2,181 research outputs found
Post density functional theoretical studies of highly polar semiconductive Pb(TiNi)O solid solutions: The effects of cation arrangement on band gap
We use a combination of conventional density functional theory (DFT) and
post-DFT methods, including the local density approximation plus Hubbard
(LDA+), PBE0, and self-consistent to study the electronic properties of
Ni-substituted PbTiO (Ni-PTO) solid solutions. We find that LDA
calculations yield unreasonable band structures, especially for Ni-PTO solid
solutions that contain an uninterrupted NiO layer. Accurate treatment of
localized states in transition-metal oxides like Ni-PTO requires post-DFT
methods. -site Ni/Ti cation ordering is also investigated. The -site
cation arrangement alters the bonding between Ni and O, and therefore strongly
affects the band gap () of Ni-PTO. We predict that Ni-PTO solid
solutions should have a direct band gap in the visible light energy range, with
polarization similar to the parent PbTiO. This combination of properties
make Ni-PTO solid solutions promising candidate materials for solar energy
conversion devices.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figure
Transcritical flow of a stratified fluid over topography: analysis of the forced Gardner equation
Transcritical flow of a stratified fluid past a broad localised topographic
obstacle is studied analytically in the framework of the forced extended
Korteweg--de Vries (eKdV), or Gardner, equation. We consider both possible
signs for the cubic nonlinear term in the Gardner equation corresponding to
different fluid density stratification profiles. We identify the range of the
input parameters: the oncoming flow speed (the Froude number) and the
topographic amplitude, for which the obstacle supports a stationary localised
hydraulic transition from the subcritical flow upstream to the supercritical
flow downstream. Such a localised transcritical flow is resolved back into the
equilibrium flow state away from the obstacle with the aid of unsteady coherent
nonlinear wave structures propagating upstream and downstream. Along with the
regular, cnoidal undular bores occurring in the analogous problem for the
single-layer flow modeled by the forced KdV equation, the transcritical
internal wave flows support a diverse family of upstream and downstream wave
structures, including solibores, rarefaction waves, reversed and trigonometric
undular bores, which we describe using the recent development of the nonlinear
modulation theory for the (unforced) Gardner equation. The predictions of the
developed analytic construction are confirmed by direct numerical simulations
of the forced Gardner equation for a broad range of input parameters.Comment: 34 pages, 24 figure
Locked Temporary Vascular Shunt for Wartime Vascular Injuries
IntroductionTo reduce the ischaemia time of injured limbs in wartime, temporary vascular shunts (TVS) are commonly used. However, TVS are stabilized at the ends of the injured vessels using manual suture ties, the risk of dislodgement is high, and tightening manual suture ties is too time consuming.Technical summaryLocked temporary vascular shunts (LTVS) were designed, and each was composed of a silicone tube with a threaded outer surface and smooth inner surface in addition to two nylon buckle switches. The buckle switches were used to stabilize the silicone tube of the LTVS with respect to the vessel walls. This job was performed with two manual suture ties with the current TVS. The mean bursting pressure value of the veins shunted with the LTVS was 114.3% higher than that of the veins shunted with the TVS (0.045 ± 0.008 MPa vs. 0.021 ± 0.012 MPa; p = .00). Although the mean shunting time of the LTVS was reduced by 60.4% compared with that of the TVS (138.89 ± 18.22 seconds vs. 350.48 ± 52.20 seconds; p = .00), there was no significant difference in the patency times between the two types of devices (8.20 ± 9.01 hour vs. 8.40 ± 8.85 hour; p = .98).ConclusionThe LTVS, which was designed to treat wartime vascular injuries, might be safer and more efficient than the current TVS
Nonlinear Decoherence in Quantum State Preparation of a Trapped Ion
We present a nonlinear decoherence model which models decoherence effect
caused by various decohereing sources in a quantum system through a nonlinear
coupling between the system and its environment, and apply it to investigating
decoherence in nonclassical motional states of a single trapped ion. We obtain
an exactly analytic solution of the model and find very good agreement with
experimental results for the population decay rate of a single trapped ion
observed in the NIST experiments by Meekhof and coworkers (D. M. Meekhof, {\it
et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 76}, 1796 (1996)).Comment: 5 pages, Revte
Possible evidence for the existence of the Fehrenbacher-Rice band: O K-edge XANES study on Pr1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7
X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), resistivity and thermoelectric
power have been measured on Pr1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7. These data reveal an intriguing
electronic structure in Pr-doped cuprates. The absorption peak in XANES
associated with the Fehrenbacher-Rice (FR) band has been identified. The
Ca-doped holes in Pr1-xCaxBa2Cu3O7 go to both the Zhang-Rice (ZR) and FR bands.
Comparative studies on the related samples suggest that the FR band is
partially filled and highly localized. Implications of these results on other
recent experiments, such as the observation of superconductivity in PrBa2Cu3O7
single crystals, are discussed.Comment: 9 pages, 2 tables, 4 figure
The Nature and Cause of Spectral Variability in LMC X-1
We present the results of a long-term observation campaign of the
extragalactic wind-accreting black-hole X-ray binary LMC X-1, using the
Proportional Counter Array on the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The
observations show that LMC X-1's accretion disk exhibits an anomalous
temperature-luminosity relation. We use deep archival RXTE observations to show
that large movements across the temperature-luminosity space occupied by the
system can take place on time scales as short as half an hour. These changes
cannot be adequately explained by perturbations that propagate from the outer
disk on a viscous timescale. We propose instead that the apparent disk
variations reflect rapid fluctuations within the Compton up-scattering coronal
material, which occults the inner parts of the disk. The expected relationship
between the observed disk luminosity and apparent disk temperature derived from
the variable occultation model is quantitatively shown to be in good agreement
with the observations. Two other observations support this picture: an inverse
correlation between the flux in the power-law spectral component and the fitted
inner disk temperature, and a near-constant total photon flux, suggesting that
the inner disk is not ejected when a lower temperature is observed.Comment: 35 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Ap
Cosmopolitan Risk Community and China's Climate Governance
Ulrich Beck asserts that global risks, such as climate change, generate a form of ‘compulsory cosmopolitanism’, which ‘glues’ various actors into collective action. Through an analysis of emerging ‘cosmopolitan risk communities’ in Chinese climate governance, this paper points out a ‘blind spot’ in the theorisation of cosmopolitan belonging and an associated inadequacy in explaining shifting power-relations. The paper addresses this problem by engaging with the intersectionality of the cosmopolitan space. It is argued that cosmopolitan belonging is a form of performative identity. Its key characteristic lies in a ‘liberating prerogative’, which enables individuals to participate in the solution of common problems creatively. It is this liberating prerogative that coerces the state out of political monopoly and marks the cosmopolitan moment
An adjustable law of motion for relativistic spherical shells
A classical and a relativistic law of motion for an advancing shell are
deduced applying the thin layer approximation. A new parameter connected with
the quantity of absorbed matter in the expansion is introduced; this allows of
matching theory and observation.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures and article in press; Central European Journal
of Physics 201
Ground state energy of the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
We calculate, in the standard Bogoliubov approximation, the ground state
energy of the spinor BEC with hyperfine spin where the two-body repulsive
hard-core and spin exchange interactions are both included. The coupling
constants characterized these two competing interactions are expressed in terms
of the corresponding s-wave scattering lengths using second-order perturbation
methods. We show that the ultraviolet divergence arising in the ground state
energy corrections can be exactly eliminated.Comment: 14 pages, no figures, submitted to PR
Spatial Symmetry of Superconducting Gap in YBa2Cu3O7-\delta Obtained from Femtosecond Spectroscopy
The polarized femtosecond spectroscopies obtained from well characterized
(100) and (110) YBa2Cu3O7-\delta thin films are reported. This bulk-sensitive
spectroscopy, combining with the well-textured samples, serves as an effective
probe to quasiparticle relaxation dynamics in different crystalline
orientations. The significant anisotropy in both the magnitude of the
photoinduced transient reflectivity change and the characteristic relaxation
time indicates that the nature of the relaxation channel is intrinsically
different in various axes and planes. By the orientation-dependent analysis,
d-wave symmetry of the bulk-superconducting gap in cuprate superconductors
emerges naturally.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Physical Review B, Rapid
Communication
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