrimoine français.In Quebec, the recent curricular reforms are very demanding in terms of the number of whole works to be read in pre-university training, but give teachers free rein for choosing which books. The authors draw from the findings of an extensive study to review teachers’ requirements in terms of reading works, the aims of this practice and the texts chosen. Primary and secondary school teachers want to develop a liking for reading while high school teachers focus on fostering a basic literary culture: the first is based on Quebecker literature while the second embraces French heritage.En Quebec, las recientes reformas curriculares atestiguan unas elevadas exigencias en cuanto al número de obras completas que deben leerse durante la formación preuniversitaria, pero les conceden una gran libertad a los docentes a la hora de elegir los títulos. Los autores se basan en los resultados de una amplia encuesta para establecer un estado de la cuestión de las exigencias de los docentes en lo que toca a la lectura de las obras, finalidades asociadas a esta práctica y corpus seleccionados. Los docentes de primaria y de secundaria se proponen desarrollar el placer de la lectura, y los de postsecundaria se esmeran por cimentar una cultura literaria básica: la primera se centra en la cultura quebequesa, mientras que la segunda tiene en cuenta el patrimonio francés

A model and typology of collaboration between professionals

Abstract Background: The new forms of organization of healthcare services entail the development of new clinical practices that are grounded in collaboration. Despite recent advances in research on the subject of collaboration, there is still a need for a better understanding of collaborative processes and for conceptual tools to help healthcare professionals develop collaboration amongst themselves in complex systems. This study draws on D'Amour's structuration model of collaboration to analyze healthcare facilities offering perinatal services in four health regions in the province of Quebec. The objectives are to: 1) validate the indicators of the structuration model of collaboration; 2) evaluate interprofessional and interorganizational collaboration in four health regions; and 3) propose a typology of collaboratio

Experiencing food insecurity in childhood: influences on eating habits and body weight in young adulthood

Abstract Objective: To examine how food insecurity in childhood up to adolescence relates to eating habits and weight status in young adulthood. Design: A longitudinal study design was used to derive trajectories of household food insecurity from age 4.5 to 13 years. Multivariable linear and logistical regression analyses were performed to model associations between being at high risk of food insecurity from age 4.5 to 13 years and both dietary and weight outcomes at age 22 years. Setting: A birth cohort study conducted in the Province of Quebec, Canada. Participants: 698 young adults participating in the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Results: After adjusting for sex, maternal education and immigrant status, household income and type of family, being at high risk (compared to low risk) of food insecurity in childhood up to adolescence was associated with consuming higher quantities of sugar-sweetened beverages (ßadj: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.27-1.00), non-whole-grain cereal products (ßadj: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.07-0.56), and processed meat (ßadj: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.02-0.25), with skipping breakfast (ORadj: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.08-3.53), with eating meals prepared out of home (ORadj: 3.38; 95% CI: 1.52-9.02), with experiencing food insecurity (ORadj: 3.03; 95% CI: 1.91-4.76), and with being obese (ORadj: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.12-3.64), once reaching young adulthood. Conclusion: Growing up in families experiencing food insecurity may negatively influence eating habits and weight status later in life. Our findings reinforce the importance of public-health policies and programs tackling poverty and food insecurity, particularly for families with young children

The effectiveness of scoliosis screening programs: methods for systematic review and expert panel recommendations formulation

Background: Literature on scoliosis screening is vast, however because of the observational nature of available data and methodological flaws, data interpretation is often complex, leading to incomplete and sometimes, somewhat misleading conclusions. The need to propose a set of methods for critical appraisal of the literature about scoliosis screening, a comprehensive summary and rating of the available evidence appeared essential. METHODS: To address these gaps, the study aims were: i) To propose a framework for the assessment of published studies on scoliosis screening effectiveness; ii) To suggest specific questions to be answered on screening effectiveness instead of trying to reach a global position for or against the programs; iii) To contextualize the knowledge through expert panel consultation and meaningful recommendations. The general methodological approach proceeds through the following steps: Elaboration of the conceptual framework; Formulation of the review questions; Identification of the criteria for the review; Selection of the studies; Critical assessment of the studies; Results synthesis; Formulation and grading of recommendations in response to the questions. This plan follows at best GRADE Group (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) requirements for systematic reviews, assessing quality of evidence and grading the strength of recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: In this article, the methods developed in support of this work are presented since they may be of some interest for similar reviews in scoliosis and orthopaedic fields.Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) by three means: CIHR Research Operating Grants (2004–2007, 2008–2011); Canada Graduate Scholarships Doctoral Awards (MB) and CIHR MENTOR and AnEIS Strategic training programs doctoral awards (MB)

Modèle des fonctions d'aide un pont entre la théorie et la pratique /

Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 3 oct. 2013

The facilitating factors and barriers encountered in the adoption of a humanized birth care approach in a highly specialized university affiliated hospital

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Considering the fact that a significant proportion of high-risk pregnancies are currently referred to tertiary level hospitals; and that a large proportion of low obstetric risk women still seek care in these hospitals, it is important to explore the factors that influence the childbirth experience in these hospitals, particularly, the concept of humanized birth care.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to explore the organizational and cultural factors, which act as barriers or facilitators in the provision of humanized obstetrical care in a highly specialized, university-affiliated hospital in Quebec province, in Canada.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A single case study design was chosen. The study sample included 17 professionals and administrators from different disciplines, and 157 women who gave birth in the hospital during the study. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, field notes, participant observations, a self-administered questionnaire, documents, and archives. Both descriptive and qualitative deductive content analyses were performed and ethical considerations were respected.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Both external and internal dimensions of a highly specialized hospital can facilitate or be a barrier to the humanization of birth care practices in such institutions, whether independently, or altogether. The greatest facilitating factors found were: caring and family- centered model of care, professionals' and administrators' ambient for the provision of humanized birth care besides the medical interventional care which is tailored to improve safety, assurance, and comfort for women and their children, facilities to provide a pain-free birth, companionship and visiting rules, dealing with the patients' spiritual and religious beliefs. The most cited barriers were: the shortage of health care professionals, the lack of sufficient communication among the professionals, the stakeholders' desire for specialization rather than humanization, over estimation of medical performance, finally the training environment of the hospital leading to the presence of too many health care professionals, and consequently, a lack of privacy and continuity of care.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The argument of medical intervention and technology at birth being an opposing factor to the humanization of birth was not seen to be an issue in the studied highly specialized university affiliated hospital.</p

Association entre la mortinatalite et lexposition aux produits chimiques pendant la grossesse

The objective of this research was to study the relationship between stillbirth and chemical exposure of pregnant workers.A case control study was conducted among women working in three sectors: Health, Personal services and Agriculture, and Manufacturing industries. Two hundred and twenty-seven (227) stillbirths aged 20 weeks of gestation or more, were matched to two hundred and twenty-seven (227) livebirths, for mother's age, gravidity and socio-economic status. Chemicals were divided into ten (10) groups. Exposure was assessed by visits to the workplaces, telephone calls or extrapolations. Conditional logistic regression analyses were done.Women working as hairdressers-beauticians$sp+$ (O.R. 0,01 (0,00-0,34)) and those working in the garment industry* (O.R. 0,24 (0,08-0,77)) had significantly less stillbirths while women working in metal-electrical-chemical industries* (O.R. 5,11 (0,99-26,37)) had a significant excess of stillbirth. Exposure to pesticides/germicides, irrespective of the level or frequency$sp+$ (O.R. 2,06 (1,15-3,68)), and occasional exposure to "miscellaneous" chemicals (other chemicals potentially fetotoxic)* (O.R. 12,07 (1,22-119,9)) showed a significant increased risk of stillbirth while exposure to a low level of metals$sp+$ (O.R. 0,28(0,10-0,83)) showed a significantly lower risk of stillbirth.Leatherworkers* (O.R. 2,59 (0,47-14,33)), women working in the textile industry$sp+$ (O.R. 2,55 (0,42-15,41)), agricultural workers* (O.R. 3,88 (0,47-31,88)), women exposed to a moderate (2) level of metals$sp+$ (O.R. 2,32 (0,59-9,10)) and those exposed to a high (3) level of solvents$sp+$ (O.R. 2,49 (0,47-13,30)) had a non significant (P $>$ 0,05) increased risk of stillbirth.The author proposes that ergonomic factors could be a confounder of the association between stillbirth and exposure to pesticides/germicides or metals. A study looking more closely at the association between stillbirth and ergonomic factors is therefore suggested. Because exposure of pregnant workers to elevated levels of chemicals is quite rare, further epidemiological studies should include more subjects. ftn$sp+$: stillbirths aged 20 weeks of gestation or more. ftn*: stillbirths aged 28 weeks of gestation or more