According to Vogel et 01. (1963) the r.i.ght approach to increase the seed

yield is the improvement in total biological yield and/or harvest index. Further,

harvest index is a highly conservative and stable character (Spaeth et 01; 1984,

Mercellos, 1987) and accounts for 95% variation in seed yield alongwith growth

rate (Takeda et 01., 1979). These factors empha"ize the importance of harvest

index in identifying the most efficient genotypes with superior biological and seed

yielding abilities (Sharma et af., 1987). But the study of genetic architecture of

harvest index is essential before embarking upon selection based 011 it. In the

present study heterosis, combining abil ity and gene effects for harvest index were

investigated..........

Gadag, R N

Goud, J V

Upadhyaya, H D

ICRISAT Open Access Repository

Legume Research, 13(4) : 193-196, 1990. STUDIES ON HARVEST INDEX IN SOYBEAN According to Vogel et 01. (1963) the r.i.ght approach to increase the seed yield is the improvement in total biological yield and/or harvest index. Further, harvest index is a highly conservative and stable character (Spaeth et 01; 1984, Mercellos, 1987) and accounts for 95% variation in seed yield alongwith growth rate (Takeda et 01., 1979). These factors empha"ize the importance of harvest index in identifying the most efficient genotypes with superior biological and seed yielding abilities (Sharma et af., 1987). But the study of genetic architecture of harvest index is essential before embarking upon selection based 011 it. In the present study heterosis, combining abil ity and gene effects for harvest index were investigated. Twenty one F1s and seven parents (Bragg, Hardee, Monetta, KHSb2, Local Black Soybean, DS-79-62 and SL-96) of a diallel set constituted the experimental material. The entries were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications at College of Agriculture Farm, Dharwad (Karnataka). Pods were harvested when 95% of them had attained maturity. Air dried above ground plant weights were recorded for computing apparent harvest  index. Seed weight Harvest index= ----'--- -- -- --- - -------------­Above grount mature plant weight induding pods The data were analyzed employing Mode-I, Method-� of Griffing (1956). The analysis suggested by Gardner and Eherbart (1966) was also applied to obtain more information. Heterosis over mid parent (MP), better parent (BP) and best parent (BeP) was computed using the FI values averaged over replications following the methods of Turner (1953) and Hays et al. (1955). Among the parents and crosses, the variat ion for harvest i ndtx v. as signi­ficant. The percent heterosis ranged from - 5,6 (Hardee x 51.-96) to 21.4 (Monetta xLBS) over mid parent:l.\ value, from-8.0 (KHSb-2 x DS-74-62) to 20.0 (Monetta xLBS) over better parent and - 16.4 (KHSB-2 x DS-74-62) to 7.3 (KHSb--2 x SL-96) over best parent (Table 1), Only two crosses , KHSb-2 x SL-96 and DS-74-62 x SL-96 showed 7.3 percent heterosis each over the best parent (SL-96j. The parents diff�red significantly for h:l.rvest index (Table 2). Both general and specific combining ability variances were highly significant. But variances due to sca \\as smaller than that of gca, However Paschal and Wilcex (1975) found only gca variance to be significant, Predominance of non-additive gene effects was noticed, The general predictabi'ity ratio (0.227) was not high and hence the performance of crosses cannot be predicted by gca alone, In table 3 the harvest indices of parents and crosses alongwith their combining ability values are pr�sented. The Monetta x LBS cross with highest mid parent heteros is (21.4� ) and high sca value (0.039) invo lved parents with 194 ugume Research, 13(4) : 1990 Table I. Heterosis for harvest iade" in soybean % Heterosis over Cross Bragg x Hardee Braa x Monetta Braa x KHSb-2 BraaxLBS Braa x OS· 74-62 BraaxSL·96 Hardee x Monetta Hardee x KHSb-2 HardeoxLBS Hardee xOS·74-62 Hardee x SL·96 MoneltaxKHSb-2 MoDCtta x LBS Monett>!. x OS·62 Monetta x SL·96 KHSb-2x LBS KHSb-2xOS·74-62 KHSb-2 x SL·96 LBSxDS·74·62 LBSxSL·96 t ---Mid parent 10.7' 15.8" 14.0" 4.3 10.0" 8.6" 14.3" 8.3" 10.4" -2.9 -5.6" 13.6" 21.4" IS.8'· 1�.0·· 14.9" -1.1 20.4" 8.5" 7.J'· 12.4" • -Better parent 7.6' 10.0' 6.0' -2.0 10.0" 3.6 5.7' -1.9 0.0 -5.7 -7.3" 11.1" 20.0" JO.O'· . 1.8 13.6" -8.0" 7.3" 2.0 -3.6 7.3" OS· 74-62 x SL·96 SE 0.009 C.O. at SY­C.O. at 1Y­Best parent 0.022 0.030 " . .  Significant at S percent and I percent, respectively. 0.025 0.033 SL·96 (0.55) - ---. Best parent 3.6 0.0 -3.6 -10.9" • 0.0 3.6 1.8 -5.S' -l.6 -9.1" -7.l·· -9.1" 1.S 0.0 1.8 -9.1" -16.4" 7.3" -7.3" -3.6 7.3" oms 0.033 Tabl,l. General ANOVA and ANOYA /br <:ombining ability for harvest index in soybean Source Repli<:ation Treatment gea sca Error 02g 02S o'A 0'0 Gcneral predictability ratio .. Significant at 1 percent. cU. 2 27 6 21 54 Mean swn of squares 0.0003 0.0055" 0.00323!· 0.0014" o .00008 0.00020 0.00136 0.0004 0.00136 0.227 R.N. Gadag et !JI. 195 Table 3. gca diagonal and !Ca of parents and crosses ror harvest index in soybean ,Bragg Hardee Monetta KHSb-2 LBS DS-7� .S1--96 Bragg -0.0110 0.028 0.022 0.024 -0.024 0.022 0.009 (0.50) (0.57) (0.55) (0.53) (0.49) lO.SS) (O.S7) Hardee 0.009 0.031 0.016 0.025 -0.026 �.052 (0.53) (0.56) (0.52) (0.53) (O.SO) (0.51) Monetta -0.002 -0.001 0.039 0.D35 0.12 (0.45) (0.49) (0.54) (OSS) (0.56) KHSb-2 -0.024" 0.024 -0.040 0.061" (0.43) (0.50) (0.46) (0.58) LBS (Local Black -0.23' 0.012 0.003 Soybean) (0.44) (0.51) (0.53) 05-74-62 -0.002 0.035 (0.50) (0.59) 5L-96 0.031 (0.5S) ., "Si&nifican t at 5 percent and 1 percent and respectively. (Values in pa rentheses indicate per Ie perfonnance of parents and crosses). relatively low harvest indices. On the other hand DS-74-64 x SL-96 cross exhibi­ted highest harvest index (0.59) had the parents excelling in this character. But KHSb-2 x SL-96 cross involving parents with highest and lowest harvest index exhibited high harvest index (0.58). The combining ability analysis (Griffing. 1956) beside giving the estimates of components of genetic variance, gives the estimates of combining ability effects, which help in selecting desirable parents aDd crosses for further exploitation. The analysis proposed by Gardner and Eberhart (1966) sub divides the variance due to sca in to different components viz. avarage heterosis (h), varietal heterosis (hi) and specific heterosis (sij) which provides information on the additive effects of varieties and their average and individual contributions to the heterosis in crosses. The inferences from the analysis of Gardner and Eberhart (1966) are similar to those of Griffing (1956). The varietal eff�ct (vi), which measures the differences between the value of a particular parent and the mean of all parents was higbest for SL-96 and lowest for KHSb-2. This depends only on additive and additive X additive epistatic type of action, regardless of gene frequencies or correlation between loci. SL-96 also exhibited the highest gca value. The sca value of only KHSb-2 X SL-96 was significant and positive. Similary, the sca va.lue of Hardee X SL-96 was negative and lowe�t as in Griffing's analysis. Of the sub-components of heterosis sij (which are equal to sea of griffing's method) variances due to average heterosis (h) and varietal heterosis (vi) were significant. 196 Legume Research, I3(4f! 1990 The crosses showing positive sea effects, cQmbined with one good and one poor general combiners (e.g. KHSb-2 X SL-96) could produce desirable trans-' gressive segregants. Because of significance of non-additive variance, it would" be desirable to enforce homozygosity before operating selection. This could be " achieved by advancing such crosses through single seed descent method. . •. . To improve the grain yield in soybean, the crosses involving parents with high gca for biomass and harvest index be pursued through selection based on harvest index. The parent KHSb-2 with high gca effect for biomass and SL-96 with high gca for harvest index hold promise. Thus the cross KHSb-2 X SL-96 may provide the genotypes with greater biomass as well as harvest index resulting in high yielding ability. It is clear that this cross is also interesting when viewed from harvest index point alone, as it involves good and poor general combiners. The present study was limited to one season only and hence more information should b� generated, on this aspect. Depart ment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad-58000S, Karnataka. REFERENCES R.N. Gadag, H.D. Upadhyaya­and J.V. Goud Gardner, C.O. pnd Eberhart, S.A. (1966) Analysis and interpretation of the variery cross diallel and related popularion. Biom�lrics, 22 : 439-452. Grlffinll, B. (1956) Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel cross system. AUJI. I. BioI. Sci., 9 : 465-493. Hays. H.K.; Immer. T.R. and Smith. O.C. (1955) Methods of Plant Breeding. McGraw Hill. Compo Toc. New York pp. 52-65. Marcellos. H. (1987) Relatioaship between seed yield and plant traits and the constancy of harvest index in faba beans. FABlS Newslm�r. 18 : 27-29. Pa�chal. H.K. and Wilcox. J.P.. (1980) Relat ionship between harvest index and other plant characreristics in Soybeans. Crop Sci., 20 : 529-533. Sharma. S.K.; Slnl!b, V.P. and Sinl!h, R.K. (1987) Harvest index as a criterion for selection in wheat. Indian J. G�n�I., 47: 119-123. Spatth. S.C. ; Randall. H.C.; Sinclair. T.R. and Vendeland, J.S. (1934) Srabiliry of Soybean harvest index. Atron J .• 76 : 481-486. Takeda. K.: Frey. K.J. and Helses. D.B. (1979) Growth rate i nheritance and association with other traits and contribulion of growth and harvest inde't ro graia yield of Oats (.-fvena Saliva). Z. Pjlan=en:uchl . •  82 : 237-249. Turner. T.H. (1953) A study of heterosis in upland Colton II. Combilling ability and breeding effecrs . . -f"ron J .. 45 : 487-490. Vogel. O.A.: Allen, R.E. and Peterson. c.J. (1963) Plant and performance Characteristics of semi dwarf winter wheat prod ucing most efficienrly in easiern Washingron. Azron. J., 55 : 397-398. 'Presenr address : PIlnt Breeder (Groundnur). ICRISAT Centre, Patancheru P.O., Andhra Pradesh 502 324, India. 

Studies on Harvest Index in Soybean

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Studies on Harvest Index in Soybean

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