Pigeonpea genotypes influence parasitization preference and survival and development of the Helicoverpa armigera larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae

Studies were undertaken to identify pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh and the wild relative of pigeonpea, Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) (accession ICPW 125,) genotypes that are hospitable to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) for the management of this pest in pigeonpea based cropping systems. Percentage parasitization of the H. armigera larvae by the C. chlorideae females was greater under no-choice conditions than under multi-choice conditions because of forced parasitization under no-choice conditions. Lowest parasitization was recorded on the wild relative, ICPW 125, which may be due to long nonglandular hairs and low survival of H. armigera larvae. Parasitization of H. armigera larvae was greater under no-choice, dual-choice and/or multi-choice conditions on ICPL 87, ICPL 87119 and ICPL 87091, which are susceptible to H. armigera, than on the pod borer-resistant genotypes ICPL 332WR, ICPL 84060 and ICPB 2042; while survival and development of the parasitoid was better on H. armigera larvae fed on ICPL 87, ICPL 87119, LRG 41, ICP 7035 and ICPL 87091 than on ICPL 332WR, ICPL 84060, ICPB 2042 and ICPW 125. The genotypes ICPL 87, ICPL 87119, LRG 42 and ICPL 87091 that are hospitable to C. chloridae, are better suited for use in integrated pest management to minimize the losses due to H. armigera in pigeonpe

Pitting corrosion studies on Ti6Al4V alloy weldments in marine environment

1179-1182Titanium and its alloys are widely used owing to their high strength-to-weight ratio, good tensile strength, and resistance to corrosion. The Ti6Al4V alloy is called the workhorse among the titanium alloys owing to its wide application. Even though the Ti6Al4V alloy is immune to corrosion, improper welding conditions lead to contamination, making the weldments prone to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). These weldments are susceptible to SCC if they show sensitivity to pitting. This study examines the effect of welding conditions on the pitting corrosion behavior of 3 mm thick plates of Ti6Al4V alloy. The Ti6Al4V weldments were fabricated using fusion welding methods, namely, the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and laser beam welding (LBW) techniques. The pitting corrosion studies were carried out by a potentiodynamic polarization technique, using non-deaerated 3.5% NaCl solution of pH 7, to create a marine corrosion environment. The pitting corrosion studies yielded good results as there was corrosion resistance in weldments fabricated under controlled conditions

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio are useful markers of inflammation in polycystic ovary syndrome?

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder characterized by hyperinsulinemia, abnormal lipid levels, altered hormonal milieu such as elevated androgen levels, and chronic anovulation. PCOS is one of the important reasons for infertility. PCOS is the most common cause of irregular menstruation with diverse clinical manifestations affecting women of reproductive age. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to examine systemic inflammatory markers that can be detected in complete blood count, such as neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in patients with PCOS and to compare them with healthy women. Materials and Methods: This case–control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Devanahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka. After following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 160 subjects were included. Among them, 80 were PCOS patients as cases and 80 were healthy women as controls. A detailed clinical and gynecological history was obtained from all subjects. Women presenting gynecology OPD in the group of 15–45 years with irregular menstrual cycles were included in the study. The diagnosis of PCOS was done according to the Rotterdam criteria, diagnosis of PCOS requires the presence of at least two of the following three symptoms: (1) oligomenorrhea/polymenorrhea; (2) biochemical hyperandrogenism (Ferriman–Gallwey scores of ≥8) or the presence of clinical hyperandrogenism; and (3) detection of polycystic ovaries in an ultrasonographic examination (≥12 follicles, 2–10 mm in size). Under aseptic conditions, venous blood samples were collected from all the subjects to assess the hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), inflammatory markers, white blood cells, neutrophils (N), lymphocytes (L), and platelets. NLR and PLR were calculated. Lipid profiles were obtained in the fasting state. Results: In the present study, BMI 24.5±4.1 kg/m2, total cholesterol 160.1±24.2 mg/dL, triglyceride 99.1±28.1 mg/dL, LDLC 99.1±25.1 mg/dL, LH 8.4±3.8 mIU/mL, LH/FSH ratio 1.2±0.91, lymphocytes 16.30±4.69, NLR 5.73±1.91, and PLR 17.01±7.13 were significantly increased in PCOS cases and HDLC 39.7±6.2 mg/dL and FSH 6.1±1.1 mIU/mL were decreased in PCOS cases compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The study concludes that increased inflammatory markers such as NLR and PLR in PCOS cases compared to the age-matched individuals in the control group, suggesting the presence of chronic low-grade inflammation in PCOS cases of early reproductive age

Stability indicating Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of artemether and lumefantrine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form

Ultra performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Artemether (AMT) and Lumefantrine (LFT) in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through X-bridge C18 100 x 2.1 mm, 3.5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer 0.01N KH2PO4 (3.5pH): Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 55:45 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 0.3ml/min. Buffer used in this method was 0.01N KH2PO4. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 215nm. Retention time of AMT and LFT were found to be 0.787 min and 1.572min. %RSD of the AMT and LFT were and found to be 0.7 and 0.6 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.49% and 100.22% for AMT and LFT respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of AMT and LFT were 0.03, 0.08 and 0.095, 0.288 respectively. Regression equation of AMT is y = 19308x + 1509 and y = 36919x + 11566 of LFT. The developed method was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries. Keywords: Artemether (AMT), Lumefantrine (LFT), Acetonitrile, UPLC

Studies on Harvest Index in Soybean

According to Vogel et 01. (1963) the r.i.ght approach to increase the seed yield is the improvement in total biological yield and/or harvest index. Further, harvest index is a highly conservative and stable character (Spaeth et 01; 1984, Mercellos, 1987) and accounts for 95% variation in seed yield alongwith growth rate (Takeda et 01., 1979). These factors empha"ize the importance of harvest index in identifying the most efficient genotypes with superior biological and seed yielding abilities (Sharma et af., 1987). But the study of genetic architecture of harvest index is essential before embarking upon selection based 011 it. In the present study heterosis, combining abil ity and gene effects for harvest index were investigated..........

Pain, Physical and Social Functioning, and Quality of Life in Individuals with Multiple Hereditary Exostoses in the Netherlands

Background: This study aimed to assess pain and quality of life in a large cohort of patients with multiple hereditary exostoses. Methods: All 322 known patients with multiple hereditary exostoses in the Netherlands were asked to participate. An age-specific questionnaire was sent to children (less than eighteen years old) and adults. The questionnaire focused on pain, daily activities, and school and/or professional situation. Adults also filled out the RAND-36 questionnaire.Results were statistically analyzed with use of the SPSS 15.0 software and with the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. A p value of <0.05 was regarded as significant. Results: Two hundred and eighty-three patients (88%), including 184 adults (65%) and ninety-nine children (35%), completed the questionnaire. Multiple hereditary exostoses resulted in various physical and social consequences. The majority of adults (119) were employed; however, thirty-three (28%) had changed jobs because of the symptoms of multiple hereditary exostoses and twenty-five (21%) required adjustments in their working environment. Of the sixty-five adults who were not employed, thirteen were medically unfit to work. Of eighty-five children attending school, forty-five (53%) experienced problems at school. The symptoms of multiple hereditary exostoses caused twenty-seven children (27%) and eighty-five adults (46%) to stop participating in sporting activities. Pain was the greatest problem, with sixty-two children (63%) and 152 adults (83%) who reported recent pain. On multivariate analysis, pain in adults was correlated most significantly with age and problems at work, and pain in children was correlated with the perception of the disease and problems at school. Adult patients with multiple hereditary exostoses had a lower quality of life than the Dutch reference groups, with lower scores on six of eight RAND-36 subscales. Conclusions: Our study confirms that multiple hereditary exostoses is a chronic disease causing a profound impact on quality of life. The results suggest that pain is not the only problem associated with multiple hereditary exostoses, as it has an extensive influence on daily activities, as well as on social and psychological well-being, causing significant disability

Pigeonpea genotypes influence parasitization preference and survival and development of the Helicoverpa armigera larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae

Studies were undertaken to identify pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh and the wild relative of pigeonpea, Cajanus scarabaeoides (L.) (accession ICPW 125,) genotypes that are hospitable to the pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval parasitoid, Campoletis chlorideae Uchida (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) for the management of this pest in pigeonpea based cropping systems. Percentage parasitization of the H. armigera larvae by the C. chlorideae females was greater under no-choice conditions than under multi-choice conditions because of forced parasitization under no-choice conditions. Lowest parasitization was recorded on the wild relative, ICPW 125, which may be due to long nonglandular hairs and low survival of H. armigera larvae. Parasitization of H. armigera larvae was greater under no-choice, dual-choice and/or multi-choice conditions on ICPL 87, ICPL 87119 and ICPL 87091, which are susceptible to H. armigera, than on the pod borer-resistant genotypes ICPL 332WR, ICPL 84060 and ICPB 2042; while survival and development of the parasitoid was better on H. armigera larvae fed on ICPL 87, ICPL 87119, LRG 41, ICP 7035 and ICPL 87091 than on ICPL 332WR, ICPL 84060, ICPB 2042 and ICPW 125. The genotypes ICPL 87, ICPL 87119, LRG 42 and ICPL 87091 that are hospitable to C. chloridae, are better suited for use in integrated pest management to minimize the losses due to H. armigera in pigeonpe

INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE IN RECYCLING THE FOUNDRY SAND FOR MANUFACTURE INDUSTRY

Within the concrete industry the need for ecological censure is high. Use of manufacturing by-items including foundry sand, Metakaolin, silica flume and cylinder can result in considerable enhancements within overall industry energy-efficiency and ecological functionality. The intake of all kind of aggregates is becoming growing recently practically in many nations for a price significantly outperforming that suggested using the increase cost within their economic climate or perhaps their development companies. The goal from the experimental Program is always to compare the specific of qualities concrete used foundry sand combined with and without silica fume together with Metakaolin, utilized as extra cementing items. The various tests transported on concrete samples are talked about within this chapter, along with description in relation to mixture proportion design together with curing procedure adopted. Following concrete qualities are getting been talked about: compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and Flexural strength of concrete. Foundry industry use top quality different sizing silica sand for molding and casting process