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    SzƑlƑmƱvelĂ©s Ă©s borkereskedelem a 16-19. szĂĄzadban = Viticulture and wine-trade in 16th-19th centuries

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    1) Az Ă©rmellĂ©ki Ă©s a bihari szƑlƑtermelĂ©sben nemcsak az extraneus birtoklĂĄs fontossĂĄgĂĄra derĂŒlt fĂ©ny, de arra is, hogy e vidĂ©kek a 18. szĂĄzadban olyan termelĂ©si lehetƑsĂ©get teremtettek, amelyek a lakossĂĄg gyarapodĂĄsĂĄt segĂ­tettĂ©k elƑ. NagyvĂĄradon, s SzĂ©kelyhĂ­d, DiĂłszeg Ă©s Margitta mezƑvĂĄrosokban a szƑlƑ mĂłdosĂ­tĂł szerepet jĂĄtszott a tĂĄrsadalom szerkezetĂ©ben is. 2) Tokaj-Hegyalja szƑlƑtermelĂ©sĂ©vel kapcsolatban bizonyĂ­tottuk, hogy a szƑlƑtermelĂ©s mĂĄr a 16. szĂĄzad elƑtt is nagy szerepet jĂĄtszott a tĂĄj Ă©letĂ©ben, amikor a hegyaljai bor mĂ©g nem volt orszĂĄgos hĂ­rƱ. A monogrĂĄfia rĂ©vĂ©n összehasonlĂ­thatĂłvĂĄ vĂĄlt a megyei Ă©s a hegyaljai nemessĂ©g Ă©s parasztsĂĄg tĂĄrsadalmi helyzete. Új eredmĂ©nyek szĂŒlettek a tokaji bor lengyelorszĂĄgi exportjĂĄval Ă©s a kivitel ĂștvonalĂĄval kapcsolatban is. A bortermelĂ©s 19. szĂĄzadi vĂĄlsĂĄga következmĂ©nyeit, a korĂĄbban gazdag mezƑvĂĄrosok elszegĂ©nyedĂ©sĂ©nek folyamatĂĄt is elƑször igazoltĂĄk a kutatĂĄsok. 3) Az erdĂ©lyi szƑlƑtermelĂ©s törtĂ©netĂ©ben nyilvĂĄnvalĂłvĂĄ vĂĄlt, hogy a kolozsvĂĄri polgĂĄrok szĂĄmĂĄra a szƑlƑ ugyanolyan fontos volt, mint a nagyvĂĄradiak, vagy a hegyaljaiak szĂĄmĂĄra. Az erdĂ©lyi CsĂĄkyak esetĂ©ben bebizonyosodott, hogy birtokaikon ösztönöztĂ©k a szƑlƑtermelĂ©st. A Kelet-MagyarorszĂĄgon Ă©s ErdĂ©lyben is sĂșlyos kĂĄrokat okozĂł filoxĂ©ra vĂ©sz hatĂĄsĂĄt is feltĂĄrta a kutatĂĄs. 4) ÖsszehasonlĂ­tĂł adatokat közlĂŒnk az EurĂłpĂĄban vezetƑ szerepet jĂĄtszĂł francia bortermelĂ©srƑl, s eloszlattuk Haraszthy Ágoston Ă©letĂștjĂĄnak „legendĂĄit” is. | New results of the research group: 1) we shed light on the importance of extraneus possession in the ÉrmellĂ©k and Bihar viticulture and the fact that in the 18th c. these regions – though they did not develop into monocultural vine-lands like Tokaj-Hegyalja – brought forward production possibilities that enhanced a population growth. In NagyvĂĄrad and the market towns SzĂ©kelyhĂ­d, DiĂłszeg and Margitta vine played a modifying role in the social structure. 2) In the Tokaj-Hegyalja region it has been proved that viniculture had already been shaping the landscape before the 16th c. when the Hegyalja wine had not yet been famous on a nation-wide level. We made a comparative analysis of the social circumstances of Bihar County and Hegyalja nobility and peasantry. New results have been reached concerning the export and transport route of Tokaj wine to Poland. The consequences of the 19th-c. wine-growing crisis and the impoverishment of the one-time rich market towns have first been justified. 3) As regards Transylvanian viticulture, it turned out that vine was as important for KolozsvĂĄr burghers as for their NagyvĂĄrad and Hegyalja counterparts. The Transylvanian CsĂĄky family urged vine-growing by introducing new allodial vine-plants and supporting peasant vine-yards. The influences of the vine-pest causing great damage in Eastern Hungary and Transylvania have been seen. 4) We have earned comparative results on French viticulture and the life of Ágoston Haraszty has been researched
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