137 research outputs found
Digitalization Directions of the «Green» Economy in Republic of Belarus
The article considers the directions of development and digitalization of the «green» economy in Belarus.В статье рассмотрены направления развития и цифровизации «зелёной» экономики в Беларуси
Entorno educativo digital como herramienta de cambios complejos de la actividad pedagógica del profesor
The authors of the article identified four basic functions of the use of information technology in the course of training future representatives of a profession: information and training, forming, evaluation and correction, research. It is noted that these functions do not operate separately, but as elements of a single system, depending on the conditions determined by the features of the information EE. The analysis allows the authors of the article to assert that at this stage of the educational process evolution the main task is to create a methodology related to the use of information management technologies in the development of electronic materials of educational nature and their implementation in the context of pedagogical activity.Los autores del artículo identificaron cuatro funciones básicas del uso de la tecnología de la información en el curso de la capacitación de futuros representantes de una profesión: información y capacitación, formación, evaluación y corrección, investigación. Cabe señalar que estas funciones no funcionan por separado, sino como elementos de un solo sistema, dependiendo de las condiciones determinadas por las características de la información EE. El análisis permite a los autores del artículo afirmar que en esta etapa de la evolución del proceso educativo, la tarea principal es crear una metodología relacionada con el uso de tecnologías de gestión de la información en el desarrollo de materiales electrónicos de naturaleza educativa y su implementación en el contexto de actividad pedagógica
Formation of official loyalty of cadets in educational process of higher educational institutions of Russian penitentiary system
© Author(s).This article is aimed at revealing the foundations of the formation of the official loyalty among the cadets of higher education institutions of the FPS of Russia by the institutions staff, and first of all, by the faculty. Leading methods of research of this problem in this article were: the analysis of scientific papers and official documents, questionnaires, interviews, observation. The article describes the key problems of formation of the official loyalty among FPS of Russia employees. Article identifies factors both assisting and impeding the process of the purposeful formation of official loyalty. Also the attention is focused on the heterogeneity of mechanisms of formation of official loyalty in behavior on the level of compliance with legal and ethical norms, disclosed the peculiarities of formation of official loyalty in the context of the educational process in educational institutions of the FPS of Russia. Principles and steps of purposeful formation of official loyalty in the higher education institutions of the FPS of Russia, practical recommendations in this direction are recommended
Discovery and modelling of a flattening of the positive cyclotron line/luminosity relation in GX 304−1 with RXTE
The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observed four outbursts of the accreting X-ray binary transient source, GX 304−1 in 2010 and 2011. We present results of detailed 3–100 keV spectral analysis of 69 separate observations, and report a positive correlation between cyclotron line parameters, as well as other spectral parameters, with power-law flux. The cyclotron line energy, width and depth versus flux, and thus luminosity, correlations show a flattening of the relationships with increasing luminosity, which are well described by quasi-spherical or disc accretion that yield the surface magnetic field to be ∼5 × 10^(12) Gauss. Since HEXTE (High Energy X-ray Timing Experiment) cluster A was fixed aligned with the Proportional Counter Array field of view and cluster B was fixed viewing a background region 1°.5 off of the source direction during these observations near the end of the RXTE mission, the cluster A background was estimated from cluster B events using
HEXTEBACKEST.
This made possible the detection of the ∼55 keV cyclotron line and an accurate measurement of the continuum. Correlations of all spectral parameters with the primary 2–10 keV power-law flux reveal it to be the primary driver of the spectral shape. The accretion is found to be in the collisionless shock braking regime
X-ray emission from magnetized neutron star atmospheres at low mass accretion rates. I. Phase-averaged spectrum
Recent observations of X-ray pulsars at low luminosities allow, for the first
time, to compare theoretical models for the emission from highly magnetized
neutron star atmospheres at low mass accretion rates ( g s) with the broadband X-ray data. The purpose of this paper
is to investigate the spectral formation in the neutron star atmosphere at low
and to conduct a parameter study of physical properties of the
emitting region. We obtain the structure of the static atmosphere, assuming
that Coulomb collisions are the dominant deceleration process. The upper part
of the atmosphere is strongly heated by the braking plasma, reaching
temperatures of 30-40 keV, while its denser isothermal interior is much cooler
(~2 keV). We numerically solve the polarized radiative transfer in the
atmosphere with magnetic Compton scattering, free-free processes, and
non-thermal cyclotron emission due to possible collisional excitations of
electrons. The strongly polarized emitted spectrum has a double-hump shape that
is observed in low-luminosity X-ray pulsars. A low-energy "thermal" component
is dominated by extraordinary photons that can leave the atmosphere from deeper
layers due to their long mean free path at soft energies. We find that a
high-energy component is formed due to resonant Comptonization in the heated
non-isothermal part of the atmosphere even in the absence of collisional
excitations. The latter, however, affect the ratio of the two components. A
strong cyclotron line originates from the optically thin, uppermost zone. A fit
of the model to NuSTAR and Swift/XRT observations of GX 304-1 provides an
accurate description of the data with reasonable parameters. The model can thus
reproduce the characteristic double-hump spectrum observed in low-luminosity
X-ray pulsars and provides insights into spectral formation.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, A&A accepte
Luminosity-dependent changes of the cyclotron line energy and spectral hardness in Cepheus X-4
Context. X-ray spectra of accreting pulsars are generally observed to vary with their X-ray luminosity. In particular, the hardness of the X-ray continuum is found to depend on luminosity. In a few sources, the correlation between the energy of the cyclotron resonance scattering feature (CRSF) and the luminosity is clear. Different types (signs) of the correlation are believed to reflect different accretion modes.
Aims. We analyse two NuSTAR observations of the transient accreting pulsar Cep X-4 during its 2014 outburst. Our analysis is focused on a detailed investigation of the dependence of the CRSF energy and of the spectral hardness on X-ray luminosity, especially on short timescales.
Methods. To investigate the spectral changes as a function of luminosity within each of the two observations, we used the intrinsic variability of the source on the timescale of individual pulse cycles (tens of seconds), the so-called pulse-to-pulse variability.
Results. We find that the NuSTAR spectrum of Cep X-4 contains two CRSFs: the fundamental line at ~30 keV and its harmonic at ~55 keV. We find for the first time that the energy of the fundamental CRSF increases and the continuum becomes harder with increasing X-ray luminosity not only between the two observations, that is, on the long timescale, but also within an individual observation, on the timescale of a few tens of seconds. We investigate these dependencies in detail including their non-linearity. We discuss a possible physical interpretation of the observed behaviour in the frame of a simple one-dimensional model of the polar emitting region with a collisionless shock formed in the infalling plasma near the neutron star surface. With this model, we are able to reproduce the observed variations of the continuum hardness ratio and of the CRSF energy with luminosity
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